Malignancy Spectrum最新文献

{"title":"The impact of pre-surgery nutrition intervention on weight loss, nutrition status, and quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with elective surgery","authors":"Wen Lynn Teong,&nbsp;Wei Yee Wong,&nbsp;Su Lin Lim,&nbsp;Choon Hui Low,&nbsp;Cassandra Lim Duan Qi,&nbsp;Ruochen Du","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss in colorectal cancer (CRC) surgical patients is widespread and often associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether pre-surgery nutrition intervention in CRC patients can reduce post-surgery weight loss and improve nutritional status and quality of life (QoL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty CRC patients undergoing elective surgery from November 2018 to February 2021 were recruited. They were compared to a control group of 60 CRC patients extracted retrospectively from 2014. The intervention group received pre-surgery nutrition counselling and was followed up at 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery, where their weights were taken and nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Health-related QoL was assessed using the 3-level Euro-Quality of Life 5 Domain (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire before surgery and at 3 months after surgery. The control group did not receive pre-surgery nutrition counselling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 3 months after surgery, the intervention group lost significantly less weight compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Similar significant results were observed at 1 and 2 months after surgery (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Fifty-two patients (91%) in the control group lost weight compared to 31 patients (53%) in the intervention group at 3 months after surgery (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Within the intervention group, the post-surgery Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale improved significantly from baseline (80% versus 75%, <i>p</i> = 0.043). The SGA score at 3 months after surgery was similar to that of baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.109).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pre-surgery nutrition intervention in patients with CRC and elective surgery has resulted in a significant reduction in post-surgery weight loss, improvement in QoL, and maintenance of nutritional status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 2","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144520267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of pediatric systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma","authors":"Feifei Liu,&nbsp;Man Hu,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Zhigang Li,&nbsp;Hongyun Lian","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare disorder that belongs to the broad group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. It is characterized by one or more nodules with predilection sites on the head, neck, and trunk, and lesions that may be several millimeters in diameter. These are reddish or yellowish benign papules or nodules that usually resolve spontaneously. The involvement of organs other than the skin is termed systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma (SJXG). The eye is the most frequent extracutaneous location of the JXG.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report a case of SJXG in a male child, with onset in the second month of life. He presented with several nodules, approximately 5 mm in diameter and tan-orange in color, located on the head, face, and trunk. The nodules enlarged to 10 mm in diameter, and new lesions were found in the right eye, which resulted in spontaneous hyphema and secondary glaucoma without treatment. The pathological findings suggested that the nodule was of histiocytic origin, and immunohistochemical analysis resulted in the diagnosis of JXG. Chemotherapy based on the Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) regimen resulted in a good prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SJXG has low morbidity, but is unpredictable, and rare and self-limited. Treatment is required for patients with extracutaneous involvement, who may have increased morbidity. The LCH-Ⅲ protocol of the International Histiocyte Society is the most commonly used and effective chemotherapy regimen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BCL2, IRS1, AKT3, PTEN, and HIF1A expression levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients","authors":"Mahdi Mohammadi,&nbsp;Kiana Taheri,&nbsp;Shamim Fooladgar,&nbsp;Saghar Omidvar Masoumi,&nbsp;Elham Tafsiri","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that play critical roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis, and they can target multiple genes at the mRNA level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some online tools like TargetScan, miRDIP, miRmap, and miRanda were used to evaluate the validated target genes. Before choosing target genes, we took advantage of some bioinformatics tools including STRING, GeneMANIA, and TRED to predict the target genes. Finally, the expression levels of the target genes were measured in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor and their adjacent normal tissues via SYBR Green-based quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to bioinformatics tools, <i>BCL2</i> and <i>AKT3</i> were selected as target genes for miR-15/16, and BCL2 was shown to demonstrate a robust negative correlation with miR-15a in our previous analysis of NSCLC tumor samples. Furthermore, we found a significant correlation between <i>BCL2</i> expression level and stage Ⅲ (<i>p</i> = 0.04). <i>PTEN</i> was assumed as a validated target gene of miR-21 that presented a significant decrease in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. <i>IRS1</i> was assigned as a target gene of miR-126/miR-128, and finally, <i>HIF1A</i> was selected as the target gene of miR-210. There was a significant negative association between <i>IRS1</i> expression level and miR-126/miR-128, but a positive correlation was demonstrated between miR-210 and <i>HIF1A</i> at mRNA level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restoration of miR-15/16, miR-126, and miR-128 in NSCLC might be therapeutic candidates to control cell proliferation and apoptosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of cervical cancer screening in Vanuatu: A retrospective analysis (2015–2020)","authors":"Emma R. Allanson,&nbsp;Vera Velanova,&nbsp;Boniface Damutalau,&nbsp;Harriet Obed,&nbsp;Geetha Warrier,&nbsp;Ian H. Frazer,&nbsp;Margaret McAdam","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vanuatu is a lower- and middle-income country in the Pacific with a cervical cancer incidence of 100 per 100,000 women. An opportunistic screening program has existed since 2008, with continuous data collection related to this since 2015.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed all cervical cancer screening data for Vanuatu over 6 years, and conducted a descriptive analysis of number of women screened, the results of screening, the treatment rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity or cytological abnormalities detected through screening, and the incidence of cervical cancer. The challenges encountered during the implementation of the screening program are also described.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were available from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2020. Based on census data, 70,081 women were eligible for screening, and 15,696 (22.4%) women underwent screening at least once. Screening coverage included 13.2% of individuals under 30 years, 33.2% of individuals in the 30−50 age group, and 15.8% of people over 50 years. A total of 8910 HPV tests were conducted, of which 876 (9.8%) were positive. Among the HPV-positive cases, 316 received large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) treatment, 156 (49.4%) of which were high grade and 2 (0.6%) of which were cancer. A total of 13,396 Pap smear tests were conducted, with 315 (2.4%) showing high-grade results and 226 (1.7%) indicating possible high-grade results. Overall, 119 cancers were diagnosed from 15,696 women screened (0.8%), including 6/3297 (0.2%) of &lt; 30 years, 75/10,089 (0.7%) of 30−50 years, 38/2310 (1.6%) of &gt; 50 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One in five eligible Ni-Vanuatu women have undergone cervical cancer screening since 2015, with 7.6 per 1000 women having malignant results and 40.4 per 1000 women having high-grade or possible high-grade results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of graded motor imagery on fear of movement, pain, and rehabilitation in patients with kinesiophobia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Xinyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhang,&nbsp;Xingu Chen,&nbsp;Shuping Liang,&nbsp;Yan Yu,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Qunqing Chen,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of graded motor imagery (GMI) on fear of movement, pain, and rehabilitation in patients with kinesiophobia after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-eight participants with kinesiophobia after VATS were randomly assigned into two groups: one receiving usual care (the control group) and the other receiving usual care plus GMI (the GMI group). The GMI was delivered in three stages: left/right limb identification, motor imagery, and mirror therapy delivered by two researchers every afternoon starting on the first postoperative day, once a day for about 40 min, at least twice. Level of fear of movement, pain-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs), rehabilitation exercise participation, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were compared between the two groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven eligible participants were included in the GMI group and 29 in the control group. Compared to the reports on the first postoperative day, the participants who received GMI reported at discharge significant reductions in kinesiophobia, intensity of worst pain and least pain, and interference of pain with activities and emotions, and increases in rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF than those in the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). An unexpected finding was a reduced surgery-to-discharge interval in the patients who received GMI (almost a day earlier than those in the control group).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GMI can reduce fear of movement, improve pain-related PROs, and increase rehabilitation exercise participation and PEF for lung cancer patients with kinesiophobia after VATS.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300072612).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 receptor and progranulin as prognostic biological markers in ductal invasive breast cancer: Immunohistochemical study","authors":"Mona A. H. Yehia,&nbsp;Sabah A. Al-Qadasi,&nbsp;Amel S. Al-Sedfy,&nbsp;Noura A. K. Matar","doi":"10.1002/msp2.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Fn14 fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) can stimulate cell migration and promote cancer lessions. Progranulin (GP88) protein has been identified as an epidermal growth factor and participates in many biological processes. The aim of the present work was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Fn14 and GP88 proteins in relation to the clinical parameters in women's invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and to explore their role as novel prognostic biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression levels of Fn14 and GP88 in 100 fresh samples of Egyptian women who had breast lesions. They were divided into three groups: control healthy tissues (10 samples from woman lesions), benign group (30 cases), and IDC group (60 cases).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The histopathological results of 60 cases with IDC have been reported with 45 cases being grade Ⅱ and 15 cases being grade Ⅲ. The immunohistochemical results showed that the degree of strong positive staining for both markers was increased in grade Ⅲ compared to that in grade Ⅱ. The integrated optical density was significantly increased in grade Ⅲ (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Also, the result revealed a highly significant correlation between the two markers and the tumor size, grades, and lymph node metastasis, as well as a correlation to normal and benign breast lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The quantitative immunohistochemistry of Fn14 and GP88 proteins revealed the correlation between the two markers and clinical parameters. Therefore, the two markers may be serviceable as prognostic and therapeutic markers in IDC patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the cyclophosphamide effect along with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV): An animal preclinical research","authors":"Mohammad Reza Foroughi-Gilvaee,&nbsp;Alireza Jahandideh,&nbsp;Mohammad Faranoush,&nbsp;Reza Nekouian","doi":"10.1002/msp2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality globally. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment modality that directly destroys cancer cells and induces an immune response against them. Among natural oncolytic viruses, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown selective tumor cell infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we investigated the efficacy of variable doses of NDV and cyclophosphamide on 4T1 cancer cell line and BALB/c mouse tumors for the first time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the control group, the combination treatment group with NDV and cyclophosphamide showed a significant increase in the expression levels of <i>P21</i>, <i>P27</i>, and <i>P53</i> genes by 38%, 46%, and 81%, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the expression levels of <i>CD34</i>, <i>integrin α5</i>, vascular endothelial growth factor (<i>VEGF</i>), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (<i>VEGFR</i>) genes significantly decreased by 47%, 45%, 42%, and 23%, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay evaluated with 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining showed a significant increase in ROS levels within 4T1 cells treated with NDV compared with the untreated group after 24 h (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining analysis showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the NDV-treated group decreased by 0.61% and 1.63% after 6 h and 12 h, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). After 12 days, tumor volume in the NDV-treated groups decreased by 72%−87% compared with a 48% increase in the control group, reflecting a net reduction in tumor volume relative to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate that NDV in combination with chemotherapy drugs may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer patients. However, several other factors need to be considered. These results indicate that NDV may have potential effects on cancer treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"2 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing tumor radiotherapy sensitivity through metal nanomaterials: A comprehensive review","authors":"Susu Xiao,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Wang,&nbsp;Bo Chen,&nbsp;Min Mu,&nbsp;Bo Han,&nbsp;Nianyong Chen,&nbsp;Gang Guo","doi":"10.1002/msp2.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in tumor treatment and is an indispensable therapeutic approach. However, ionizing radiation often damages the normal tissues surrounding the tumor. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective methods to improve the precision of RT. Nanotechnology has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy and safety of tumor RT. With the continuous development of multifunctional nanomaterials, various nanomaterials have been designed and investigated as radiation enhancers. Metallic nanomaterials are considered as promising radiosensitizers with potential for clinical translation. High atomic number (high-Z) metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as gold and bismuth, have garnered increasing attention for their ability to enhance the radiation effect, as they can potentially improve RT outcomes. New nanomedicine strategies may help to advance RT. This paper concisely explains the radiation enhancement mechanisms of high-Z metal NPs. It also enumerates several commonly studied high-Z metallic nanomaterials used in tumor RT and discusses their potential clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"243-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of 3D printing template-assisted CT-guided radioactive iodine-125 seed implantation for peripheral locally recurrent rectal cancer: A retrospective study","authors":"Xuemin Li,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Yuliang Jiang,&nbsp;Zhe Ji,&nbsp;Haitao Sun,&nbsp;Jinghong Fan,&nbsp;Weiyan Li,&nbsp;Junjie Wang","doi":"10.1002/msp2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.55","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of needle insertion and dosimetric parameters in three-dimensional printing template (3D-PT)-assisted computed tomography (CT)-guided radioactive iodine-125 (&lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I) seed implantation (RISI) for the treatment of peripheral locally recurrent rectal cancer (pLRRC).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 37 patients with pLRRC who underwent 3D-assisted CT-guided RISI treatment at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2016 and November 2019 were included in this study. All patients underwent preoperative assessment, CT simulation positioning, preoperative plan design, 3D template printing, 3D template reduction, needle and seed implantation, postoperative dosimetry evaluation, postoperative care, and regular follow-up. The preoperative and postoperative needle position, angle, and tip distance were compared. The dosimetric parameters, including D90 (the dose to 90% of the target volume), D100, V100 (the volume receives 100% of the prescribed dose), V150, V200, conformal index (CI), external index (EI), and homogeneity index (HI), were compared among preoperative plan, intraoperative plan, and postoperative plan. The perioperative complications were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The total number of needles was 595. The depths of needle insertion in preoperative and intraoperative plans were 109.87 ± 1.33 mm and 108.46 ± 1.26 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The angles of needle insertion in preoperative and intraoperative plans were (93.55 ± 2.05)° and (92.04 ± 1.99)°, respectively, with no significant difference (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The average deviation of the needle insertion distance was 1.99 ± 0.08 mm. There were no differences in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters, including D90, D100, V100, V150, V200, CI, EI, and HI. All patients were closely followed up during the perioperative period (from seven days before surgery to seven days after surgery). No patients experienced severe perioperative complications. A total of eight patients (21.6%) experienced grade 1−2 complications. Among all patients, six individuals (16.2%) experienced pain, one patient (2.7%) had a fever, and one patient (2.7%) suffered from a hemorrhage. All patients recovered after conservative treatment.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The needle insertion in 3D-PT-assisted CT-guided RISI showed good accuracy for treating pLRRC.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of risk prediction scores for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients with solid tumors receiving chemotherapy: A comparative analysis","authors":"Hamsaveni Muthukumar,&nbsp;Wesley Mannirathil Jose,&nbsp;Nikhil Krishna Haridas,&nbsp;Anjali Sajikumar Nair,&nbsp;Keechilat Pavithran","doi":"10.1002/msp2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/msp2.54","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer patients have a 4−7-fold increased risk of thrombotic complications due to cancer as well as chemotherapy-induced hypercoagulable state. This study compared the different risk assessment models (Khorana, PROTECHT, CONKO, and COMPASS-CAT scores) that help predict venous thromboembolism (VTE) in ambulatory cancer patients. Early identification of high-risk patients would benefit from thromboprophylaxis, thereby improving the mortality and morbidity due to thrombotic events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study on ambulatory patients with solid malignancy. The study was conducted over six months, from March 2022 to August 2022. Data on VTE predictors were gathered from 230 ambulatory cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 230 patients receiving chemotherapy, 20 were diagnosed with VTE, with the majority of this population being either diagnosed with gynecological cancer or lung cancer, constituting 25% of VTE-diagnosed patients. The Khorana score, with a VTE accuracy of 83.04%, was found to be the highest, followed by the CONKO (80.00%), PROTECHT (69.57%), COMPASS-CAT Ⅱ (54.35%), and COMPASS-CAT Ⅰ (38.26%) scores. The cumulative incidence of VTE among high-risk patients showed that the PROTECHT score had the highest cumulative incidence (CI = 14.28), and the CONKO score had the lowest (CI = 9.40).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Khorana score was the most accurate, followed by the CONKO, PROTECHT, and COMPASS-CAT Ⅱ scores, while the COMPASS-CAT Ⅰ score was the least accurate. Hence, the Khorana scoring is essential for diagnosing VTE in patients with ambulatory cancer treated with chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100882,"journal":{"name":"Malignancy Spectrum","volume":"1 4","pages":"332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/msp2.54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}