La Presse Médicale Formation最新文献

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La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2666-4798(24)00122-8
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引用次数: 0
Histoire du sel : regards croisés 盐的历史
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.007
Christine Hoët-van Cauwenberghe , Armelle Masse , Arnaud Gauthier
{"title":"Histoire du sel : regards croisés","authors":"Christine Hoët-van Cauwenberghe ,&nbsp;Armelle Masse ,&nbsp;Arnaud Gauthier","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nous étudions l’histoire du sel par une approche pluridisciplinaire avec un regard croisé du géologue, de l’historien, de l’historien d’art, de l’archéologue et du philologue. Le sel est indispensable à l’homme et son usage s’est développé à travers les âges. Les communautés ont utilisé le sel au quotidien pour ses différentes qualités : conservateur des aliments, exhausteur de goût, astringent, utilisé en médecine, dans l’artisanat, et maintenant dans l’industrie. Son usage est tellement varié que notre langage s’en nourrit et diverses expressions en sont nées. Il est source de richesse et de revenus depuis l’Antiquité. Il présente une dualité. En effet, les perceptions sociétales du sel ont évolué, et actuellement les groupes humains le considèrent tantôt comme un ami, tantôt comme un ennemi. Ce minéral est omniprésent et notre analyse contribue à une approche historique et raisonnée du sel.</p></div><div><p>We take a multidisciplinary approach of the history of salt looking at it from the angle of geologist, historian, art historian, archaeologist and philologist. Salt is essential for human beings and its use has developed over the ages. Communities, around the world, have used salt on a daily basis for its various qualities: food preservative, flavour enhancer, astringent, used in medicine, in crafts, and now in industry. It is used in so many different ways that it has become an integral part of our language and has given rise to a variety of expressions. It has been a source of wealth and income since ancient times. There is a duality to it. Societal perceptions of salt have evolved, and today human groups consider it as both a friend and an enemy. This mineral is omnipresent and our analysis contributes to a historical and reasoned approach to salt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 274-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Le sel et le rein 盐与肾脏
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.006
Michel Burnier
{"title":"Le sel et le rein","authors":"Michel Burnier","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Les reins ont un rôle physiologique prépondérant dans la régulation et le maintien de la balance sodée chez l’humain.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Toute altération de la régulation rénale de l’excrétion sodée provoquant soit une perte rénale de sodium soit une augmentation de sa réabsorption, a pour conséquence des variations importantes de la volémie et de la pression artérielle (hypotension ou hypertension artérielle).</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Une consommation élevée de sel a un impact négatif sur le développement de l’insuffisance rénale chronique.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Une consommation élevée de sel augmente également le risque de développer des complications cardiovasculaires avec ou sans insuffisance rénale chronique.</p></span></li></ul></div><div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Kidneys play a fundamental role in the regulation and maintenance of sodium balance in humans.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Any alteration of the renal regulation of sodium homeostasis inducing either a salt waste or a salt retention, can lead to important variations in volemia and blood pressure (arterial hypotension or hypertension).</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>A high sodium intake has a negative impact on the development of chronic kidney diseases.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>A high sodium intake also increases the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in the presence of in the absence of kidney diseases.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666479824001162/pdfft?md5=59ba8f1c31a684ebd7f7c51869b30ce2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666479824001162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nouveautés et changements des recommandations 2023 de l’ESC sur le traitement antithrombotique dans le syndrome coronaire aigu ESC 2023 年急性冠状动脉综合征抗血栓治疗建议的新特点和变化
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.04.001
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引用次数: 0
Mise au point et actualités en IRM cardiaque 心脏磁共振成像的最新进展
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.03.001
{"title":"Mise au point et actualités en IRM cardiaque","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L’étude de la composition du tissu myocardique avec tout d’abord les séquences de rehaussement tardif a imposé l’IRM comme un examen clé de l’évaluation des cardiomyopathies ischémiques et non ischémiques. Ces dernières années, l’émergence en pratique clinique de l’imagerie paramétrique avec mesure quantitative des temps de relaxation T1 et T2 du myocarde permet de renforcer les capacités diagnostiques et pronostiques de l’IRM dans ce domaine.</p><p>La mesure des flux en contraste de phase est bien validée pour l’évaluation des pathologies valvulaires et des cardiopathies congénitales. C’est l’outil idéal pour quantifier directement les volumes de régurgitation pulmonaire et aortique. De plus, le couplage avec les différentes techniques de l’IRM cardiaque permet une évaluation complète du retentissement des anomalies valvulaires. Dernièrement, ont été développées des séquences permettant une acquisition des flux en 3D à travers le temps, dites 4D, qui pourraient faciliter l’étude des flux intracardiaques mais aussi accéder à l’étude précise in vivo de l’écoulement sanguin dans les gros vaisseaux.</p><p>L’IRM cardiaque de stress est un test d’ischémie dont la performance diagnostique et pronostique dans le dépistage de la maladie coronaire est largement reconnue. Sa précision diagnostique qui ne varie pas selon le sexe et l’absence de radiation ionisante en font un examen de choix pour explorer l’ischémie myocardique chez la femme. Récemment, des méthodes de quantification de la perfusion myocardique en IRM ont été validées et pourraient permettre l’évaluation fonctionnelle de la microcirculation cardiaque.</p></div><div><p>Myocardial tissue characterization, initially through late gadolinium enhancement sequences, has established cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a pivotal tool in the assessment of both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. In recent years, the emergence in clinical practice of parametric imaging, with quantitative measurement of myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times, has further enhanced the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of CMR in this field.</p><p>The flow measurement using phase-contrast is well validated for assessing valvular and congenital heart diseases. It is the ideal tool for directly quantifying the volumes of pulmonary and aortic regurgitation. Moreover, its integration with various CMR techniques allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of valvular pathologies. Recently, sequences that enable the acquisition of 3D flow over time, known as 4D flow, could facilitate intracardiac flow measurements and allow for precise in vivo analysis of blood flow patterns in large vessels.</p><p>The diagnostic and prognostic performance of stress CMR in detecting coronary artery disease is widely recognized. Its diagnostic accuracy, which is not influenced by sex, and the absence of ionizing radiation make it a preferred examination for exploring myocardial ischemia in women. Recently, methods for ","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 252-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conduite à tenir en cas de gros testicule 睾丸过大时该怎么办
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.04.011
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引用次数: 0
La recherche en santé et sa nécessaire évaluation 健康研究和评估的必要性
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.004
E. Barranger , G. Milano
{"title":"La recherche en santé et sa nécessaire évaluation","authors":"E. Barranger ,&nbsp;G. Milano","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Page 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
À quoi sert le sel dans les aliments ? Exemple de la charcuterie-salaison 盐在食品中的作用是什么?以腌肉为例
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.008
Gilles Nassy , Jean-Michel Lecerf
{"title":"À quoi sert le sel dans les aliments ? Exemple de la charcuterie-salaison","authors":"Gilles Nassy ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Lecerf","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Le sel est un ingrédient majeur pour la qualité de nombreux aliments.</p><p>Il a des propriétés bactériostatiques importantes pour la sécurité alimentaire.</p><p>Il exerce des propriétés technologiques dans les aliments et en particulier dans les viandes transformées avec un pouvoir de rétention d’eau de la viande, une action de solubilisation des protéines.</p><p>Il contribue à la saveur des aliments concernés.</p><p>Sa réduction ne peut être envisagée au détriment de l’acceptation des aliments par le consommateur, de leur durée de vie et encore moins de la sécurité des aliments.</p></div><div><p>Salt is a major ingredient for the quality of many foods.</p><p>It has bacteriostatic properties important for food safety.</p><p>It exerts technological properties in foods and in particular in processed meats with a water retention power of meat, a protein solubilization action.</p><p>It contributes to the flavor of the foods concerned.</p><p>Its reduction cannot be considered to the detriment of consumer acceptance of food, its shelf life and even less food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 283-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sel, goût et appétit 盐、味道和食欲
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.010
Christian Salles
{"title":"Sel, goût et appétit","authors":"Christian Salles","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>La perception du salé interagit avec plusieurs autres perceptions : sucré, acide, amer, umami, perceptions chemesthésiques, arômes associés à la perception salée, dont certains peuvent renforcer cette perception du salée.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Dans le cas d’une matrice alimentaire complexe, la libération progressive du sel en bouche lors de la mastication et la perception temporelle du salé sont modulées par les composants de la matrice, en particulier la matière grasse, les protéines et l’eau. Les ions sodium interagissent avec cette matrice par des interactions physico-chimiques complexes.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>La détection du salé au niveau périphérique est encore mal connue et très complexe. Le récepteur au sodium est un canal ionique ENaC mais d’autres systèmes pourraient être impliqués. L’anion associé au cation semble aussi avoir un rôle modulateur sur la perception du salé.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>La perception du salé a un impact sur l’acceptabilité des aliments de façon variable en fonction des conditions physiologiques, des pratiques alimentaires, et des habitudes alimentaires.</p></span></li></ul></div><div><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>The perception of saltiness interacts with several other perceptions: sweet, sour, bitter, umami, chemesthetic perceptions, aromas associated with salty perception, some of which can enhance this salty perception.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>In the case of a complex food matrix, the progressive release of salt in the mouth during chewing and the temporal perception of saltiness are modulated by the components of the matrix, in particular fat, proteins and water. Sodium ions interact with this matrix through complex physicochemical interactions.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Salty detection at the peripheral level is still poorly understood and very complex. The sodium receptor is an ENaC ion channel but other systems could be involved. The anion associated with the cation also seems to have a modulating role on salty perception.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The salty perception has an impact on the acceptability of foods in a variable manner depending on physiological conditions, eating practices, and eating habits.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Le sel, ami ou ennemi 盐,是敌是友
La Presse Médicale Formation Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.009
Jean-Michel Lecerf
{"title":"Le sel, ami ou ennemi","authors":"Jean-Michel Lecerf","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 272-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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