Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Seeds Adapted to Mixed Cropping Increase Yield and Drought Resistance of Cereal–Legume Mixtures","authors":"Alejandro Muñoz-Escribano,&nbsp;Christian Schöb,&nbsp;Jesús López-Angulo","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cropland diversification through mixed cropping has the potential of achieving a more sustainable agriculture while securing food production. This is of special relevance with climate change and the expected drier growing conditions in the future. Seed adaptation to this cropping method is hypothesized to be a fundamental factor to maximize these benefits, as well as the particular species combined. In this study we compared the performance of four cereal–legume mixed crops (wheat and oat mixed with lupin and lentil in pairs) with their respective monocrops. Each crop was sown using seeds adapted to monoculture and mixed cropping, respectively. Moreover, they were grown under early-season and late-season drought treatments and under control conditions. We measured above-ground vegetative biomass, seed yield and harvest index to evaluate crop production, drought resistance and the effect of seed adaptation on each mixed and monocrop. Our results show that mixed cropping either had a beneficial or neutral effect on crop yield, depending on the species combination and drought conditions, but the harvest index was higher in monocrops. We also confirmed that seed adaptation to a particular type of cropping is clearly a determining factor in its performance. In accordance with the insurance hypothesis, mixed cropping has the effect of protecting crop yields in the case of a sudden bad performance of one of the species, for example, caused by adverse environmental conditions. It is necessary to focus on effective species combinations which have the best responses to mixed cropping. In our study, we show that wheat–lentil mixtures performed poorly, while wheat–lupin showed the most promising results improving yield and drought resistance. Oat mixed crops did not show differences with the respective monocrops, so they can be a viable cropping option as well and benefit from advantages of crop diversity not measured in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-Amended Soils: A Water-Saving Strategy for Quinoa Cultivation in the Andes","authors":"Tatiana Condori-Ataupillco,&nbsp;Ricardo Flores-Marquez,&nbsp;Kenyi Quispe,&nbsp;Juan Quispe-Rodriguez,&nbsp;José Velásquez-Mantari,&nbsp;Richard Solórzano-Acosta","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies showed that biochar amended soils significantly enhanced the growth and yield of quinoa under water limitations. So it becomes an emerging agronomic strategy to consider for sustainable quinoa production. Biochar can specifically be considered for the area particularly receiving low annual rainfall and more vulnerable to current climate change conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A field experiment was conducted using the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla, employing a factorial design to assess the effects of different application rates of biochar made of municipal pruning waste and agricultural waste (0, 1, 2, and 3 t·ha⁻¹), and three irrigation intervals (irrigation every 5 days, irrigation every 10 days, and irrigation every 15 days). The volumetric soil moisture content, the soil hydraulic properties, and quinoa's biometric characteristics and yield components were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that the longest irrigation intervals (10 and 15 days) resulted in soil moisture levels between 19% and 40% below the wilting point (soil matric potential: −1.5 MPa), creating water stress conditions. However, biochar application increased the field capacity from 0.31 to 0.38 g H₂O g⁻¹ soil, raised soil air content from 22% to 29% at irrigation, and promoted the quinoa's soil water absorption below the wilting point. Furthermore, the application of 3 t·ha⁻¹ of biochar significantly enhanced quinoa yield, increasing it from 3.18 to 4.22 t·ha⁻¹, along with improvements in leaf area, total biomass, root length, and panicle length by 70.74%, 76.54%, 14.34%, and 16.55%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was concluded that a 3 t·ha⁻¹ biochar application mitigated the negative effects of water stress caused by prolonged irrigation intervals. This biochar treatment improved the soil's physical properties and enabled the quinoa variety INIA 415 Pasankalla to achieve yields close to its theoretical productive potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Humic Acid Diminishes the Effect of Drought on the Soil Microbiome","authors":"Daniel Hoefle,&nbsp;Sebastian Sperber,&nbsp;Nader Marzban,&nbsp;Markus Antonietti,&nbsp;Thomas Hoffmann,&nbsp;Wisnu Adi Wicaksono,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelfattah,&nbsp;Gabriele Berg","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humic substances have an enormous potential for regenerative agriculture to improve soil quality and plant growth. Recently developed technologies called hydrothermal humification enabled the conversion of waste into artificial humic acids, that would allow for sustainable and large-scale applications. However, not much is known about the effect of artificially produced humic acid on the soil microbiome and its effect on drought-exposed soil. Therefore, we studied the effect of drought stress and artificial humic acid on the soil microbiota in sandy soil in a controlled experimental design. Analyses of 16S rDNA amplicon libraries by bioinformatics and statistics revealed that both drought and artificial humic acid application influenced bacterial community composition significantly, but only artificial humic acid affected bacterial diversity. Bacterial families like Pseudomonadaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Moraxellaceae enriched under artificial humic acid conditions, suggest an adaptation and selection of the soil bacterial microbiome. Under drought stress, artificial humic acid treatment kept bacterial diversity stable in the changed bacterial community composition. We propose that artificial humic acid application in sandy soil can improve the soil bacterial community, diminish drought stress, favour plant growth-promoting taxa, and bring enormous potential to sequestrate carbon in the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice Growth in the Shadow of Global Warming: Microbes Shed Light on Alleviating Its Heat Stress","authors":"Xiangrui Zeng,&nbsp;Jinman Wang,&nbsp;Susu He,&nbsp;Xinru Zhao,&nbsp;Bohan Jiang,&nbsp;Beibei Liu,&nbsp;Zhengfu Yue,&nbsp;Yukun Zou,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing severity of global climate change has led to more frequent extreme high-temperature events, significantly damaging rice yield and quality, thus posing a threat to global food security. Research indicates that plant-microbe interactions can enhance plant growth and overall health under adverse conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore strategies to improve rice heat tolerance through thermophilic microorganism mediation. This paper systematically summarises the effects of heat stress on both the aboveground and underground parts of rice during its growth stages, identifies the molecular mechanisms by which rice responds to heat stress, and explores the potential roles of microorganisms. Additionally, we review existing studies on microorganisms that alleviate plant heat stress and their mechanisms of action. Through case studies, we explore how microorganisms enhance rice survival in high-temperature environments by regulating its growth and development, along with their potential applications in sustainable agriculture. In the future, environmentally friendly and efficient microbial inoculants and biofertilizers are expected to be developed based on microbe-mediated plant heat tolerance mechanisms, which will help mitigate the heat stress challenges crops face under global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of Leguminous Green Manures Enhances Crop Biomass, Nutrient Uptake, Soil Phosphorus Dynamics and Bioavailability","authors":"P. V. Nguyen,&nbsp;L. M. Condron,&nbsp;Z. P. Simpson,&nbsp;R. W. McDowell","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In agroecosystems, phosphorus (P) applications over a long time have accumulated in soil as legacy P. This environmental challenge can be an agronomic opportunity as soil legacy P could be recovered in cropping systems using practices such as green manuring. We hypothesised that, at moderate soil available P levels, plant-soil interactions under green manures can mobilise soil legacy P and promote cereal crop P uptake and growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alongside a fallow treatment, three green manure treatments that included two legume treatments (narrow-leaf lupin [<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i>], pea [<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.]) and one cereal treatment (wheat [<i>Triticum aestivum</i>] and barley [<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>]) were rotated with the main crops of wheat and barley in two phases on a pumice soil (27 mg kg⁻¹ Olsen P) in a microcosm experiment. Plant roots and shoots and end-of-experiment soil samples were collected for analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over two crop rotations, inclusion of narrow-leaf lupin and pea green manures significantly increased main crop biomass (27%–35%) and P uptake (15%–29%) relative to control, while the cereal green manure decreased the following crop's yield (−13%) and P uptake (−19%). Relative to fallow, microbial biomass P and soil organic P pools increased under all green manures yet total inorganic P decreased under leguminous green manures. This depletion (35 mg P kg⁻¹) under narrow-leaf lupin was equivalent to ~47 kg P ha⁻¹. Phosphatase enzyme activities relevant to P cycling increased particularly under leguminous green manure treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leguminous green manures such as narrow-leaf lupin could mobilise soil P to crops in field conditions, suggesting that drawdown of soil legacy P while sustaining crop yield can be tenable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sandponics: A Sustainable Agriculture Solution for Food Security and Resource Efficiency in Arid Regions","authors":"Chythra Somanathan Nair,&nbsp;Meera Bakheet Hamad Alsudain,&nbsp;Ramya Manoharan,&nbsp;Drishya Nishanth,&nbsp;Radhakrishnan Subramanian,&nbsp;Anicet Manga,&nbsp;Abdul Jaleel","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agriculture in arid regions encounters significant challenges, including water scarcity, poor soil quality and low crop yields. Sandponics, also known as the Integrated Aqua Vegeculture System (IAVS), presents a promising solution by utilizing sand as a sustainable, water-efficient medium for food production. This review explores the potential of sandponics as a scalable, eco-friendly agricultural practices in arid regions. Sand, being abundant, recyclable and cost-effective, offers a viable alternative to conventional growth media, making sandponics a practical and resource-efficient option. The method has demonstrated success in enhancing crop productivity, particularly, in saline environments, while minimizing environmental impact. Sandponics supports food security and land use optimization by transforming challenging conditions into productive agricultural landscapes. Future research should focus on refining sand selection, optimizing nutrient and environmental conditions, managing microbial interactions and scaling up sandponics for broader application, thus advancing their role in sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goat and sheep manure based vermicompost and vermi-leachate as a nutrient source in drip hydroponic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris)","authors":"Hupenyu A. Mupambwa,&nbsp;Given Isaka Nyambe,&nbsp;Brendan Matomola,&nbsp;Bethold Handura,&nbsp;Veronica Amalia Howoses,&nbsp;Martha K. Hausiku-Ikechukwu,&nbsp;Werner Gawanab","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small stock animal manures have the potential to be used in arid countries to produce vermi-leachate or vermi-teas that can be effectively utilised in the hydroponic production of both leafy and fruity vegetables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study evaluated the potential of sheep and goat manure vermicompost (SGMVC) as an amendment to cocopeat at varying levels, as well as sheep and goat manure vermi-leachate (SGMVL) diluted at 5%, 10%, and 20%, on crop phytotoxicity, seedling growth, and crop growth and yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 100% inorganic Hygrotech fertiliser and SGML showed consistently high values for relative root elongation (RRE) and germination index (GI), with values above 90% for most treatments. However, the treatments with less SGMVC incorporation showed phytotoxic effects, with cocopeat alone having the lowest GI and RRE values. However, for direct seed germination, all treatments showed germination percentages above 80% for Swiss chard and above 70% for tomato, including the cocopeat alone treatment, indicating the complementary effects of the SGMVL irrigation source. For Swiss chard, the use of 10% and 20% leachate alone resulted in a 141.8% and 137.5% lower leaf area, respectively, compared to the treatments irrigated with Hygrotech fertiliser. Similarly, for tomatoes, the use of 10% and 20% leachate alone resulted in 129.2% and 143.4% lower leaf areas, respectively, compared to the Hygrotech irrigated treatments. For Swiss chard, the application of 0% VC resulted in an overall 43% reduction in leaf yield, whereas in tomato, it resulted in an overall 44% reduction in tomato fruit yield. The increased yield under 50% VC clearly indicated increased nutrient availability and enhanced water holding capacity of the media compared to when no SGMVC was added.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that Swiss chard and tomato have different nutrient requirements, and the use of SGMVC should not be based on blanket recommendations from one crop. In addition, the use of reduced inorganic soluble fertilisers in combination with SGMVC has no economic benefits, as this reduced yield is almost proportional to the level of soluble fertiliser reduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Surface and Subsurface: The Biogeochemical Basis of Cave Microbial Ecosystem Services","authors":"M. Nayeli Luis-Vargas,&nbsp;John Webb,&nbsp;Susan White,&nbsp;Sean K. Bay","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70031","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Most caves form by the dissolution of soluble rock (typically limestone or dolomite, but occasionally halite or gypsum), and occur within karst landscapes, where dissolution is the dominant geomorphic process (Ford and Williams &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Karst landscapes occupy approximately 20% of terrestrial ice-free areas globally and are major geomorphological features in North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Australia (Figure 1) (Palmer &lt;span&gt;1991&lt;/span&gt;; Goldscheider et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Chen et al. &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Caves also occur within insoluble rocks, where they form by a variety of processes. Caves within basalt lava flows form as internal conduits (tubes) (White, Culver, and Pipan &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Lava tubes are much less common than limestone caves but are found worldwide, scattered within basalt lava fields in every continent and on volcanic islands such as New Zealand, Hawaii, the Azores, Galapagos and the Canary Islands (Figure 1) (Espinasa-Pereña &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt;; Greeley and Hyde &lt;span&gt;1972&lt;/span&gt;; Middleton et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Webb &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cave environments are typically classified as oligotrophic ecosystems, where traces of surface-derived organic carbon and nutrients enter the cave via sinking streams or water percolation (Simon, Pipan, and Culver &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;; Ravn, Michelsen, and Reboleira &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Macalady &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, despite this energy limitation, caves harbour diverse microbial communities which live on cave walls and speleothems (particularly, flowstone and rimstone dams) as biofilms and in allochthonous sediments on the cave floor (Figure 2). Dominant bacterial phyla frequently described in cave surveys include Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexota and Bacteroidota, while the more prevalent archaeon is Thermoproteota (Engel &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Zhu et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Luis-Vargas et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Recent studies have also identified fungi, especially those from the phylum Basidiomycota, which play a significant role in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling (Martin-Pozas et al. &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Most microbial communities depend on the heterotrophic breakdown of allochthonous carbon sources for energy (Engel &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;; Stevens &lt;span&gt;1997&lt;/span&gt;). However, chemolithoautotrophs, bacteria and archaea, which couple the oxidation of inorganic compounds to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fixation, have also been reported. As cave primary producers, these microorganisms play key roles in subterranean carbon and nutrient cycles (Zhu, Jiang, and Liu &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Conventional chemolithoautotrophs that are commonly reported include nitrifying microorganisms, such as ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea, as well as sulphide and iron oxidisers (Tetu et al. &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Ortiz et al. &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Chen et al. &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Northup &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caves provide microb","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Overlap Between Bees and Pollinator-Dependent Crops in Europe and North America","authors":"Ehsan Rahimi,&nbsp;Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pollination is a crucial service provided by ecosystems, playing a critical role in global food production within agricultural landscapes. The successful pollination of crops by insects requires the spatial coexistence of these two entities. However, an assessment of the spatial overlap between pollinating insects and crops that depend on pollinators has not been conducted in, Europe and North America. To address this challenge, we employed species distribution models (SDMs) to generate distribution maps for 394 bee species in Europe and 697 in North America, along with maps for 41 pollinator-dependent crops. Using Schoener's <i>D</i> statistics and a binary approach, we calculated the spatial overlap between crops and bees. Notably, there was a significant disparity in the overlap patterns between bees and crops in Europe and North America, with Europe exhibiting a higher degree of overlap compared to North America. Specifically, in Europe, the mean overlap based on Schoener's <i>D</i> for all crops was 0.55, while based on the binary approach, this overlap increased to 17.5%. In North America, the mean overlap based on Schoener's <i>D</i> was 0.35 for all crops and the binary overlap indicated a mean overlap of 9.4%. Our findings also pinpointed hotspots for bees, primarily situated in the western regions of Europe and both the western and eastern regions of the United States in North America. It is crucial to note that spatial overlap between plants and pollinators is just one facet of the conditions necessary for species interaction and does not directly imply actual pollination. Nevertheless, this study provides a comprehensive perspective on the potential spatial mismatch between crops and bees.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Combination of Few Physicochemical and Fungal Parameters Can Explain the Soil-Dependent Variation in Wheat Biomass After Inoculation With Cladosporium tenuissimum","authors":"Lena von Saldern,&nbsp;Loïc Thurre,&nbsp;Waelchli Jan,&nbsp;Judith Kobler,&nbsp;Juliane Krenz,&nbsp;Klaus Schlaeppi","doi":"10.1002/sae2.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intensive agriculture causes substantial negative impacts on agroecosystems. One approach to reduce impacts while maintaining productivity is the inoculation with beneficial microbes. Inoculants can positively affect crop growth for instance through enhancing nutrient uptake or pathogen protection. However, the efficacy of inoculants is inconsistent across different agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated to which degree the varying growth responses to an inoculant can be modelled from soil parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As inoculant, we worked with the commercially available fungus <i>Cladosporium tenuissimum</i> and tested its effectivity on wheat plants. Variation between soils was specifically tested, while keeping other factors constant in pot experiments under controlled conditions. We assessed 25 field soils for their influence on wheat biomass response to inoculation (BRI). For each soil, we measured physicochemical parameters and characterised the soil fungal community composition. We then performed variable selection and exhaustive model screenings to find the best model explaining variations in BRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A combined model incorporating physicochemical and fungal soil parameters outperformed models using only one of the two types of data. The best model was based on six predictors and explained 80% of the observed variability in BRI. Predictive parameters included water holding capacity and organic carbon levels as well as soil fungi of the taxa Alternaria, Cladosporium (another species than the inoculant), Acrostalagmus and Fusicolla. Organic carbon and Alternaria negatively affected the effectivity of the inoculant while the other parameters were positive predictors for inoculation success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We showed that six soil parameters were sufficient to explain most of the variation of wheat responses to inoculation with <i>C. tenuissimum</i>. This result serves as proof-of-concept that the effectivity of inoculants can be modelled from soil parameters. It is now necessary to take this approach to practice and evaluate predictions for inoculant efficacy under field conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}