Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Bacterial biostimulants for climate smart agriculture practices: Mode of action, effect on plant growth and roadmap for commercial products","authors":"Ravinder Singh,&nbsp;Sehijpreet Kaur,&nbsp;Sukhveer S. Bhullar,&nbsp;Hardeep Singh,&nbsp;Lakesh K. Sharma","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Amidst the global food shortage and the global climate change challenge, there is an urgent need to double food production by 2050. However, the modern crop production methods, including the use of fertilizers and pesticides, have adverse environmental consequences, exacerbating the climate crisis. To address this challenge, a transition to sustainable agriculture is imperative that can harmonize the issue. Biostimulants offer an eco-friendly solution, especially bacterial biostimulants centred on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). These biostimulants hold the promise of offering environmentally sustainable solutions to enhance crop productivity. The adoption of PGPR-based biostimulants in agriculture has gained significant momentum in agricultural research. PGPRs enhance plant growth through multifaceted mechanisms. This review delves into the various modes of action employed by PGPRs to improve plant growth, including their impact on nutrient availability (such as nitrogen fixation and mineral solubilization) and stress mitigation. In addition, the practical implication of PGPR strains in field research has been discussed extensively. Besides, the review outlines the roadmap for commercializing PGPR-based biostimulants and discusses the associated challenges and limitations. A balanced perspective on the practical implementation of PGPRs in modern agriculture is presented. Exploration of future strategies and directions rounds out the review, emphasizing the necessity of a comprehensive approach to address research gaps and unlock the full potential of PGPR-based biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. In conclusion, this review underscores the applicability of PGPR-based biostimulants as an innovative solution to address the current food crisis in the context of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A host-derived chimeric peptide protects citrus against Huanglongbing without threatening the native microbial community of the phyllosphere","authors":"Jeongyun Choi,&nbsp;Supratim Basu,&nbsp;Abigail Thompson,&nbsp;Kristen Otto,&nbsp;Elena V. Sineva,&nbsp;Madhurababu Kunta,&nbsp;Goutam Gupta,&nbsp;Pankaj Trivedi","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of host-derived antibacterial peptides has been highlighted as a potential efficacious and safe tool for the treatment of Huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating disease of citrus. However, pathogenic bacteria such as HLB-causing <i>Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus</i> (<i>C</i>Las) often develop resistance against the host antibacterial peptides. We showed that chimeras containing two different host antibacterial peptides not only retain antibacterial activity but also overcome bacterial resistance and enhance plant defence responses. Also, chimeric peptides can have an off-target impact on the structure and function of plant-associated microbiomes. However, there is a lack of understanding of the impact of the chimeric peptide therapy on the microbial structure in the citrus phyllosphere while reducing the <i>C</i>Las titre. Here, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of a chimeric peptide (UGK17) to reduce <i>C</i>Las titre, inducing plant defence response and impacting the microbiome associated with the citrus phyllosphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaf samples were collected from orange and grapefruit trees in Texas and identified as old and young leaves according to their maturity. We collected three different types of leaves based on their infection and symptoms: healthy, symptomatic (infected with typical symptoms), and asymptomatic (infected without symptoms). <i>In planta</i> assay was performed by dipping the leaves in the 0, 5 and 25 μM of UGK17 solutions for 48 h. The quantifications of <i>C</i>Las titre and pathogenesis-related (<i>PR</i>) gene expression were done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and reverse transcription-qPCR, respectively. Amplicon sequencing was done to evaluate the impact of UGK17 on individual bacterial community structures. In addition, we performed an <i>ex planta</i> assay to assess the effect of UGK17 on the growth of bacterial isolates including <i>Liberibacter crescens</i> instead of unculturable <i>C</i>Las predominant in the phyllosphere.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The UGK17 treatment reduced the <i>C</i>Las titre in both asymptomatic and symptomatic citrus leaves, regardless of the age of the leaves. The UGK17 application augmented the <i>PR</i> gene expression. In <i>ex planta</i> assay, the growth of <i>L. crescens</i> along with four other strains belonging to the family Rhizobiaceae, was significantly inhibited by the UGK17 while the growth of 74 strains were unaffected. Additionally, there was no statistically significant changes in the microbial community structure with UGK17 t","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"489-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138571073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional redundancy across space and time in litter-degrading fungal communities","authors":"Yuanyuan Bao,&nbsp;Jan Dolfing,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Ruirui Chen,&nbsp;Xiaodan Cui,&nbsp;Zhongpei Li,&nbsp;Xiangui Lin,&nbsp;Youzhi Feng","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microbial-driven litter decomposition contributes significantly to global carbon (C) turnover. Fungi play central roles in the degradation process due to their ability to hydrolyse recalcitrant litter components. The spatiotemporal variations in taxonomic composition of litter-degrading fungi have been well documented. However, associated variations in litter-degradation-related functional composition of fungal communities remain unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, a 16-week field-based buried rice straw experiment was conducted at three experimental sites across subtropical China in combination with laboratory ¹³C-straw-based DNA stable-isotope probing (DNA-SIP) microcosm experiments. Amplicon sequencing combined with shotgun metagenomic sequencing were the approaches of choice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The field experiment showed that the taxonomic composition of the straw-degrading fungal community was highly variable while the functional composition was rather stable. The higher permutational multivariate analysis of variation <i>F</i> scores (20.904−48.660) and the steeper slopes (1.92 E-04−4.15E-04) of the distance decay relationship for taxonomic composition than for function across periods (with lower <i>F</i> scores = 7.047−21.601 and gradual slopes = −1.33 E-05 to −1.03E-04) both indicated that the spatiotemporal patterns of functional composition in litter-degrading fungi community were more conserved. The laboratory DNA-SIP confirmed the field observations and showed that the conserved functional composition in litter-degrading fungi was underpinned by a high functional redundancy of Basidiomycota.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Function and taxonomy of litter-degrading fungi were decoupled. The functional composition of the litter-degrading fungal community was highly conserved in space and time, the taxonomic composition less so. The main drivers behind the observed taxonomic decoupling are probably/most likely functional redundancy and metabolic niche selection resulting in conservation of function, with changing environmental conditions and dispersal limitation drove the observed high taxonomic turnover of the community over the course of the litter degradation progression. Our study provides valuable insights in the ecology of fungi and their roles in in global C sequestration for ecosystem sustainable development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139400189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaweed supplementation to organic dairy cows may reduce climate impact of manure in pasture soils during a laboratory incubation","authors":"Kyle A. Arndt,&nbsp;Diana C. Reyes,&nbsp;Charlotte T. C. Quigley,&nbsp;Andre F. Brito,&nbsp;Nichole N. Price,&nbsp;Alexandra R. Contosta","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enteric methane (CH₄) emissions are one of the largest components of the anthropogenic CH₄ budget, and with accelerating climatic changes, there are calls to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Certain seaweeds fed as supplements can reduce enteric CH₄ emissions from ruminant animals by as much as 80%; however, these studies have yet to analyze downstream impacts that may arise from the deposit of affected manures on pastures or agricultural fields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we conducted a 28-day soil and manure incubation utilizing manures collected from dairy cows in a seaweed feeding trial to analyze the impacts of manure on greenhouse gas fluxes and nutrient cycling. Cows were fed different diets with a control group (no seaweed supplementation), and a 3% and 6% by dry-weight seaweed (<i>Chondrus crispus</i>) supplementation. Three soil moisture treatments were also tested, with a field moist capacity [67% gravimetric water content (GWC)], a drier group (50% GWC), and a saturated treatment (84% GWC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that manure from seaweed-fed cows reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and had similar emissions of methane and nitrous oxide to the control. Higher moisture levels increased CH₄ emissions and nitrous oxide emissions with CH₄ emissions trending higher in seaweed supplements trending higher in. Inorganic nitrogen turnover varied more based on moisture levels than seaweed supplements, as did the magnitude of methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Total carbon and nitrogen mostly decreased except in the 3% seaweed supplementation, which increased carbon and nitrogen with a drop in C:N in the 50% GWC group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seaweed supplements may partially reduce climate impacts of manures from cows fed seaweed supplements or at least not cause harm or impact manure quality. Given feeds may reduce enteric CH₄ emissions, they may be a part of a successful strategy to reduce climate impacts of cattle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"456-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138571015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and evolutionary inferences from aphid microbiome analyses depend on methods and experimental design","authors":"Adrian Wolfgang,&nbsp;Ayco J. M. Tack,&nbsp;Gabriele Berg,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelfattah","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aphids play an important role in agroecological contexts as pests and vectors of plant diseases. Aphid performance is closely connected to microbial endosymbionts that provide different benefits or costs to both the aphids and their hosts plants. Furthermore, the microbiome of aphids is connected to soil microbiomes via the plant. Aphid microbiome experiments usually include a pooling step, where several individuals are sequenced together to obtain sufficient DNA concentrations but pooling may blur intraspecific variations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the effects of sequencing single versus pooled aphids on the results of microbiome analyses, we compared 16S rRNA/ITS amplicon libraries from pooled and single oak aphids (<i>Tuberculatus annulatus</i> HARTIG) under three different soil treatments. We tested whether results quantitatively or qualitatively depend on pooling aphids, prevalence-based in silico filtering or removal of the primary endosymbiont (<i>Buchnera aphidicola</i>). <i>Buchnera</i> phylogeny, prevalence and abundance of secondary endosymbionts and effects of soil microbiota were investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pooling leads to quantitative differences in bacteria and qualitative differences in fungal species richness, bacterial community composition and partially fungal community composition. Filtering-dependent results were obtained for bacterial evenness. <i>Buchnera</i> phylogeny supports the hypothesis of cospeciation of primary endosymbionts in oak aphids. We detected <i>Arsenophonus</i>, <i>Hamiltonella</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i>, <i>Rickettsiella</i>, <i>Serratia</i> and <i>Sphingopyxis</i> in oak aphids, with their prevalence and abundance partially affected by pooling. Pooling leads to overestimating the frequency of multispecies endosymbiont infections, while underestimating their relative abundance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We hereby extend our view on non-model aphid microbiomes and identify pitfalls in experimental design in aphid microbiome research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138571056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant opportunities for tree crop expansion on marginal lands in the Midwest, USA","authors":"Bhuwan Thapa,&nbsp;Sarah Lovell,&nbsp;Ronald Revord,&nbsp;Phillip Owens,&nbsp;Michael Gold,&nbsp;Nicholas Meier","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tree crop orchards can help diversify the monocropping practices in agricultural lands such as the Midwestern region of the United States which is currently dominated by corn-soybean rotation. These crops can not only expand farm income but also help stabilize soil, purify water, and provide other ecosystem services. Despite these benefits, tree crops as agroforestry systems are not widely established in the region. Identifying marginal land that is more suitable for tree crops over row crops can help the growers and the environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the case of Missouri, USA, this study mapped marginal land for nut-producing tree crops using a three-step process. The first step includes the identification of marginal land suitable for a wide variety of tree crops. The second step involved GIS-based multicriteria analysis of biophysically suitable areas for three commercially viable tree species, that is, eastern black walnut, pecan, and Chinese chestnut. The final step maps the marginal land for tree crops based on their suitability to grow under different environmental vulnerabilities, mainly flooding, erosion, and sloped conditions. The Gridded Soil Survey Geographic Database developed by the United States Department of Agriculture provided information on soil biophysical and environmental characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spatial analysis showed that Missouri has around 16,000 sq. km of land suitable for Black walnut, followed by 10,801 sq. km and 4587 sq. km for pecan and Chinese chestnut, respectively. The study found very few tree crop orchards on these marginal lands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are ample opportunities to expand tree crops on marginal cropland. Converting these lands to tree crops could provide communities with economic, human health, and environmental benefits. This multistep methodology could serve as a screening tool to identify tree-cropping areas for environmental improvement and rural America's economic revitalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"412-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest restoration decouple soil C:N:P stoichiometry but has little effects on microbial biodiversity globally","authors":"Ximei Han,&nbsp;Kaiyan Zhai,&nbsp;Shengen Liu,&nbsp;Hongyang Chen,&nbsp;Yanghui He,&nbsp;Zhenggang Du,&nbsp;Ruiqiang Liu,&nbsp;Dingqin Liu,&nbsp;Lingyan Zhou,&nbsp;Xuhui Zhou,&nbsp;Guiyao Zhou","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forest restoration is an effective way to promote ecosystem functions and mitigate climate change. However, how forest restoration affect soil C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial biodiversity, as well as their linkage across contrasting forest types globally remains largely illusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here we conducted a global meta-analysis by synthesizing 121 published papers with 1649 observations to explore how forest restoration affect soil C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial biodiversity globally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forest restoration significantly increased soil total carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content, whereas having no significant impact on most microbial diversity indicator, except for an enhancement in bacterial operational taxonomic unit and fungal Simpson. Meanwhile, forest restoration effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry varied with different forest types, with promoting more soil C and P in ectomycorrhizal than those in arbuscular mycorrhizal forests. Meanwhile, forest restoration induced changes in soil N and P were positively correlated with microbial Shannon index. More importantly, forest restoration effects on soil C:N:P stoichiometry and microbial biodiversity were regulated by climate factors such as mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the crucial role of forest restoration in decoupling the biogeochemical cycles of C, N and P through changes in microbial biodiversity. Therefore, incorporating the decouple effects of forest restoration on soil C:N:P stoichiometry into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate–forest feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"468-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of distinct response of soil viral community to a plant infection and the disease pathobiome","authors":"Zhen-Zhen Yan,&nbsp;Juntao Wang,&nbsp;Jinsong Liang,&nbsp;Bruna D. Batista,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu,&nbsp;Chao Xiong,&nbsp;Simranjit Kaur,&nbsp;Catriona A. Macdonald,&nbsp;Brajesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12079","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the abundance and ubiquity of viruses in terrestrial ecosystems, the roles of soil viruses in ecosystem functions and plant diseases remain understudied. Here, we used 42 pairs of bulk soil and rhizosphere samples collected from cotton fields with different <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> infection conditions to investigate the responses of soil viruses to soilborne fungal pathogen infections. We found that <i>V. dahliae</i> infection significantly impacted the characteristics of rhizosphere viral community but not bulk soil community. In addition, our results revealed that unlike current knowledge of the impacts of plant pathogens on soil bacterial and fungal communities, the soil viral community demonstrated a lower viral network vulnerability to infection. Importantly, we provided evidence that soil viruses are a potentially important component of the pathobiome of plant disease which may help pathogen invasion and promote disease symptoms. Our study highlights distinct response of viral community and has implications for future plant disease management and agricultural productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"382-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the connectivity between rhizosphere microbiomes and the plant genes: A way forward for sustainable increase in primary productivity","authors":"Ayomide E. Fadiji,&nbsp;Rutwik Barmukh,&nbsp;Rajeev K. Varshney,&nbsp;Brajesh K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plant genome and its microbiome act together to enhance survival and promote host growth under various stresses. Plant microbiome plays an important role in plant productivity via a multitude of mechanisms including provision of nutrients and resistance against different biotic and abiotic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for plant microbiome interactions remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, gaining a deeper understanding of the plant genetic traits driving microbiome recruitments and assembly holds the potential to greatly enhance our capacity to utilize the microbiome effectively, leading to sustainable improvements in agricultural productivity and produce quality. This article explores the mutual influence of specific plant genes in modulating the rhizosphere (area around plant roots) microbiome, and how this rhizosphere microbiome impacts the plant genes, ultimately enhancing plant health and productivity. It further examines the effects of various rhizosphere microbiota, including <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Azospirillum</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., on plant development, immunology and the expression of host functional genes. We conclude that the adoption of a hologenomics approach (i.e., considering both the plant genome and the genomes of all microorganisms colonizing the plant) can significantly advance our understanding of plant resistance and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. This approach can offer improved solutions for agronomic challenges in the future. Furthermore, within this context, we identify key knowledge gaps within the discipline and propose frameworks that may be employed in the future to harness plant–microbial interactions effectively, leading to a sustainable increase in farm productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"424-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the salt stress response of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum): Pathways, differentially expressed genes and transcription factors","authors":"Faten Dhawi","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) plays a crucial role as a cereal crop in arid and semi-arid regions, where it confronts the formidable challenge of salt stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms that underpin its salt stress resilience, we subjected 14-day-old seedlings to three distinct groups: Control, 75 mM NaCl and 150 mM NaCl. These pots received daily irrigation with their respective treatment solutions for a duration of 7 days. Following this week-long treatment, we measured plant chlorophyll content, as well as the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. It became evident that the saline treatment, particularly in the 150 mM NaCl group, had a more pronounced impact on both weight and chlorophyll content in comparison to the control group, surpassing the effects observed in the 75 mM NaCl group. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequence analysis on the leaves of Pearl millet from both the control and 150 mM NaCl-treated groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed that 27.6% of <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> genes exhibited differential expression, with 3246 genes being upregulated and 7408 genes downregulated when compared to the control group. Principal component analysis underscored distinct variations in gene expression patterns between the control and salt-stressed groups. Pathway analysis sheds light on the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), highlighting their involvement in crucial pathways such as phytyl-PP biosynthesis, lysine degradation, glutamate biosynthesis, nitrate assimilation and DLO biosynthesis. Conversely, the downregulated DEGs were associated with pathways like coumarins biosynthesis, pinobanksin biosynthesis, UDP-\u0000<span>d</span>-glucuronate biosynthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis, among others. Furthermore, our transcription factor analysis unveiled specific families associated with the salt stress response, including bHLH, ERF, NAC, WRKY, bZIP, MYB and HD-ZIP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings represent a significant advancement in our comprehension of Pearl millet's capacity to withstand salt stress and provide potential targets for the development of salt-resistant crops, contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture in regions affected by salinity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"444-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135821688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}