Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Shifting the paradigm for phosphorus fertilization in the advent of the fertilizer crisis","authors":"Felipe Bastida,&nbsp;José A. Siles,&nbsp;Carlos García,&nbsp;Celia García-Díaz,&nbsp;José L. Moreno","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crop production and food security will be challenged by the availability of phosphate rock and its derived phosphorus (P) fertilizers in the coming decades. Croplands around the world have traditionally received huge amounts of P fertilizers. However, P can quickly become unavailable in soil due to its fast adsorption or fixation on the surface of soil particles. Here, we propose the use of microbially mediated mechanisms of soil-borne populations to solubilize historically accumulated P over years. We argue that microbially mediated solubilization of P can be enhanced through elemental imbalances that intentionally alter the soil carbon:nitrogen:P ratio, enabling a greater P demand by some soil microbial populations. This strategy may potentially reduce our dependence on conventional and exhausting P fertilizers, but the main caveats are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50145578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coapplication of water treatment residual and compost for increased phosphorus availability in arable sandy soils","authors":"Tariro Gwandu,&nbsp;Noxolo S. Lukashe,&nbsp;Jairos Rurinda,&nbsp;Wendy Stone,&nbsp;Stephen Chivasa,&nbsp;Catherine E. Clarke,&nbsp;Hatirarami Nezomba,&nbsp;Florence Mtambanengwe,&nbsp;Paul Mapfumo,&nbsp;Jan G. Steytler,&nbsp;Karen L. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil degradation coupled with poor access to organic nutrient resources remains a major constraint in increased crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, thus hindering the continent's efforts in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, particularly goals 1 (end poverty), 2 (zero hunger) and 3 (improve human health). Water treatment residual (WTR), a by-product of clean water treatment, has been identified as an alternative organic nutrient resource for crop production. However, there are some inconsistences in soil phosphorus (P) dynamics following aluminium WTR (Al-WTR) application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the P sorption of a sandy soil amended with 10% Al-WTR, 10% compost (C) as a quasi-control, 10% C + 10% Al-WTR (10% coamendment) and 5% C + 5% Al-WTR (5% coamendment) under varying levels of pH, particle size and P concentration. We calculated crop P fertilizer requirements under different amendments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results demonstrated that all amendments exceeded the minimum of 0.2 mg P L⁻¹ needed in soil solution at equilibrium to maintain plant growth. However, the maximum P sorption capacity was higher for 10% Al-WTR single amendment, ranging from 770 to 1000 mg P Kg⁻¹, and from 714 to 1000 mg P Kg⁻¹ and 555 to 909 mg P Kg⁻¹ for 10% and 5% coamendments, respectively, across a range of pH and soil particle size fractions. The coamendments showed a reduction in crop P fertilizer requirements by ranges of 30–60% and 60–70% for the 10% and 5% coamendment levels, respectively, across different pH and particle sizes, relative to 10% Al-WTR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results show that the use of 5% coamendment in sandy soils increases P availability sufficiently to improve crop yields. The results provide scope for using Al-WTR coamendments to rebuild soil health in sandy soils in urban agriculture and increase macronutrient provision in crops to support human health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50151979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When biodiversity preservation meets biotechnology: The challenge of developing synthetic microbiota for resilient sustainable crop production","authors":"Camilla Fagorzi,&nbsp;Iacopo Passeri,&nbsp;Lisa Cangioli,&nbsp;Francesca Vaccaro,&nbsp;Alessio Mengoni","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agriculture needs to develop novel strategies and practices to meet the increasing global food demand, in an ecological and economical sustainable framework. The plant-associated microbiota is gaining increasing attention as part of these strategies since it strongly contributes to plant health, nutrition, and resilience to environmental perturbations. However, plant domestication has brought to the reduction of the plant abilities to recruit a beneficial microbiota. It is becoming clear that successful use of the plant microbiota requires a multifaceted approach where microbiologist, geneticists, plant scientists, agronomists, and computational biologists can develop ways and solutions to modify both the plant microbiota and plant's ability to recruit it, directed to increase crop performances. Here, while briefly reviewing the state-of-the-art in plant microbiota research, we focus the attention on the need to discover, understand and use the microbiota associated with wild relatives of crops and with neglected crops, which harbour the microbiota biodiversity needed for developing efficient bioinoculant solutions. In particular, we emphasize the convergence of in situ plant biodiversity preservation with microbiome preservation, which provides added value to nature and habitat conservation, as living collections of microbiome biodiversity. The heuristic value of bioinoculants (viz., synthetic communities) and the need of proper computational models to predict the outcome of their applications is also discussed toward a systems-biology-guided synthetic microbiota development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dredged sediments contain potentially beneficial microorganisms for agriculture and little harmful cyanobacteria","authors":"Megan A. Rúa,&nbsp;Ashley N. Julian,&nbsp;Louise Stevenson","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soils worldwide are degrading, raising concerns about our ability to feed the growing global population. Soil amendments that can alleviate degradation are gaining attention. The application of sediments dredged from waterways to agricultural fields has increasing promise as a means for improving degraded soils. However, herbaceous plant species may have difficulty establishing on dredged material because of low nutrient availability, inhibitory levels of toxins, unsuitable moisture conditions and lack of microorganisms capable of ameliorating these characteristics. To counteract these issues, we sought to understand if the use of a cover crop would increase the abundance, diversity and function of beneficial soil microorganisms compared to harmful microorganisms in dredged sediments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected soil samples from two 100% dredged sediment plots, one where winter cereal rye (<i>Secale cereal)</i> was grown as a winter cover crop and one left fallow over the winter, followed by traditional corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) planting. We sampled both plots three times during the growing season: before cover crop application, following cover crop application but before corn planting and following final corn harvest. We then used high-throughput sequencing to identify the bacterial and fungal communities present in the samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data show that cover crop application did not alter the microbial community in these plots. However, sampling time decreased species diversity and altered the composition of both fungal and bacterial communities recovered from these plots. Across both plots, microorganisms associated with carbon cycling were more abundant than those associated with harmful effects, including microcystin-producing cyanobacteria, which were an extremely small portion of the overall community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our work suggests that dredged sediments have the potential to improve soil function through the addition of microorganisms associated with nutrient cycling, but a cover crop is not necessary to incur these benefits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50127368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning for sustainable agriculture needs ecology and human involvement","authors":"Masahiro Ryo,&nbsp;Josepha Schiller,&nbsp;Stefan Stiller,&nbsp;Juan Camilo Rivera Palacio,&nbsp;Konlavach Mengsuwan,&nbsp;Anastasiia Safonova,&nbsp;Yuqi Wei","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep learning is an emerging data analytic tool that can improve predictability, efficiency and sustainability in agriculture. With a bibliometric analysis of 156 articles, we show how deep learning methods have been applied in the context of sustainable agriculture. As a general publication trend, China and India are leading countries for publication, international collaboration is still minor. Deep learning has been popularly applied in the context of smart agriculture across scales for individual plant monitoring, field monitoring, field operation and robotics, predicting soil, water and climate conditions and landscape-level monitoring of land use and crop types. We identified that the potential of deep learning had been investigated mainly for predicting soil (abiotic), water, climate and vegetation dynamics, but ecological characteristics are critically understudied. We also highlight key themes that can be better addressed with deep learning for fostering sustainable agriculture: (i) including above- and belowground ecological dynamics such as ecosystem functioning and ecotone, (ii) evaluating agricultural impacts on other ecosystems and (iii) incorporating the knowledge and opinions of domain experts and stakeholders into artificial intelligence. We propose that deep learning needs to go beyond automatic data analysis by integrating ecological and human knowledge to foster sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50134297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management practice and soil properties affect plant productivity and root biomass in endophyte-symbiotic and endophyte-free meadow fescue grasses","authors":"Sanna Keronen,&nbsp;Marjo Helander,&nbsp;Kari Saikkonen,&nbsp;Benjamin Fuchs","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pesticides are increasingly used in intensely managed agro-environments, with an increasingly acknowledged impact on crop production, root establishment and plant resilience. At the same time management practices are intensified with the goal to maximize productivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a greenhouse, we studied the effects of three mowing regimes (uncut, and cutting 5 or 15 cm) employed three times during the season on root and shoot biomass and chlorophyll content of the cool-season grass <i>Festuca pratensis</i> (meadow fescue) growing in soil with a history of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) use, the corresponding control soil, and sterilized control soil. Half of the plants hosted a systemic and vertically transmitted fungal endophyte, <i>Epichloë uncinata</i>, which is known to promote host grass growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endophyte symbiosis did not affect any tested plant parameters. Cutting the plants to 5 cm decreased both root and cumulative shoot biomass. Herbicide soil history, together with intense cutting (5 cm), caused a decrease in shoot biomass and lowered the chlorophyll content. Surprisingly, soil sterilization boosted shoot biomass and chlorophyll concentrations during less intense cutting (15 cm) and noncutting when compared to the control soil. Root biomass reduced in uncut plants when growing in soil with a history of glyphosate use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that GBH residues in the soil can diminish shoot biomass when grass is frequently cut. Decreased root biomass caused by soil glyphosate history goes together with a reduction of carbon allocation belowground, which decreases grassland resilience to climate warming, increasingly occurring droughts and extreme weather events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Sorghum bicolor (L.) grain yield with the use of field edge rainwater harvesting and NPK fertiliser in a dry region of Zimbabwe","authors":"Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera,&nbsp;George Nyamadzawo,&nbsp;Ronald Mandumbu,&nbsp;Letticia Kudzai Kokerai","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Farmers in marginalised areas across Africa are mainly resource poor and have limited capacity to procure enough inorganic fertilisers. This contributed immensely towards declining crop productivity causing food insecurity. Soil moisture stress is another key factor which has led to a decline in crop yields across semi-arid areas. This experiment determines the effects of field edge rainwater harvesting and NPK fertiliser microdosing on sorghum grain yields and agronomic nutrient use efficiency of two sorghum varieties (Macia and SV1). Rainwater harvesting techniques was the main plot factor with three levels (tied contour, infiltration pits and standard contour), sorghum variety was used as subplot factor with two levels (Macia and SV1) and NPK fertiliser as sub-sub plot factor with five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha⁻¹) with all treatments replicated three times. A randomised complete block design arranged in split-plot was used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphorous was significantly increased from 3.32 to 3.52 mg kg⁻¹ with no significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) increase in total nitrogen and soil organic carbon. Sorghum grain yields were statistically (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) influenced by main treatment factors. Tied contour had considerably higher grain yield (861 kg ha⁻¹) than infiltration pits and standard contours. Highest grain yield of 909 kg ha⁻¹ was observed from plots applied 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPK fertiliser. Macia variety performed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) higher than SV1. Grain yields show significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increase with increasing fertiliser levels. Interaction of tied contour + Macia+ 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPK fertiliser had significant grain yields (1150 kg ha⁻¹) compared to other treatments. Treatments applied NPK fertiliser show significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than unfertilised plots. Agronomic nutrient use efficiencies were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) from all treatments applied 25 kg ha⁻¹ NPK fertiliser. Sorghum variety Macia had better nutrient use efficiency than SV1 in 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons except during 2019/20 where results show insignificant differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It can be concluded that farmers adopt the use of tied contour and Macia variety using 150 kg ha⁻¹ to achieved higher yields. Combining rainwater harvesting method of tied contour and mineral fertiliser can increase sorghum grain yields in dry regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50124618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different rainwater harvesting techniques for improved maize productivity in semi-arid regions of Zimbabwe with sandy soils","authors":"Pasipanodya Chiturike,&nbsp;George Nyamadzawo,&nbsp;Jephta Gotosa,&nbsp;Ronald Mandumbu,&nbsp;Innocent Wadzanayi Nyakudya,&nbsp;Friday Nguvayasvika Mudondo Kubiku,&nbsp;Andrew Tapiwa Kugedera","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize production in semi-arid areas has been hindered by moisture stress and poor soil fertility. Long frequent droughts and shortening of growing seasons have been causing yield reduction. Limited knowledge of soil water management by farmers is another key contributor to poor maize yields in the smallholder sector. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of contour-based and field-based water harvesting technologies on maize grain yield and rainwater use efficiency under rain-fed conditions on three farms (Jera, Kudzeeta and Manjengwa) with sandy soils in the Marange smallholder farming area of Zimbabwe. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replications at each site. Contour-based rainwater harvesting structures were the main treatments comprising tied contour (TC), standard contour (STDC) and infiltration pits (IP). Field-based rainwater harvesting structures were the subplot treatments comprising tied ridges (TR), pot holing (PH) and the flat system (FLAT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that the contour-based water harvesting structures significantly influenced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) maize grain yields. TCs had the highest maize grain yields compared with infiltration pits and STDCs over two cropping seasons. Maize yields on field-based TR were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than on the FLAT but were not different (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) with what was obtained on PH. The combination of TC and TR water harvesting technologies resulted in significantly higher maize yields (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) than other combinations. TR and STDC also gave higher maize grain yield at Jera farm which was significantly different from other two farms. Rainwater use efficiency followed the same trend as maize grain yields, with TC having higher values but not significantly different (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) from STDC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It can be concluded that farmers in semi-arid areas adopt a combination of TC with either TR or PH to improve rainwater use efficiency and maize yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50117819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 2022","authors":"Nico Eisenhauer,&nbsp;S. Franz Bender,&nbsp;Irene Calderón-Sanou,&nbsp;Franciska T. de Vries,&nbsp;Jonas J. Lembrechts,&nbsp;Wilfried Thuiller,&nbsp;Diana H. Wall,&nbsp;Romy Zeiss,&nbsp;Mohammad Bahram,&nbsp;Rémy Beugnon,&nbsp;Victoria J. Burton,&nbsp;Thomas W. Crowther,&nbsp;Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo,&nbsp;Stefan Geisen,&nbsp;Paul Kardol,&nbsp;Valentyna Krashevska,&nbsp;Carlos A. Martínez-Muñoz,&nbsp;Guillaume Patoine,&nbsp;Julia Seeber,&nbsp;Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia,&nbsp;Michael Steinwandter,&nbsp;Marie Sünnemann,&nbsp;Xin Sun,&nbsp;Marcel G. A. van der Heijden,&nbsp;Carlos A. Guerra,&nbsp;Anton Potapov","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much is unknown about how soil biodiversity and function will change in the future in response to simultaneous alterations in climate and land use, as well as other environmental drivers. It is crucial to understand the direct, indirect and interactive effects of global change drivers on soil communities and ecosystems across environmental contexts, not only today but also in the near future. This is particularly relevant for international efforts to tackle climate change like the Paris Agreement, and considering the failure to achieve the 2020 biodiversity targets, especially the target of halting soil degradation. Here, we outline the main frontiers related to soil ecology that were presented and discussed at the thematic sessions of the World Biodiversity Forum 2022 in Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple frontiers of knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, soil biodiversity and function scenarios, critical soil biodiversity facets, underrepresented drivers, global collaboration, knowledge application and transdisciplinarity, as well as policy and public communication. These identified research priorities are not only of immediate interest to the scientific community but may also be considered in research priority programmes and calls for funding.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74021459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance to semi-natural habitats matters for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wheat roots and wheat performance in a temperate agricultural landscape","authors":"Karin Pirhofer Walzl,&nbsp;Masahiro Ryo,&nbsp;Larissa Raatz,&nbsp;Jana S. Petermann,&nbsp;Arthur Gessler,&nbsp;Jasmin Joshi,&nbsp;Matthias C. Rillig","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/sae2.12032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proximity of semi-natural habitats and agricultural fields in an agricultural landscape leads to unavoidable biological, chemical, and physical interactions. Fungi can negatively influence, but also support crop growth in agricultural fields. Therefore, in this field study we investigated the colonisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non-AM fungi in winter-wheat roots as well as winter-wheat performance in distance to semi-natural habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sampled in an intensively managed agricultural landscape in North-east Germany along agricultural transition zones, that is, along 50 m-transects from semi-natural habitats like hedgerows and glacially created in-field ponds—so-called kettle holes—into agricultural fields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To our knowledge, we show for the first time that AM fungal colonisation in winter-wheat roots decreased linearly with increasing distance to semi-natural habitats while non-AM fungal root colonisation did not change. Winter-wheat grain yield and biomass slightly increased with increasing distance to hedgerows but not to kettle holes. This clearly shows that there is a difference between different crop performance parameters. Random forest machine learning algorithms confirmed the particular importance of distance to semi-natural habitats for AM fungal root colonisation and for winter-wheat grain yield. Less intensive agricultural management close to semi-natural habitats, for example, no herbicide and pesticide applications as a result of nature protection regulations, may partly explain this pattern. However, spatial response patterns of AM but not of non-AM fungi in wheat roots also point to changed ecological interactions close to semi-natural habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-natural and natural habitats in agricultural landscapes are slowly recognised not only to be important for biodiversity conservation, but also for sustainable crop production. Additionally, they may also be a tool for farmers and policy makers to improve sustainable landscape management. And agricultural transition zones are spatially and temporally complex dynamic ecosystems that should be the focus of further investigations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86298675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}