Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Association of social participation with physical and mental health status among Indian adults","authors":"Subhadeep Saha ,&nbsp;Priya Das ,&nbsp;Tanu Das ,&nbsp;Partha Das ,&nbsp;Tamal Basu Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introductions</h3><div>Social participation in different activities for individual older adult people increases the quality of life. But sometimes their age-related physical ailments and their background socio-demographic characteristics create barriers to participation in different societal activities. Little is known about what types of health and background conditions affect social participation in India. Therefore, the study inspects the prospective association between low social participation and different variables based on health and background strata among Indian people aged ≥45 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study applied cross-sectional data from the first wave (2017-18) of LASI. The main purpose of the survey was to provide knowledge about the health, well-being, and socio-economic condition of Indian middle-aged and older adults. A sample of 55,449 middle-aged and older adults was viewed for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to find the odds of low social participation over explanatory variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, the likelihood of low social participation was positively associated with the risk of having low Activities in Daily Living [AOR: 1.16, CI: 1.05-1.27] and cognitive impairment [AOR:1.69, CI:1.55-1.84]. The likelihood of low social participation was notably higher among those who revealed the following health conditions, i.e., bone/joint surgery [AOR:1.28, CI:1.02-1.59], feeling depressed [AOR:1.15, CI:1.06-1.24], and poor eye-sight for distance-seeing [AOR:1.19, CI:1.07-1.32].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Quality care of individuals to combat several diseases and enhance their physical and mental health will reduce the incidence of low social participation. Opportunities in societal neighbourhoods may facilitate more involvement in social life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models for improving cancer diagnosis and management in primary health care settings","authors":"Albert Andrew,&nbsp;Ethan Tizzard","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, but diagnosing and treating it is often challenging. Barriers such as multiple consultations, overburdened healthcare systems, and limited cancer-specific training among primary health care clinicians significantly delay diagnoses and worsen outcomes. To address these challenges, health care must enhance patient and clinician knowledge while minimizing diagnostic and treatment delays. Emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), hold great promise in revolutionising cancer care by improving diagnosis, education, and patient management. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT offer exciting potential to enhance cancer care in three key areas: clinical decision-making, patient education and engagement, and access to oncology research. Studies suggest that ChatGPT-4's oncology-related performance approaches that of medical professionals, enabling it to assist in decision-making, improve outcomes, and streamline cancer care. These tools can help clinicians rule out potential cancer diagnoses based on symptoms and history, reducing unnecessary tests and consultations. Additionally, specialised LLMs can provide accessible, understandable information for patients while disseminating cutting-edge research to clinicians. Despite their potential, LLMs face notable limitations. Output quality varies based on the type of cancer or treatment, the specificity of questions, and phrasing. Many LLMs produce responses requiring advanced literacy, limiting accessibility. Moreover, AI bias remains a concern; training on biased data could perpetuate healthcare inequalities, leading to harmful recommendations. Accountability is another critical issue—the ability for LLMs to produce errors in its outputs raise questions about responsibility, highlighting the need for safeguards and clear frameworks to ensure equitable and reliable AI integration into cancer care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epiploic appendagitis: A case report and review of diagnostic challenges","authors":"Usamah Al-Anbagi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Saad ,&nbsp;Tarek Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Abdulqadir J. Nashwan","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epiploic appendagitis is a rare, self-limiting inflammatory condition affecting the epiploic appendages, which often mimics other acute abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis, creating a diagnostic challenge for healthcare providers. In this case, a 37-year-old male presented with sharp, non-radiating right lower quadrant abdominal pain lasting two days, accompanied by nausea. Upon physical examination, localized tenderness was noted without signs of rebound or guarding. A contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a 2.5 cm ovoid lesion with fatty stranding on the cecum wall, along with adjacent reactive lymph nodes, confirming the diagnosis of epiploic appendagitis. Given its rarity, this condition should be included in the differential diagnosis for acute abdominal pain, as accurate diagnosis through appropriate imaging can prevent unnecessary surgical interventions and ensure effective management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next viral pandemic: A call for global preparedness","authors":"Hassan Karami ,&nbsp;Mina Soleimani,&nbsp;Negar Nayerain Jazi,&nbsp;Kiana Navi,&nbsp;Rojina Sajadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Fazeli,&nbsp;Golara Pagheh,&nbsp;Samane Ostadhadi Dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global emergence of several major viral disease outbreaks over the last two decades represents how infectious diseases alarmingly threaten human health despite significant progress in medical advances in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to address the threat of the next viral pandemic and draw global attention to invest in research, development, and implementation of risk-reduction interventions to harness the benefits of preparedness plans aimed at minimizing the potential spread of viruses to previously affected and even unaffected regions of the world and reducing the burden of future global outbreaks. Here, we discuss six pillars of preparedness including enhancing monitoring and surveillance capabilities, developing diagnostic tools, building a robust and well-resourced healthcare system, developing effective medical countermeasures (Vaccines and treatments), and improving collaboration and financial support at both local and global levels. This letter calls for global preparedness to ensure an effective, timely, and coordinated response to future viral threats with significant importance to public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet fads and supplements: Navigating the allure, risks, and reality","authors":"Jagdish Khubchandani,&nbsp;Kavita Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diet fads and supplements have become an integral part of modern health culture, growing steadily in popularity over the years. What started as relatively simple practices has now evolved into a booming industry, driven by societal pressures, technological advancements, and changing cultural ideals. From promises of quick weight loss to claims of improved health and longevity, these products and practices often come with bold assertions. However, many of these claims lack the support of strong scientific evidence, leaving consumers vulnerable to misinformation, unrealistic expectations, and potential health risks. This editorial dives into the several pertinent questions and issues associated with the use of diet fads and supplements and their growing popularity. Consumers must approach these products and fads with a critical mindset, healthcare providers need to offer evidence-based and culturally sensitive guidance, and regulators should enforce stricter measures to combat false advertising and ensure consumer safety. Collaborative research is vital to uncover long-term effects, address gaps in knowledge, and shape public policies that protect consumers as it relates to diet supplements and fads. The global public health community of scholars and practitioners has to address with urgency the challenges posed by diet fads and supplements to safeguard consumer public health in an ever-evolving marketplace of health-related products and trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of brainstem encephalitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a young female","authors":"Muhammad Nawaz Khan ,&nbsp;Muniba Fatima ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mubashir ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Sinaan Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a rare case of autoimmune brainstem encephalitis, a serious inflammatory condition affecting the brainstem, in a 20-year-old female simultaneously with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Brainstem encephalitis can be caused by various infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and paraneoplastic syndromes. When associated with autoimmune disorders, its diagnosis and management can be challenging.Symptoms typically include those of the underlying autoimmune disorder, along with features of encephalitis such as headache, altered consciousness, fever, seizures, and cranial nerve involvement. Our patient presented with fever, seizures, and signs indicative of SLE, which were later confirmed through various antibody profiles. The patient was treated with steroids and immunosuppressants, showing a positive response, and was eventually discharged. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches employed to manage symptoms and address the disease. Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis caused by SLE is a rare but potentially morbid condition, often diagnosed late. Looking out for specific signs and symptoms leads to prompt diagnosis and timely management. SLE encephalitis is rarely reported and poorly understood.Therefore, further research is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revised clinical standards for assessing sepsis: Serum iron level as an emerging biomarker","authors":"Maham Bilal,&nbsp;Ali Ait Hssain,&nbsp;Abdulqadir J. Nashwan","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is a vital trace element for basic human and bacteria processes. Iron metabolism is altered in sepsis, decreasing iron export and increasing iron transport and cell uptake. As a defense against circulating infections, intracellular iron sequestration restricts their availability. Although iron retention has been shown to have protective effects, an upsurge in labile iron may result in oxidative injury and cell death (e.g., pyroptosis and ferroptosis) as the condition worsens. A recent meta-analysis has revealed a correlation between high serum iron levels and intensive care unit mortality. However, low serum iron levels have traditionally been associated with increased mortality rates. This letter highlights the need for further research to re-evaluate this contradictory finding and comprehend sepsis's pathophysiological mechanisms. We emphasize the need for additional knowledge to make serum iron levels a valuable prognostic and diagnostic marker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variations in and predictive values of ABG results prior to in-hospital cardiac arrest","authors":"Mina Attin ,&nbsp;Jie Ren ,&nbsp;Chad Cross ,&nbsp;Sidath Kapukotuwa ,&nbsp;Ryan Shao ,&nbsp;Peter G. Kaufmann ,&nbsp;C.D. (Joey) Lin ,&nbsp;Kim Arcoleo","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has been understudied relative to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Further, studies of IHCA have mainly focused on a limited number of pre-arrest patient characteristics (e.g., demographics, number and types of comorbidities). Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, one of the most common diagnostic tests for assessing and managing critically or acutely ill hospitalized patients, reflects pathophysiological changes associated with adverse events or complications, including IHCA. Yet the predictive and prognostic values of patterns of pre-arrest ABG parameters for IHCA have not been fully studied. The purpose of this retrospective pilot cohort study was to investigate temporal variations in and predictive values of pre-IHCA ABG values among patients with a history of cardiopulmonary diseases. Eligible patients had a history of structural heart disease, heart failure, or pulmonary diseases. Patients were excluded if their IHCA was due to trauma, drug overdose, hypothermia, drowning, chronic terminal illness such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus, or bleeding not caused by hemorrhage in the brain or heart. Also collected were dates, times, and causes of mechanical intubation prior to IHCA and causes of mortality. Co-primary outcomes were initial rhythms of IHCA and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We conducted a pilot study and the ABG results (pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;], partial pressure of oxygen [PaO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;], bicarbonate [HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;] , and lactate) from each of the 3 days prior to IHCA were extracted from the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients (N = 44) who had experienced IHCA at a single medical center. To characterize differences in ABG parameters among study days, coefficients of variation (CVs) were compared using the modified likelihood ratio test (MLRT) using the worst ABG values. Linear regression models were run for the continuous ABG parameters and logistic regression models for the dichotomous ABG variables. Overall model effect and least squares means, SDs, mean differences within and between days (with 95 % confidence intervals), &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-values and effect sizes were reported for continuous variables. For categorical variables, estimates and standard errors, 95 % confidence intervals, Wald X2 variables and &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-values were presented. The CVs for pH, PaCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; differed significant between study days (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt;.05). The least squares means with 95 % confidence intervals for pH and lactate differed significantly in days (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt;.01). Moderate to large effect sizes were obtained for all ABG parameters. Arterial lactate predicted initial rhythm (shockable versus non-shockable) and ROSC, while pH and HCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt; predicted ROSC. Results demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of significant variability in ABG parameters across 72 h prior to IH","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental diagnosis of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome complicated with pyocolpos","authors":"Osama Dukmak ,&nbsp;Hamza A. Abdul-Hafez ,&nbsp;Hamsa Abed ,&nbsp;Najlaa Abdul-Hafez","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a rare congenital anomaly typically presenting after menarche, often with symptoms like abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, infertility, or spontaneous abortion. In some cases, HWWS is discovered incidentally on imaging. Here, we report the case of a 19-year-old female with a known history of a congenital single kidney who presented with delayed fertility and an abnormal ultrasound that showed a bicornuate uterus and fluid collection. Further imaging and surgical assessment revealed uterus didelphys, a right transverse vaginal septum, and pyocolpos, consistent with HWWS. Management involved draining the fluid collection, followed by pregnancy-related care. This case emphasizes the importance of routine evaluations and considering a broad differential diagnosis that includes rare congenital anomalies like HWWS. This condition results from a failure of Müllerian duct fusion and can present with various symptoms, including cyclic pelvic pain and hematocolpos due to an obstructed hemivagina. Although our patient was asymptomatic, her HWWS was identified during fertility evaluation, highlighting the challenges of diagnosing congenital anomalies and the need for surgical expertise in their management. HWWS often presents with fertility challenges and requires radiographic imaging for accurate diagnosis, with surgical intervention as the primary treatment approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of post COVID-19 pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm: a report of two cases","authors":"Khurram Khaliq Bhinder,&nbsp;Atif Iqbal Rana,&nbsp;Haider Ali,&nbsp;Zahid Amin Khan,&nbsp;Jamshaid Anwar,&nbsp;Ahmad Ammar Afzal,&nbsp;Maria Rauf","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulmonary pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are potentially life-threatening entity. Pulmonary pseudoaneurysm (PAP) post-COVID-19 infection is a rare complication with only a few case reports. Here, we describe two such patients who were successfully treated with embolization using pushable coils. Our first patient was a 72-year-old male who presented with massive hemoptysis two months after COVID-19 pneumonia. CT tomography angiography showed a thick-walled cavitary lesion with a bilobed pseudoaneurysm arising from the posterior segmental branch of the right lower lobe pulmonary artery. In our second case, a 66-year-old female presented with hemoptysis two month after COVID-19 infection. Chest CT showed extensive pulmonary opacities. This patient also had a pseudoaneurysm of the posterior segmental branch of the right lower lobe pulmonary artery. Both patients were treated with embolization using pushable coils to achieve occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm and its feeding artery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}