Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Targeted violence against community health workers: A critical barrier to Pakistan’s polio eradication goals","authors":"Rafay Ali Syed,&nbsp;Javaria Qazi","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Workplace violence is a significant occupational risk faced by healthcare personnel in community-based settings, posing a global public health threat. Pakistan, one of the few countries, where polio remains endemic has faced targeted violence against polio workers, hindering its progress in eradicating the disease. This violence has profoundly impacted vaccination campaigns, leading to a resurgence of polio cases and the tragic loss of over 200 polio vaccination workers and security officials in recent years. Such violence not only endangers lives but also hampers vaccination initiatives creating fear among workers and reducing immunization coverage, particularly in high-risk areas. The history of these attacks intensified by a breach of trust has compounded resistance from militant groups and the spread of misinformation. Cultural norms, gender-based resistance, and socio-economic vulnerabilities further impede vaccination efforts. This letter proposes the use of community-based approaches such as employing voluntary community mobilizers (VCMs) to enhance public trust and vaccination coverage through strategies including the establishment of polio immunization centers in vulnerable areas, strengthening multi-sectoral partnerships, involving local influencers to address community concerns and implementing safety measures and incentives for health workers. These strategies aim to improve worker safety, promote vaccine acceptance, and ensure sustainable progress toward a polio-free Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing of cancer models for drug discovery: Advancements, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Tolu Fanibuyan,&nbsp;Abdulbasit Opeyemi Muili,&nbsp;Alimi Kehinde Hikmat,&nbsp;Akinmeji Ayodeji,&nbsp;Ridwanullah Ajedamola Lawal,&nbsp;Mubarak Jolayemi Mustapha,&nbsp;Piel Panther Kuol","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of 3D printing technology has a great role in cancer research, offering massive opportunities for drug delivery and development. This commentary provides a well-detailed review of the advancements in 3D printing of cancer models, details their application in imitating the complex tumor microenvironment, and enables more meticulous pre-clinical drug testing. We discuss the various 3D printing techniques like “stereolithography”, “selective laser sintering”, and “fused deposition modeling” with their advantages, effects, and limitations. The commentary also makes headway on the critical problem in these vascular networks. In extension, we explore the future perspectives of 3D-printed cancer models, emphasizing the potential for personalized medicine and high–throughput screening. By accentuating these advancements and challenges, we aim to provide a roadmap for future research and development in the use of 3D printing for cancer drug discovery, contributing to more effective and patient-centric cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of social participation with physical and mental health status among Indian adults","authors":"Subhadeep Saha ,&nbsp;Priya Das ,&nbsp;Tanu Das ,&nbsp;Partha Das ,&nbsp;Tamal Basu Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introductions</h3><div>Social participation in different activities for individual older adult people increases the quality of life. But sometimes their age-related physical ailments and their background socio-demographic characteristics create barriers to participation in different societal activities. Little is known about what types of health and background conditions affect social participation in India. Therefore, the study inspects the prospective association between low social participation and different variables based on health and background strata among Indian people aged ≥45 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The current study applied cross-sectional data from the first wave (2017-18) of LASI. The main purpose of the survey was to provide knowledge about the health, well-being, and socio-economic condition of Indian middle-aged and older adults. A sample of 55,449 middle-aged and older adults was viewed for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to find the odds of low social participation over explanatory variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, the likelihood of low social participation was positively associated with the risk of having low Activities in Daily Living [AOR: 1.16, CI: 1.05-1.27] and cognitive impairment [AOR:1.69, CI:1.55-1.84]. The likelihood of low social participation was notably higher among those who revealed the following health conditions, i.e., bone/joint surgery [AOR:1.28, CI:1.02-1.59], feeling depressed [AOR:1.15, CI:1.06-1.24], and poor eye-sight for distance-seeing [AOR:1.19, CI:1.07-1.32].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Quality care of individuals to combat several diseases and enhance their physical and mental health will reduce the incidence of low social participation. Opportunities in societal neighbourhoods may facilitate more involvement in social life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of folate receptor and CD44 in targeting of docetaxel and paclitaxel fabricated conjugates for efficient cancer therapy","authors":"Amol Tatode ,&nbsp;Pranav R. Agrawal ,&nbsp;Jayshree Taksande ,&nbsp;Mohammad Qutub ,&nbsp;Tanvi Premchandani ,&nbsp;Milind Umekar ,&nbsp;Kishor Danao","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel target folate receptor and CD44 receptor are deliberated for effective as chemotherapeutic agents. Usually, these receptors are play a vital role in the functional condition such as cell adhesion, healing and inflammation process. Thus, to treat cancerous cell is most difficult by traditional method can be most easily treated with the use of folic acid and hyaluronic acid-linked chemotherapeutics. Also, the various problems associated with Paclitaxel and Docetaxel like inability to deliver at specific target, affection towards healthy cells, poor aqueous solubility, side effects and acquired drug resistance can be minimized with the use of this targeting technique. In recent years, various studies have been ongoing on minimizing the problems associated with the delivery of docetaxel and paclitaxel, and targeting therapy is one of them. This review gives a clear picture of the concept of targeting therapy for the efficient delivery of docetaxel and paclitaxel using folic and hyaluronic acid conjugates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unifying and linking data sources in medical and public health research","authors":"Kavita Batra,&nbsp;Vidhani S. Goel,&nbsp;Ana L. Reyes,&nbsp;Bertille Assoumou,&nbsp;Dodds P. Simangan,&nbsp;Farooq Abdulla,&nbsp;Deborah A. Kuhls","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data linkage methods, including probabilistic, deterministic, and hybrid are critical for linking medical and public health records, expanding data scope, and improving research outcomes. These methods differ in accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. This letter seeks to identify best practices for enhancing data quality and linkage rates in healthcare and public health research using these techniques. Data linkage enhances data quality by removing duplicates and correcting artifacts, facilitates cost-effective longitudinal studies by integrating existing data, and supports public health through person-oriented statistics and disease registries. Tools like \"RecordLinkage\" in R and EpiLink have advanced linkage accuracy, particularly in epidemiological studies. A PubMed search in November 2023 identified 176 studies, with 29 meeting inclusion criteria. Hybrid methods showed superior accuracy, with some studies achieving over 90 % linkage rates. Emerging AI-driven methods can further improved scalability, efficiency, and automation, employing privacy-preserving techniques like federated learning to address confidentiality concerns. However, challenges such as inconsistent data, incomplete identifiers, and technical complexities remain, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and robust ethical frameworks. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), tailored strategies such as enhancing health information systems, adopting open-source tools, and fostering regional collaborations are essential to address resource constraints. Initiatives like the Western Australian Data Linkage System exemplify the potential impact of linkage on healthcare and public health. Future research should focus on refining methods, integrating diverse datasets, and leveraging AI to improve linkage efficiency and reliability. By adopting best practices, data linkage can enhance decision-making, optimize interventions, and advance global health research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel determinants of linkage to care among pregnant women with opioid use disorder","authors":"Olajumoke Olarewaju,&nbsp;Samuel Tundealao","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy poses considerable risks for both the mother and the child, with rising opioid use among women of reproductive age in the United States. Although OUD is treatable, pregnant individuals frequently encounter obstacles like stigma, legal issues, and inadequate access to healthcare. This commentary examines the factors influencing access to treatment services for pregnant individuals with OUD. The proposed conceptual framework using the socioecological model emphasizes the intricate relationships among these multi-level determinants. At the individual level, social expectations of motherhood, internalized stigma, previous healthcare experiences, insufficient understanding of treatment alternatives, and absence of health insurance frequently establish substantial obstacles to care. At the interpersonal level, healthcare personnel's attitudes, training, and communication are crucial in establishing trust and promoting treatment adherence, while supportive social networks and family involvement enhance care engagement and resilience. Structurally, the systemic constraints, including the variability in Medicaid coverage, geographic inequities, and inadequate integration of prenatal and addiction care, impede access, exacerbated by punitive policies that stigmatize substance use during pregnancy. Comprehending these dynamics can guide treatments designed to enhance treatment linkage and results. Advocating for a compassionate, patient-centered methodology within healthcare systems is crucial for tackling this escalating public health epidemic and mitigating the stigma associated with opioid use during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models for improving cancer diagnosis and management in primary health care settings","authors":"Albert Andrew,&nbsp;Ethan Tizzard","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a leading cause of death globally, but diagnosing and treating it is often challenging. Barriers such as multiple consultations, overburdened healthcare systems, and limited cancer-specific training among primary health care clinicians significantly delay diagnoses and worsen outcomes. To address these challenges, health care must enhance patient and clinician knowledge while minimizing diagnostic and treatment delays. Emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), hold great promise in revolutionising cancer care by improving diagnosis, education, and patient management. Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT offer exciting potential to enhance cancer care in three key areas: clinical decision-making, patient education and engagement, and access to oncology research. Studies suggest that ChatGPT-4's oncology-related performance approaches that of medical professionals, enabling it to assist in decision-making, improve outcomes, and streamline cancer care. These tools can help clinicians rule out potential cancer diagnoses based on symptoms and history, reducing unnecessary tests and consultations. Additionally, specialised LLMs can provide accessible, understandable information for patients while disseminating cutting-edge research to clinicians. Despite their potential, LLMs face notable limitations. Output quality varies based on the type of cancer or treatment, the specificity of questions, and phrasing. Many LLMs produce responses requiring advanced literacy, limiting accessibility. Moreover, AI bias remains a concern; training on biased data could perpetuate healthcare inequalities, leading to harmful recommendations. Accountability is another critical issue—the ability for LLMs to produce errors in its outputs raise questions about responsibility, highlighting the need for safeguards and clear frameworks to ensure equitable and reliable AI integration into cancer care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet fads and supplements: Navigating the allure, risks, and reality","authors":"Jagdish Khubchandani,&nbsp;Kavita Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diet fads and supplements have become an integral part of modern health culture, growing steadily in popularity over the years. What started as relatively simple practices has now evolved into a booming industry, driven by societal pressures, technological advancements, and changing cultural ideals. From promises of quick weight loss to claims of improved health and longevity, these products and practices often come with bold assertions. However, many of these claims lack the support of strong scientific evidence, leaving consumers vulnerable to misinformation, unrealistic expectations, and potential health risks. This editorial dives into the several pertinent questions and issues associated with the use of diet fads and supplements and their growing popularity. Consumers must approach these products and fads with a critical mindset, healthcare providers need to offer evidence-based and culturally sensitive guidance, and regulators should enforce stricter measures to combat false advertising and ensure consumer safety. Collaborative research is vital to uncover long-term effects, address gaps in knowledge, and shape public policies that protect consumers as it relates to diet supplements and fads. The global public health community of scholars and practitioners has to address with urgency the challenges posed by diet fads and supplements to safeguard consumer public health in an ever-evolving marketplace of health-related products and trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revised clinical standards for assessing sepsis: Serum iron level as an emerging biomarker","authors":"Maham Bilal,&nbsp;Ali Ait Hssain,&nbsp;Abdulqadir J. Nashwan","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is a vital trace element for basic human and bacteria processes. Iron metabolism is altered in sepsis, decreasing iron export and increasing iron transport and cell uptake. As a defense against circulating infections, intracellular iron sequestration restricts their availability. Although iron retention has been shown to have protective effects, an upsurge in labile iron may result in oxidative injury and cell death (e.g., pyroptosis and ferroptosis) as the condition worsens. A recent meta-analysis has revealed a correlation between high serum iron levels and intensive care unit mortality. However, low serum iron levels have traditionally been associated with increased mortality rates. This letter highlights the need for further research to re-evaluate this contradictory finding and comprehend sepsis's pathophysiological mechanisms. We emphasize the need for additional knowledge to make serum iron levels a valuable prognostic and diagnostic marker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between women’s autonomy and reproductive health outcomes in India","authors":"Charu Tayal ,&nbsp;Rajesh Sharma ,&nbsp;Kusum Lata","doi":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In India, limited autonomy in maternal reproductive healthcare decision-making remains a persistent issue. This study investigates the impact of women’s autonomy in managing their healthcare on abortion history, knowledge of contraceptive methods, wanted pregnancy, and delivery via caesarean section in India.</div></div><div><h3>Data and methods</h3><div>The data for this study were extracted from two rounds of the Indian Demographic and Health Survey [DHS (2015–16) and DHS (2019–21)]. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and time interaction regression model were employed to investigate the association between women’s autonomy in managing their healthcare and access to reproductive healthcare services.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Women whose healthcare decisions were jointly managed with their husband/partner had higher odds of having a wanted pregnancy [OR = 1.64; p&lt;0.01] in 2015–16 and [OR = 1.29; p&lt;0.10] in 2019–21 compared to women who managed healthcare decisions alone. However, the significance of shared healthcare decision-making in predicting a wanted pregnancy diminished between 2015–16 and 2019–21. In 2015–16, the odds of delivery via caesarean section were lower for women who managed their healthcare jointly with their husband/partner [OR = 0.79; p&lt;0.05] and for those whose healthcare decisions were made by someone else [OR = 0.57; p&lt;0.01] compared to women who managed healthcare decisions alone. Additionally, in 2015–16 when healthcare decisions were made by the husband/partner alone, women had significantly lower odds of knowing contraceptive methods [OR = 0.48; p&lt;0.05] compared to when women managed healthcare decisions alone. Furthermore, in each round, women with higher levels of education, health insurance coverage, from wealthier households, and those whose husbands were educated and older at the time of childbirth, had higher odds of having contraceptive knowledge and a wanted pregnancy in India.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In summary, we found that when healthcare decisions were made solely by the husband or partner, women had significantly lower odds of being knowledgeable about contraceptive methods. Furthermore, we found that the odds of delivery via caesarean section were lower when women jointly managed their healthcare with their partner. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.7, which calls for universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, it is crucial to promote informed reproductive choices, enhance contraceptive knowledge, and increase access to reproductive healthcare services in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100804,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}