Can toothbrushing frequency impact the risk of diabetes mellitus?

Abstract

By 2015, an estimated 570 million people will be affected by diabetes mellitus (DM), positioning it as one of the most prevalent global diseases and reaffirming the urgent need for effective control measures. DM ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with its impact particularly severe in elderly populations and low- and middle-income countries. It is closely linked to the progression of comorbidities and systemic complications, including vascular, cardiac, renal, neurological, and ophthalmic problems, with a projected global financial burden of $673 billion annually over the coming decades. An underexplored yet significant approach to DM management is its relationship with oral health, which includes conditions such as exacerbated xerostomia, periodontitis, fungal infections, and an increased risk of cancer. The link between oral health and glycemic control is particularly evident in patients with periodontitis, who exhibit elevated inflammatory mediators that complicate diabetes management. Furthermore, inadequate oral hygiene habits worsen periodontal disease and are recognized as risk factors for DM. This association also contributes to increased pain, tooth loss, and diminished quality of life, further accelerating the development of comorbidities such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Promoting proper oral hygiene, particularly toothbrushing, as a preventive measure for periodontitis could play a pivotal role in controlling and preventing DM. Understanding the impact of these simple yet effective measures on the epidemiology of DM is essential. This communication highlights the importance of fostering public health policies and integrating dentists into multidisciplinary healthcare teams to improve systemic health outcomes and reduce long-term healthcare costs.