Journal of Government and Economics最新文献_第6页

U.S. Unemployment insurance through the Covid-19 crisis 新冠肺炎危机中的美国失业保险

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100069

Francesco Spadafora

{"title":"U.S. Unemployment insurance through the Covid-19 crisis","authors":"Francesco Spadafora","doi":"10.1016/j.jge.2023.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jge.2023.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Unemployment Insurance (UI) system in the United States has played a decisive lifeline role in effectively mitigating the economic and social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which prompted the largest expansion of UI programs in history, one that is unprecedented in scope, scale and cost. However, the crisis has once again exposed some well-known challenges of the program, perhaps best epitomized by the steady decline since the 1980s of both the recipiency rate and the wage replacement rate, which is partly related to the UI system's funding structure. As a result, on the eve of the pandemic less than one in three unemployed workers used to collect UI benefits – of lower amounts and often for shorter periods of time than before – despite that the average duration of unemployment had almost doubled in the aftermath of the Great Recession. The pandemic has also laid bare additional shortcomings – most notably in the effectiveness of the UI delivery infrastructure to provide timely and accurate payments – which have prompted further calls for modernizing the UI system. The objective of this paper is threefold: first, after a brief description of the main structural characteristics of the UI system, it compares the role played by UI in mitigating the impact of the 2008–09 Great Recession and the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic; second, it reviews the empirical evidence from the pandemic on potential demand-side (countercyclical stabilization) and supply-side (job-search disincentives) effects of emergency extensions of UI programs. Finally, it discusses the main lessons that the expansion of UI programs to respond to the pandemic can offer to inform – and enrich – the debate on whether and how to reform the UI system. The experience with the UI system provides fundamental lessons that can usefully inform the debate on whether and how to introduce – for example in Europe – a common unemployment insurance scheme for macroeconomic stabilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Government and Economics","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50184143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Active labor market as an instrument to reduce unemployment 积极的劳动力市场是降低失业率的工具

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100065

Manuchehr Irandoust

引用次数: 5

Erratum regarding missing Declaration of competing interest in previously published articles 关于先前发表的文章中遗漏竞争利益声明的勘误表

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100066

引用次数: 0

The background of political leaders and capital flight: Evidence from Africa, 政治领导人与资本外逃的背景：来自非洲的证据，

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100068

Ajoumessi Houmpe Donal

引用次数: 3

Does capital bear the burden of local corporate taxes? Evidence from Germany 资本承担当地企业税的负担吗？来自德国的证据

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100067

Aria Ardalan , Sebastian G. Kessing , Salmai Qari , Malte Zoubek

引用次数: 1

The nature of the market: The roads from taking to trading 市场的本质:从接受到交易的道路

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100061

Yi-Jiang Wang

引用次数: 1

Mitigating economic volatility: When building efficient financial markets should supersede conventional economic policy 减轻经济波动:建立有效的金融市场应取代传统的经济政策

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100059

M. Emranul Haque , Paul Middleditch , Shuonan Zhang

引用次数: 1

The origin of market and government, national policies towards globalization, compliance of fiscal rules, trade shocks and corruption, and effectiveness of government policies in smoothing economic volatility 市场和政府的起源，国家对全球化的政策，财政规则的遵从，贸易冲击和腐败，以及政府政策在平滑经济波动方面的有效性

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100062

Zhangkai Huang, David Daokui Li

引用次数: 0

Do governments stick to their announced fiscal rules? A study of Latin American and the Caribbean countries 政府是否会坚持他们宣布的财政规则?对拉丁美洲和加勒比国家的研究

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100058

Carolina Ulloa-Suarez , Oscar Valencia

{"title":"Do governments stick to their announced fiscal rules? A study of Latin American and the Caribbean countries","authors":"Carolina Ulloa-Suarez , Oscar Valencia","doi":"10.1016/j.jge.2023.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jge.2023.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a dataset that gathers information on whether and how Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have complied with or deviated from implemented fiscal rules. It provides annual data on fiscal rules for 14 LAC countries from 2000 to 2020, and it considers the design features of the rules and information about numerical compliance. It provides descriptive statistics reflecting the panorama of the fiscal rules implemented in LAC countries. Additionally, it calculates compliance rates across countries, years, and rules. On average, this study finds that compliance with rules aiming to constrain debt ratios and structural balances is the highest, while compliance with fiscal balance and expenditure rules is the lowest. Furthermore, the data collection process revealed that LAC countries still have room for discretion even when they subject their fiscal policy to rules. To address this problem, the paper proposes an adjusted compliance index that considers different elements that add degrees of discretion to the rule. The study finds that the numerical compliance rates of each country are likely to be over-estimated once discretionary actions are accounted for.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Government and Economics","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667319323000010/pdfft?md5=bd82062f9e0d22deea7de4de818589b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2667319323000010-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84252863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Understanding national-government policies regarding globalization: A trade-finance analysis 理解各国政府关于全球化的政策:贸易融资分析

Journal of Government and Economics Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jge.2023.100060

Assaf Razin

{"title":"Understanding national-government policies regarding globalization: A trade-finance analysis","authors":"Assaf Razin","doi":"10.1016/j.jge.2023.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jge.2023.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why different national governments have different policies regarding globalization? This is an important research topic of government and economics. In the paper, I analyze how different income groups have different attitudes towards globalization; and how such attitudes shape government policy. A standard example is that more openness in trade benefits the owners of a country's abundant factor, while reducing the income of the owners of the scarce factor. Welfare-state policy depends on which income group is politically dominant. The paper adopts the framework of a small open economy trading in goods and financial securities with the rest of the world, to provide a general-equilibrium analysis of income-based globalization attitudes for national welfare-state government policies. The analysis shows that different income groups have varied attitudes towards globalization, depending on trade-related and macro-related fundamentals. They are: (i) the degree of trade border frictions, (ii) the degree of international finance frictions, (iii) the relative factor abundance that determines the capital intensity of the country's exports; and, (iv) the domestic saving propensity on one hand, and the productivity of domestic investment, on the other hand-determining whether the country is a financial capital exporter or importer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100785,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Government and Economics","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667319323000034/pdfft?md5=1665689d59becdd65d7e856d8639bd5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667319323000034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78459571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4