Journal of Equine Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Why equestrians use auxiliary reins on horses, their biomechanical perceptions, and barriers to human behaviour change","authors":"Mikaela Tapuska ,&nbsp;Victoria Lindsay-McGee ,&nbsp;Inga Wolframm","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auxiliary reins (AR) such as draw- or side reins are commonly employed by equestrians but may cause equine welfare concerns. This study investigated behavioural factors underpinning AR usage and whether equestrians understand their biomechanical function. A mixed methods survey of 14–24 questions was circulated online via equestrian magazines and social media, collecting demographics, biomechanical knowledge, and behavioural factors relating to the use of AR. There were 570 responses from equestrians worldwide, with 344 (60.4 %) indicating that they had or would use AR. Univariable comparative statistics were performed between AR users and non-users. Participation in equestrian competition was significantly associated with the use of AR (<em>X</em>²(1, <em>n</em> = 570)= 20.42, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Equestrians who presently used or would use AR (n = 273) tended to have lower biomechanical knowledge scores than those who no longer used AR (n = 71), (W=11213, <em>p</em> = 0.029). Open text responses were analysed using thematic analysis, drawing on the Behaviour Change Wheel as a deductive framework. Most changes in a horse’s way of going in response to AR as reported by equestrians were not supported by scientific evidence. Social influence from those within an equestrian’s immediate environment and lack of physical riding or training skills were found to be primary drivers to start using AR. Once human behaviours were established, perceived horse characteristics and lack of rider ability were the most prominent barriers to reduced AR usage. Future research should focus on how to enhance rider knowledge and skill level, while creating a social environment that does not tolerate the inappropriate use of AR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A narrative review of practical recommendations regarding the impact of negative plantar angle on the longevity of sport horses","authors":"Natalia Domańska-Kruppa ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Stefanik ,&nbsp;Felix Domański-Kruppa ,&nbsp;Michał Szymczak","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The significance of hoof balance in preventing lameness in the distal limb is wellknown and widely described. This review provides an overview of the consequences of inappropriate phalangeal alignment and the improper orientation of the plantar surface of the coffin bone in the hind limb. Today's equine athletes work very close to the limits of the capability of some structures, and any deviations from the perfect conformation can contribute to the breakdown of these structures. Therefore, recognizing and managing a negative plantar angle is essential for the longevity and welfare of a horse's career. A comprehensive summary of this topic emphasizes how this issue affects rideability and health in sport horses. It also discusses future perspectives for developing new methods to study this problem. Monitoring hoof and posture morphology is essential for a proactive approach to horse welfare and soundness. Considering the increasing importance of injury prevention, we should cultivate interest in developing prehabilitation programs for horses with hind hooves imbalances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance withdrawal during psychotherapy incorporating equines: A preliminary investigation of the role of neurotransmitters during treatment","authors":"M.M. Friend ,&nbsp;M.C. Nicodemus ,&nbsp;C.O. Lemley ,&nbsp;C.A. Cavinder ,&nbsp;P. Prince ,&nbsp;K. Holtcamp","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substance withdrawal presents a barrier to substance use disorder (SUD) recovery in part due to symptoms implicating neurotransmitters and their metabolites. Despite this relationship, research investigating alternative treatments such as psychotherapy incorporating equines (PIE) have primarily targeted vital signs and cortisol concentrations. Previous research has also proposed benefits of human-horse physiological coupling, but the role of neurotransmitters in the relationship between humans and horses during PIE has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to characterize neurotransmitter concentrations of humans and horses throughout PIE in withdrawing SUD patients and determine neurotransmitter involvement in human-horse physiological coupling. Saliva samples were collected from humans (n = 6) and horses (n = 4) immediately prior to and following PIE sessions in the first and second week of SUD treatment. Concentrations of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in the second week of treatment increased (<em>P</em> = 0.04) in human participants, and concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and Homovanillic acid (HVA) decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.04; <em>P</em> = 0.03), which may be indicative of withdrawal symptoms improvement. Horses exhibited increased concentrations of 5-HT (<em>P</em> = 0.02) and decreased concentrations of 3-MT (<em>P</em> = 0.01), which could reflect positive interactions within PIE. Patients and horses also developed correlations in 5-HT (0.99, <em>P</em> = 0.05), DA (0.20, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) (0.70, <em>P</em> = 0.01), and glutamate (0.66, <em>P</em> = 0.02) concentrations over the course of PIE sessions, indicating human-horse coupling associated and providing support of physiological synchronization between humans and horses participating in PIE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine profiles of autologous protein solution (APS) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) from horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and healthy horses: A preliminary investigation","authors":"Valerie J. Moorman ,&nbsp;Julie Gordon ,&nbsp;Allen E. Page ,&nbsp;Amanda A. Adams ,&nbsp;Kelsey A. Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Middle-aged horses are commonly affected by joint disease, and within this population, endocrine disease, such as pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), is prevalent. PPID has also been shown to affect immune function. While orthobiologics such as autologous protein solution (APS) and autologous conditioned serum (ACS) have been used in this group, there is a gap in knowledge on how PPID affects the anti-inflammatory nature of these products. The main hypothesis of this study was that horses with PPID would have altered cytokine profiles in APS and ACS compared to healthy horses.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Six horses with previously diagnosed PPID and six healthy horses at a single farm had blood drawn aseptically and processed for APS and ACS per manufacturer’s directions. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β1, IGF-1) were determined in duplicate using validated immunoassays. Groups were compared with ANOVA, Student’s t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For both APS and ACS, there was no significant difference in any cytokine concentrations between PPID and healthy horses (P &gt; 0.06). When data from all horses were combined, there was a significantly higher concentration of TGF-β1 in APS (median: 8344 pg/mL) compared to ACS (median: 4617 pg/mL) (P = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>These data suggest PPID does not significantly change the cytokine profile of the APS and ACS preparations tested. These results support further investigation of orthobiologics in aged horses with PPID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of safety and the welfare of the horse in the use of a saddle pad with paraffin-oil inserts during ridden exercise","authors":"Elisabetta Porzio,&nbsp;Kübra Guidoni,&nbsp;Katia Cappelli,&nbsp;Francesca Beccati","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements have led to the development of various cooling devices for humans, specifically designed to lower systemic temperatures during sporting activities. It appears that wearable devices, featuring cooling inserts, may mitigate heat stress and enhance performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of a saddle pad with a paraffin oil cooling insert and its effects on physiological and behavioural parameters of ridden horses during a 20-min flatwork trial. Seven horses in active training for show jumping at amateur level underwent two training sessions, one using a standard saddle pad and one using the cooling system. During each trial, the ambient temperature and humidity were recorded in real-time. Physiological parameters were monitored, including heart rate during exercise, while behaviour assessment was conducted using a ridden ethogram. Thermographic imaging was used to evaluate the surface temperature distribution beneath the saddle before and after exercise. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to investigate the differences in the data with (OIL TRIAL) and without (STANDARD TRIAL) the cooling saddle pad. No significant differences were observed in heart rate between the two trials. Ethogram scores did not exceed the threshold for musculoskeletal pain, and thermographic images revealed similar thermal patterns that indicated no alteration in pressure between trials. The prototype saddle pad with paraffin oil insert appears safe and did not cause discomfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional anatomy of the equine thoracolumbar spine related to equine back rehabilitation","authors":"Lynne M. Harrison ,&nbsp;Albert Sole-Guitart,&nbsp;Ben Ahern,&nbsp;Lesley M. Goff","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Back pain and diseases of the spine are prevalent issues in sport horses, with diagnosis of the underlying pathology proving a challenge for the clinician. Historically, veterinary medicine, like human medicine, has concentrated on identifying the pain generator linked to specific anatomical lesions. However, significant work in human back pain patients has revealed that many cases exhibit no identifiable lesion on imaging, or that changes to images may not correlate with the patient’s pain. This has resulted in physiotherapy-led research focusing on effects of acute, sub-acute and chronic pain on spinal muscles, as well as the implications for rehabilitation. This review aims to summarize existing literature on muscular changes due to back pain in both human and equine patients, while exploring the physiotherapy-led rehabilitation principles tailored to the various stages of back pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of visual gait assessment of horses by physiotherapists","authors":"Anna Dubaniewicz-Pearce,&nbsp;Gillian Tabor,&nbsp;Emma Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beyond lameness grades, the qualitative features assessed by physiotherapists during observation of equine gait assessment are unknown and the methods used during observation of the gait assessment process have only been documented in textbooks. A qualitative methodology was used with eight members of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Animal Therapy being interviewed using a semi-structured approach. The interviews consisted of the assessment of six equine gait videos (part A) and a series of exploratory questions (part B). The data were transcribed, with part A data catalogued and part B data analysed using thematic analysis. Features identified during gait assessment were catalogued according to each gait and viewing aspect, with consistent key features tabulated. Six themes were identified as representative of the gait assessment process used by participants, relating to the purpose of gait assessment, initial and routine methods used, progression thereof and communication and collaboration with the equine interdisciplinary team. These data highlight various factors that influence and limit the gait assessment process when used as an outcome measure. Visual assessment of equine gait is standard practice and was found to be individualized and therefore specific to the horse and owner, with physiotherapists using evidence informed practice. Physiotherapists aim to continually work within scope of practice and communicate gait assessment findings with veterinarians and interdisciplinary team members. In identifying key features assessed and methods used by physiotherapists during equine gait assessment, this study's findings can inform practice and education, and set the initial exploratory basis for potential future quantitative research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a single osteopathic manipulation on the sacroiliac joint in sport horses with sacroiliac dysfunction","authors":"Toni Ramon ,&nbsp;Constanza B. Gómez Álvarez ,&nbsp;Marc Elmeua ,&nbsp;Jorge U. Carmona ,&nbsp;Marta Prades","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a single osteopathic manipulation on the dysfunctional sacroiliac joint (SIJ) of sport horses using osteopathic functional assessment (OFA), visual lameness evaluation and objective gait analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Randomised controlled clinical trial, 29 sport horses with SIJ dysfunction with fixation in extension were divided into a treatment group TG (n = 21) and a control group CG (n = 8). TG received a single osteopathic manipulation (OM) targeting the fixated SIJ, while CG received no intervention. Objective gait analysis was performed using inertial measurement units: pre-intervention, post-intervention (15 minutes, 3 days, and 15 days). Subjective lameness score and osteopathic physical score (including pain and tone evaluation) were also performed. Generalised linear mixed models were used to analyse the results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Osteopathic manipulation significantly reduced epaxial back muscles tone, back pain, and SIJ pain in the treated horses, persisting up to 15 days post-intervention. Objective gait analysis at canter revealed a significant reduction in hind limb protraction (in degrees) (F(1,3)&lt; 3.432, P = 0.01); confidence intervals: TG: before (28.44,32.08), post OM 15 min (27.57,31.19), day 3 (26.16,29.81), day 15 (27.10,30.74); and CG before (23.40,29.77), post OM 15 min (25.07,31.69), day 3 (26.02,32.10), day 15 (25.95,32.08); and a significant increase in hind limb retraction (F(1,3)&lt; 3.681, P = 0.013); confidence intervals: TG: before (-33.12,-27.57), post OM 15 min (-34.09,-28.56), day 3 (-34.53,-28.98), day 15 (-34.24,-28.70); and CG: before (-40.92,-31.27), post OM 15 min (-39.62,-29.78), day 3 (-37.40,-27.96), day 15 (-37.31,-27.83), especially when cantering towards the affected side.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A single osteopathic manipulation of the dysfunctional SIJ in sport horses resulted in small but significant changes in gait parameters and osteopathic functional scoring, including reduced back muscles’pain and tone. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of equine osteopathic interventions in other locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of factors associated with return to ridden exercise in horses with overriding dorsal spinous processes in Australia","authors":"Genna Louise Harkness ,&nbsp;Catherine M. McGowan ,&nbsp;Lesley Goff","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine horse-specific factors and management strategies associated with successful outcomes for horses with overriding dorsal spinous processes (ORDSP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Owners of horses with ORDSP were recruited to complete a questionnaire via social media and practice notices in Australia. The questionnaire collected data on signalment, exercise, treatment and rehabilitation. Outcomes were; return to riding, return to previous level of athletic function and maintaining previous level of athletic function for 12 months. Chi-squared analysis was used to identify the associations between factors and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>59 owners completed the questionnaire. Of the 51 horses that met the inclusion criteria, 59 % of horses returned to riding, 27.5 % of horses returned to previous athletic function and 17 % maintained their previous athletic function for at least 12 months. Five factors were associated with increased odds of returning to riding: training at an intermediate to high level compared to low level (OR 10.36, CI: 2.48–43.31), exercising more than compared to less than 90 min per week (OR 1.87, CI: 1.43–2.64), surgical compared to non-surgical management (OR 5.5, CI: 1.07–28.22), completing compared to not completing a rehabilitation program (OR 11.68, CI: 3.01–55.46) and having the saddle fitted compared to not (OR 13.96, CI: 3.51–55.46). No factors were found to increase odds of returning to or maintaining previous athletic function for 12 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The rate of return to riding after treatment for ORDSP in Australia was low. Horses training at a higher level that received surgical treatment and rehabilitation were more likely to return to riding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A practical comparison of three objective gait analysis systems in a diverse population of horses","authors":"Olivia Kenny ,&nbsp;Laurine Collette ,&nbsp;Kasara Toth ,&nbsp;Holly Sparks ,&nbsp;Thilo Pfau","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2025.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Objective gait analysis systems can supplement veterinary lameness exams, but the agreement of many available systems is poorly understood. This study aims to compare the data from three commercially available systems across a diverse horse population with lameness originating from multiple limbs, to help guide clinical interpretation. A body-worn inertial measurement unit system (IMUS), an artificial intelligence app (AIA), and pressure sensing boots (PSB) were compared. Results from the three systems were analyzed to determine which limb each system reported as responsible for the most asymmetric movement. Comparing the AIA and IMUS in 31 horses, the two systems agreed on the limb resulting in the most asymmetrical movement for 87.1 % of the population. For a subset (n = 23) also equipped with the PSB, the IMUS and PSB agreed for 26.1 % and the AIA and PSB agreed for 34.8 % of the population. Objective gait analysis systems have the potential to be useful in aiding clinicians for both diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. In cases of complex movement, mixed and inconsistent lameness presentations may create difficulties for both clinicians and objective gait systems to differentiate the movement results. When assessing cases of multi-limb lameness and/or complex movement patterns, collecting additional strides may be the best practice for the objective gait analysis systems to provide more consistent results. The authors concluded that the AIA and IMUS had comparable results when evaluating upper body kinematics in a diverse population of horses and the PSB needs further validation before more comparisons can be conducted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}