Journal of Equine Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the electromyography activity of hindlimb muscles during core exercises in horses","authors":"Marta Elósegui ,&nbsp;Rafael Cediel ,&nbsp;Jaime Goyaga-Elizalde ,&nbsp;Tatiana Hernández-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Therapeutic exercise is key in rehabilitation programs, so they must be specific, individualised, and reasoned. Biomechanical studies using surface electromyography have allowed us to make an evidence-based selection of the most appropriate exercises for each patient. The literature describes different electromyography activities in many muscles during different exercises, including walking, trotting, galloping, poles, and slopes, among others, but research on exercises performed in standing horses is lacking. Inclusion in rehabilitation programs of these exercises is based on an effect extrapolated from an anatomical and biomechanical concept of the muscles and not on surface electromyography evidence. This study evaluated the effect of six therapeutic exercises commonly used in horse rehabilitation programs on four muscles (m. gluteus medius, m. tensor fasciae latae, m. biceps femoris, and m. gracilis), to objectively measure the activity they generate by surface electromyography.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Six horses performed six selected core exercises: axial tail traction, lateral tail traction, lateral tail traction to the contralateral side, lumbosacral flexion, lumbosacral extension, and caudal weight displacement. The activity was recorded by surface electromyography in four hindlimb muscles, including the m. gluteus medius, m. tensor fasciae latae, m. biceps femoris, and m. gracilis, and the signal registered was rectified and smoothed using the root mean square (RMS) algorithm. Finally, the data obtained was subjected to a statistical analysis using an ANOVA for the differential voltage factor followed by a Duncan multiple range analysis to determine which muscles activated each exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Maximum activity was observed for m. gluteus medius with lateral tail traction (41.55 μV) and lumbosacral flexion (46.72 μV); m. tensor fasciae with lateral tail traction (40.63 μV); m. biceps femoris with lumbosacral flexion (22.22 μV); and m. gracilis with axial tail traction (39.48 μV), lateral tail traction to the contralateral side (56.43 μV), lumbosacral flexion (68.72 μV), and caudal weight displacement (41.12 μV).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>M. biceps femoris was moderately activated during lumbar flexion, indicating it is not as relevant in pelvic stability as previously assumed. M. gluteus medius, m. biceps femoris, and m. gracilis activity during lumbar flexion suggests their potential involvement in the stability of the lumbosacral region. m. gracilis exhibited more activity than expected, indicating a significant role in pelvis and hip stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905424000082/pdfft?md5=94d634fcd711de694288d3d13154d09f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949905424000082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of horse gait during swimming exercise in swimming pool","authors":"I. Grossi ,&nbsp;G. Merluzzi ,&nbsp;F. Beccati ,&nbsp;M. Pepe","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horses are frequently brought to the pool, although little is known about how they swim. One aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the horses’ gait while swimming in a pool; another objective was to search for significant correlations between morphology, signalment, and swimming style. Videoclips were obtained for 39 horses during swimming, along with data regarding breed, age, sex, discipline, reason for swimming (i.e., rehabilitation or training), weight, height at the withers, elbow and stifle, scapulohumeral and coxofemoral angle, and croup inclination. The videos were examined to determine the sequence and maintenance of limb movement, position of the carpus at the end of protraction of the front limb, and height of the croup. Eighteen horses were classified as pacers, 19 as disconnected pacers, two as “rear engine” swimmers depending on their most prominent limb sequence. Seventeen horses maintained the same swimming pattern throughout the entire session, 22 horses did not. Twenty-one horses kept the carpus flexed at the end of protraction of the forelimb, 18 horses kept it extended. Nineteen horses kept the croup horizontal, 13 kept it lower, and seven kept it higher than the withers. Rear engine horses were excluded from the data analysis because of their low prevalence. Inexperienced horses had a higher prevalence of maintenance of the swimming style, rehabilitating horses kept the croup predominantly horizontal or lower than the withers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905424000070/pdfft?md5=95918173a9fed4385cdc1b8973da53a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949905424000070-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of elastic therapeutic tape on thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain in horses","authors":"Melissa R. King,&nbsp;Hope Pavsek,&nbsp;Katherine L. Ellis,&nbsp;Jodie Daglish","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the ability of elastic therapeutic tape to modulate nociception in horses with naturally occurring thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Twenty-two horses with naturally occurring thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain.</p></div><div><h3>Procedures</h3><p>A randomized crossover design study was used to evaluate the efficacy of elastic therapeutic tape compared to control tape application to modulate pain in the thoracolumbar region. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) were assessed using a pressure algometer immediately prior to and following tape removal and sequentially at 24 and 48 h after tape removal.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mechanical nociceptive threshold values were significantly (P &lt; 2e-16) different following both elastic therapeutic tape and control tape application at all sites across all time points compared to baseline values. The percent difference in MNT values for the elastic therapeutic tape application ranged from a 15–26 % difference from baseline across the time points at all sites. The percentage difference in MNT values for the control tape application ranged from (-)4–8 % from baseline across the time points at all sites.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>The outcomes of this study demonstrate that the application of an elastic therapeutic tape at 30 % tension significantly modulates thoracolumbar pain in horses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905424000021/pdfft?md5=0798be530921b1390b106feda83212c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949905424000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of whole-body vibration therapy on mechanical nociceptive thresholds and postural stability in horses with thoracolumbar pain","authors":"Katherine L. Ellis,&nbsp;Camille Morris,&nbsp;Alison F. Harbold,&nbsp;Madeline E. Yokeley,&nbsp;Laura E. Franklin,&nbsp;Leslie M. Phelps,&nbsp;Katie M. Phelps,&nbsp;Valerie J. Moorman","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqre.2024.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine the effects of WBV on thoracolumbar pain, multifidus muscle CSA, and postural stability in horses with thoracolumbar pain</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Ten horses with thoracolumbar pain</p></div><div><h3>Procedures</h3><p>Horses received WBV for 30 minutes once daily, 5 days per week, for 30 days. Mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) at T13, T18, L3, L6, S2 were assessed on days 0, 1, 14, and 30. Ultrasound of the multifidus muscle cross-section area (CSA) and postural sway (2 conditions: flat square stance and standing on proprioceptive balance pads) were assessed on days 0 and 30.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MNTs were significantly lower than baseline on day 1 (P&lt;0.001) and day 14 (P=0.004). MNTs were significantly higher than baseline on day 30 (P&lt;0.001). Mediolateral accelerations were significantly lower on day 30 compared to day 0 (P&lt; 0.001). Multifidus muscle cross-sectional area was significantly increased on day 30 compared to day 0 (P = 0.0005).</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>WBV may exacerbate pain in horses with thoracolumbar pain when used short-term (&lt;14 days). Long-term use (4 weeks) is needed to improve thoracolumbar pain. Four weeks of once daily WBV is sufficient to improve postural stability and increase multifidus muscle CSA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905424000100/pdfft?md5=d0697d00fa8eb676e9f548c91412cacd&pid=1-s2.0-S2949905424000100-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface electromyography (sEMG) of equine core muscles and kinematics of lumbo-sacral joint during core strengthening exercises","authors":"Judit Aulinas Coll,&nbsp;Scott Blake,&nbsp;Roberta Ferro de Godoy","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dynamic Mobilisation Exercises (DME) and myotatic reflex exercises were developed with the aim of improving core strengthening in horses. Previous studies have shown DME can increase cross sectional area (CSA) and symmetry of multifidus muscle, as well as activating the external oblique abdominal, and superficial descending pectoral muscles. The aim of this study was to objectively measure activity differences in <em>m. longissimus dorsi</em> (LD) and <em>m. rectus abdominus</em> (RA) whilst performing three levels of spinal flexion and lateral bending, as well as comparing thoracic and pelvic lift exercises in nine adult sport horses. Three repetitions of each exercise was performed for five seconds. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to record muscle electric activity, whilst sagittal lumbo-sacral flexion was measured with kinematics analysis. Overall, the results have shown that spinal flexion and lateral bending activate the <em>m. rectus abdominis</em> (RA) progressively as the exercise requires further reach, with a lateral bending effect evident on the ipsilateral side of RA. RA also had increased activation during thoracic lifts in comparison with pelvic lifts. <em>M. longissimus dorsi</em> (LD) has shown no significant differences in peak or average rectified EMG measures on the contralateral side during lateral bending. Pelvic lifts generated the greatest flexion of the lumbo-sacral (LS) joint. Results provide a guideline of the level of muscle effort required in relation to each exercise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49758465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of assisted horseback riding on self-reported symptoms and autonomic nervous system function","authors":"Hirohiko Kuratsune ,&nbsp;Sakura Tatsumi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Kuratsune ,&nbsp;Hiromi Ashiuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we present two studies on the effects of assisted horse riding in equine-assisted activities on self-perceived symptoms and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions. The first study, involving 23 community residents, indicated that 30-min sessions of assisted horseback riding improved perceived levels of fatigue, stress, depression, and anxiety. In groups with fatigue and depression, improvements in symptoms and a significant increase in ANS activity were observed after riding. The second study investigated ANS changes during exercise and their effects on clinical symptoms in 19 healthy female college students. Riding a horse led by an assistant is classified as aerobic exercise, and showed a decrease in autonomic function, similar to walking, with sympathetic activity becoming dominant. Furthermore, horse riding, compared to walking, not only improved mood, anxiety, tension, and irritability but also significantly improved other items such as fatigue, motivation, and physical condition. Many participants reported positive physical and emotional responses to riding, such as comfort from touching the horse and surprise at its height. Therefore, this paper suggests that improvement in clinical symptoms from equine-assisted therapy is due not only to the effect of aerobic exercise but also to the physical and emotional responses to interacting with a large animal like a horse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49746509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyography of the multifidus muscle in horses trotting over firm and soft surfaces","authors":"Tena Ursini ,&nbsp;Karen Shaw ,&nbsp;David Levine ,&nbsp;H. Steve Adair ,&nbsp;Jim Richards","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Equine sports medicine has developed a focus on the multifidus muscle with little reported knowledge of its activity in normal horses. Our main aim and objective was to use in-dwelling electromyography (EMG) to measure and compare the average and peak activity of the multifidus muscle at the level of the 12th (T12) and 18th thoracic (T18) and 5th lumbar (L5) vertebra bilaterally. We hypothesized that trotting horses in hand over a soft deformable surface would cause an increase in both average and peak activity when compared to trotting on a non-deformable asphalt surface. The EMG signals from four horses each with 25 observable muscle contractions at each location were filtered and normalized to the maximum observed signals. The effect of two surface conditions on the average and peak muscle activity within each muscle section of four horses was assessed using unpaired t-tests. The average muscle activity was significantly higher while trotting over a soft surface when compared to the hard asphalt surface in the right T12 (mean difference [MD]=0.13 p &lt; 0.001), right L5 (MD=0.12 p &lt; 0.001) and left L5 (MD=0.18 p &lt; 0.001) regions, although the left T12 location showed significantly higher average activity on the hard surface (MD=0.13 p &lt; 0.001). The peak activity was significantly higher on soft footing in the left T18 (MD=0.10 p &lt; 0.05), left L5 (MD=0.18 p &lt; 0.001), right T12 (MD= 0.40 p &lt; 0.001), and right L5 (MD=0.10 p &lt; 0.001). Therefore, when compared to trotting on a hard surface, the softer surface induced higher levels of muscle activity in most of the multifidi locations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294990542300004X/pdfft?md5=f836a9c2c35ddd2cfcee16ff3af280a0&pid=1-s2.0-S294990542300004X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92131575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a 4-week elastic resistance training regimen in horses with non-performance limiting hindlimb lameness","authors":"Katherine L. Ellis,&nbsp;Molly R. Goldberg,&nbsp;Gabrielle E. Aguirre,&nbsp;Valerie J. Moorman","doi":"10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqre.2023.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the effect of the Equiband® system on hindlimb kinematics/kinetics, postural stability, and back pain.</p></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><p>Eight horses with mild hindlimb lameness/asymmetry</p></div><div><h3>Procedures</h3><p>Horses were handwalked in the Equiband® system 5 days/week using a graduated exercise plan for 4 weeks. Hindlimb kinematics (inertial sensor system (ISS)), kinetics (stationary force platforms), postural stability (accelerometer), and back pain (mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs)) were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>No significant difference in lameness was seen over the course of the study. Significantly improved hindlimb stance duration symmetry at the trot was seen on force plate analysis. There was a significant decrease in craniocaudal and mediolateral range of motion during quiet standing. Significant increase in mediolateral and significant decrease in craniocaudal range of motion were seen at the walk and trot. On baseline MNTs, significantly lower values were found on the lame side versus non-lame side. At 4 weeks, there was only a significant difference in MNTs between lame and non-lame sides at T13.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><p>The results of this study suggest that the Equiband® system is effective at improving hindlimb symmetry, spinal stability, and back pain symmetry to hindlimb lameness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100781,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905423000038/pdfft?md5=ac4d1f2bd2b97bc2135184b1382f2430&pid=1-s2.0-S2949905423000038-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92025301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}