Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Dermatological manifestations in Yusho: correlation between skin symptoms and blood levels of dioxins, such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)","authors":"T. Uenotsuchi,&nbsp;J. Nakayama,&nbsp;M. Asahi,&nbsp;O. Kohro,&nbsp;T. Akimoto,&nbsp;M. Muto,&nbsp;K. Shimizu,&nbsp;I. Katayama,&nbsp;T. Kanzaki,&nbsp;Y. Kanagawa,&nbsp;T. Imamura,&nbsp;M. Furue,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective:</h3><p><span><span>Yusho occurred in western Japan in 1968 and was caused by </span>ingestion of rice bran oil that was contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins such as </span>polychlorinated dibenzofurans<span> (PCDFs). At that time, the skin symptoms presented by patients with Yusho were at their most prominent and worst severity. Analysis of blood to determine the concentration of dioxins started in 2001 in Fukuoka prefecture, and in 2002 the examination was performed throughout Japan. There have been no reports on the relationship between blood concentration of dioxins and skin symptoms in Yusho. This is the first report to examine the relationship between blood concentration of dioxins and skin symptoms in Yusho, using statistical analyses.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>Using the global skin severity grade, we analyzed the change in skin symptoms, which were examined at the annual medical check-up of patients with Yusho. We also investigated the relationship between the items of the annual dermatological examination and blood concentrations of total PCDFs and total PCBs.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>The severity of skin symptoms improved significantly in the first 20 years; nowadays, however, further improvement can hardly be observed. Using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found that of the 21 items of the dermatological examination, nine were significantly related to total PCDFs, and five were related to total PCBs. Only one item was significantly related both to total PCDFs and total PCBs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p><span>More than 36 years have passed since the Yusho incident, and about 60% of the patients currently present with no skin symptoms. In contrast, in about 40% of the patients, characteristic skin symptoms of Yusho, such as pigmentation of skin, black </span>comedones and acneform eruptions, could still be observed. Our analysis of the relationship between skin symptoms and blood concentrations of total PCDFs and total PCBs proves that not only PCBs but also PCDFs have an important role in the skin symptoms of Yusho.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S73-S80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77496838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood chemistry, alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B surface antigen in Yusho","authors":"Hiroshi Tsuji,&nbsp;Yasuo Ito,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective:</h3><p><span>An incident of accidental human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occurred in the western part of Japan in 1968. The disease is known as Yusho, because its cause was the </span>ingestion<span><span> of rice bran oil that was contaminated with PCBs. The various symptoms such as acneform skin eruptions were observed in the early stage in Yusho patients. An important fact is that polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were detected in the contaminated rice oil. PCDFs have a much higher toxicity than do PCBs. Analysis of blood concentration of PCDFs was performed throughout Japan in 2002. There have been no reports on the relationship between blood concentration of PCDFs and blood chemistry, alpha-fetoprotein or </span>hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Yusho. This is the first study to report on the relationship between blood concentration of PCDFs and blood chemistry, alpha-fetoprotein or HBsAg in Yusho.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p><span><span><span><span><span>We analyzed blood chemistry by measuring the following 20 items—total protein, serum albumin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, </span>lactate dehydrogenase<span>, alkaline phosphatase, </span></span>leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total </span>bilirubin, </span>conjugated bilirubin<span><span>, cholinesterase, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, </span>triglyceride<span>, glucose, amylase, </span></span></span>creatine kinase<span>, urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid. Alpha-fetoprotein and HBsAg were also measured. We studied the relationship between blood concentrations of total PCDFs and the items of the blood chemistry analysis, alpha-fetoprotein and HBsAg.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Of the 20 items of blood chemistry, alpha-fetoprotein and HBsAg, we found three items (GGT, HDL cholesterol and creatinine) were significantly related to the total PCDF level using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>A significant relationship between three items of the blood chemistry analysis (GGTP, HDL cholesterol and creatinine) and total PCDF levels in the blood was observed in 2002. The blood concentrations of total PCBs and PCDFs have now decreased; however, the PCDFs in patients with Yusho still affect blood chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S29-S31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91698291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac, pulmonary and renal function in Yusho patients","authors":"Y. Nakanishi, S. Tokunaga, K. Takayama, K. Kuwano","doi":"10.1016/J.DESCS.2005.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DESCS.2005.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85480153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological signs and symptoms in patients with chronic PCB poisoning (Yusho accident) for more than 36 years","authors":"H. Furuya, Takeshi Yamada, Y. Ohyagi, K. Ikezoe, T. Miyoshi, N. Fujii, J. Kira","doi":"10.1016/J.DESCS.2005.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DESCS.2005.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80287178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological signs and symptoms in patients with chronic PCB poisoning (Yusho accident) for more than 36 years","authors":"Hirokazu Furuya ,&nbsp;Takeshi Yamada ,&nbsp;Yasumasa Ohyagi ,&nbsp;Koji Ikezoe ,&nbsp;Tasuku Miyoshi ,&nbsp;Naoki Fujii ,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Kira ,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p>The existence of peripheral neuropathy after chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is still controversial because studies concerning the effects of PCBs on the peripheral nervous system are rare.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between neurological signs and symptoms and the concentration of serum PCBs.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods:</h3><p>Neurological data collected from the results of a nationwide health examination of 450 male and 557 female Yusho victims (chronic PCB poisoning) exposed more than 36 years ago were compared with recent measurements of the serum PCB concentration and patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p><span>The frequency of sensory disturbance detected by neurological examination was significantly higher in the group of officially acknowledged victims (male, </span><em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.014; female, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>0.001) than in age-matched controls. Significant differences were not observed between the serum PCB patterns and the neurological findings, but the serum PCB concentration was significantly higher in the group with decreased tendon reflex in officially and non-officially acknowledged female Yusho victims (male, </span><em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.994; female, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.014).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>These results suggest that the long half-life of PCBs and their accumulation in fatty tissue can lead to persistent mild impairment of the peripheral nervous system even long after exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S39-S44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91698292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in dioxin analysis of human blood and their concentrations in blood of Yusho patients","authors":"Takashi Todaka,&nbsp;Hironori Hirakawa,&nbsp;Tsuguhide Hori,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Tobiishi,&nbsp;Takao Iida,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective:</h3><p><span>Over 35 years have passed since the Yusho incident. We have determined the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-</span><em>p</em><span>-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and non-ortho-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in blood samples collected from Yusho patients to establish new criteria for Yusho. Considering the fact that the concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in the blood samples of about 300 Yusho patients living in Japan were scheduled for measurement in 2002, it was desirable to develop more effective methods to speed up the pretreatment procedure for blood samples. In this study, we improved a method that allows many blood samples to be treated in a short period with high reproducibility in comparison with the previously described method. Using our method, we measured the concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in blood collected from 279 Yusho patients in 2002 and 269 Yusho patients in 2003, and compared the results with those of 52 normal controls.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>The extraction procedure of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs from the blood samples was simplified. Concentrations of the PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs were measured using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) equipped with a solvent-cut large volume injection system.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion:</h3><p>The lipid content and the concentration of each isomer of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in blood determined using the improved method were almost equal to those obtained by dioxin analysis organizations that used the conventional method to analyze the same blood samples. The improved method demonstrated high reproducibility based on experiments conducted using the same serum samples. These findings indicate that the improved method is essentially equivalent to the conventional method. From the concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and Co-PCBs in blood samples of Yusho patients measured by the improved method, it became clear that even now Yusho patients still have a much higher concentration of PCDFs in their blood than do unaffected people more than 35 years after the Yusho incident.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S21-S28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75663467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings with blood levels of PCDFs in patients with Yusho","authors":"Yoshiyuki Kanagawa,&nbsp;Tomoaki Imamura,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective:</h3><p><span>Since the Kanemi Yusho poisoning incident, patients with Yusho have been followed up for 35 years in annual health examinations for Yusho symptoms by a national Study Group for Yusho. Because of recent advances in the technology for the measurement of dioxins, the determination of blood </span>polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels has become possible with high accuracy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms and dioxins, one of the causal agents, in patients with Kanemi Yusho oil poisoning disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>The participants were patients with oil poisoning disease who had undergone general examinations including measurement of PCDF levels, internal medicine, examination sheet (biochemistry, hematology), and dermatological, dental and ophthalmological examinations in 2001 and 2002. We investigated the presence or absence of symptoms in these examinations and the relationship with PCDF levels by methods such as three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Large differences were found between the examination results in 2001 and those in 2002. Items for which the relationship between the symptoms or the results and PCDF levels was currently considered strong were polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-related items, and items of a gingival nature and gingival sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S85-S93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85539877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral mucosa and dental findings in Yusho","authors":"Isamu Hashiguchi,&nbsp;Akifumi Akamine,&nbsp;Collaborator on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p><span>Yusho is a disease caused by the </span>ingestion<span><span> of rice bran oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans<span> (PCDFs) and related compounds. Oral lesions such as oral </span></span>pigmentation<span>, anomalies of the dental root shape and deficiency of tooth germs have been observed in Yusho patients.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions, especially oral pigmentation, in Yusho patients, and also to describe the relationship between oral lesions and PCBs or PCDFs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>Visual and radiographic examinations were performed on Yusho patients who visited the dentist during the annual health examination in Fukuoka prefecture. The data obtained from 1968 to 2003 were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Gingival pigmentation was the most common of all types of oral pigmentation seen in Yusho patients. Of all the examined Yusho patients, the proportion who had gingival pigmentation was more than 60% during the early phase after the Yusho incident, but this value had decreased to below 30% in 1993. However, it subsequently increased again to about 50% in 2003. Yusho patients with a blood PCB pattern typical of Yusho showed the highest incidence of oral pigmentation 5 years after PCB poisoning. As time passed, however, there was no specific difference in the prevalence of oral pigmentation between any type of PCB pattern, either specific to Yusho or commonly observed in the general population. Analysis of data by three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in 2001 and 2002 showed that there was a close relationship between the presence of upper gingival pigmentation and blood PCDF levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>The prevalence of oral pigmentation still remains high even after 35 years, and PCDFs may be responsible for the presence of oral pigmentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S65-S72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90020716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac, pulmonary and renal function in Yusho patients","authors":"Yoichi Nakanishi ,&nbsp;Shoji Tokunaga ,&nbsp;Koichi Takayama ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Kuwano ,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p>Thirty-five years after the Yusho incident, some symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities are still found in Yusho patients.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>To describe the cardiovascular, respiratory and renal abnormalities caused by Yusho, especially in relation to blood polychlorinated dibenzofuran concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>A total of 358 officially registered patients with Yusho participated in this study. Medical records of the patients obtained from the annual nationwide health examinations held from 2001 to 2003 were used in the study. The symptoms, signs and laboratory findings in cardiac, respiratory and renal systems were compared with blood concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF).</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Airway symptoms such as cough and sputum were frequently seen in Yusho patients, whereas other symptoms, signs and laboratory abnormalities were not remarkable. There were marginal relationships between cough and blood concentration of PCBs, and between sputum and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>Organs of the respiratory system remain affected by Yusho 35 years after the incident, whereas little effect on cardiac and renal systems is observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S33-S38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91738164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic findings in Yusho","authors":"Takahiko Nakamura ,&nbsp;Miho Miyazaki ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Ohnishi ,&nbsp;Tatsuro Ishibashi ,&nbsp;on behalf of the Study Group for Yusho","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><p><span><span>The ocular signs in Yusho include hypersecretion by the </span>meibomian glands, abnormal </span>pigmentation<span> of the bulbar conjunctiva, unusual pigmentation of the limbal conjunctiva, pigmentation of the tarsal conjunctiva and edema of the eyelid.</span></p></div><div><h3>Participants and methods:</h3><p>The ocular symptoms in Yusho patients were analyzed to investigate their relationship with the concentration of dioxins in the blood. The participants were patients with Yusho who underwent examinations including measurement of blood dioxin levels and ocular symptoms in 2002.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion:</h3><p>The significant relation between the increase in ocular discharge and the level of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the blood is currently considered strong. No significant relationship with blood PCDF levels was found with any of the other four ocular symptoms. Although the blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins are now decreasing in Yusho patients, they still cause abnormal discharge from the eye.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages S57-S63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.03.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73762330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}