Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Thermal aging: A new concept of skin aging","authors":"Jin Young Seo ,&nbsp;Jin Ho Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sunlight damages human skin, resulting in a wrinkled appearance. Human skin temperature, measured inside the dermis by a needle-type thermometer, can be increased up to about 40<!--> <!-->°C in direct summer midday sunlight within 15–20<!--> <!-->min, and this heat may contribute significantly to sun-induced skin damage. Recent studies suggest that heat as well as UV may play an important role in premature skin aging. However, our knowledge about the effects of heat or infrared light, which certainly increase the temperature of the skin and may possibly interfere with or enhance the damaging effects of UV, on the development of skin aging is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This review provides an outline of the thermal effects on skin aging process in human skin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S13-S22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85970890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different apoptotic patterns observed in tissues damaged by phenol and TCA peels","authors":"Yuki Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Koji Uede ,&nbsp;Toshio Ohtani ,&nbsp;Akiko Kishioka ,&nbsp;Toshiko Tanaka ,&nbsp;Fukumi Furukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Herein we intended to understand the histological differences in tissues treated with phenol and trichloroacetic acid<span> (TCA) peels by study the expression of proteins involved in apoptotic cell death<span> using immunohistochemical methods. Phenol penetrated into skin quickly and induced histological changes in endothelial cells in the dermis, which were detected by the </span></span></span>TUNEL method and the expression of activated Caspase-3 molecules. However, we did not observe up-regulation of p53 and </span>Fas antigens. Meanwhile degenerations from TCA peels were detected by the TUNEL method, but not observed with Caspase-3 activation. These findings suggest that skin degenerations from phenol peels undergo Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis from that of TCA peels in pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S75-S81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89241996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of thermal stimulation on wrinkle removal via the enhancement of collagen synthesis","authors":"Yasushi Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Kei Obayashi ,&nbsp;Yuri Okano ,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Satoh ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Masaki ,&nbsp;Yoko Funasaka","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Heat shock protein 47<span> (HSP47) is a specific chaperone of procollagen. It is important to elucidate the effects of heat on </span></span>collagen synthesis both </span><em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We examined the effects of heat on collagen synthesis and the role of HSP47 using an <em>in vitro</em> system, and we also characterized the efficacy of wrinkle removal by heat treatment of human skin.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Normal human fibroblasts were used to evaluate the relationship between heat-induced collagen synthesis and HSP47 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antisense. Heat stimulation of 6-week-old hairless mice (HOS:HR-1) was performed at varying temperatures (38, 40 and 42<!--> <span>°C) 3 days a week for 4 weeks, then the amount of collagen was determined by hydroxyproline content. For clinical evaluation, the left side of the face of 31 women (aged 36–55 years), was treated with heat 10</span> <!-->min a day for 2 months using hot steam which kept the skin surface temperature at 40–42<!--> <span>°C. Evaluations were performed using a visual analog scale, by replica taking, and with a Cutometer, prior to and 4 and 8 weeks after the heat treatment.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The <em>in vitro</em><span> study showed that heat treatment enhanced collagen biosynthesis by up-regulating HSP47 mRNA and protein expression but not procollagenα1(I). Antisense inhibition of HSP47 prevented the increase of collagen synthesis induced by heat. Heat treatment at 40–42</span> <span>°C enhanced hydroxyproline content and improved wrinkles/sags of the facial skin.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that heat treatment at 40–42<!--> <!-->°C has a beneficial therapeutic potential to repair wrinkles and sags in the skin through the up-regulation of collagen synthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S39-S49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84360030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular alterations of decorin in photoaging process","authors":"Yoshihito Kawashima ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Ohto ,&nbsp;Akinori Kiso ,&nbsp;Toshimitsu Kambara ,&nbsp;Shigeru Sugano ,&nbsp;Hiroo Sawada ,&nbsp;Akimichi Morita","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Decorin<span>, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, plays important biological roles, such as cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in various matrix assemblies. The most important roles of decorin are to interact with several types of collagen and to modulate collagen fibrillogenesis in the body.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze decorin expression in photoaging skin and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation in decorin production.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Decorin and type I collagen<span> production were immunohistochemically determined in photoaged rat skin. UVA-induced decorin production in the cultured fibroblasts was determined by western blot analysis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Decorin and aberrant type I collagen levels were increased in the upper dermis of rat skin treated with two minimum erythema dose (MED) of UV irradiation 120 times. Decorin production from the cultured fibroblasts was drastically increased by UVA irradiation and this was inhibited by sodium azide. Decorin production from the cultured fibroblast was also increased by 2–200</span> <!-->pg/mL of IL-1α and UVA-induced decorin was inhibited by anti-IL-1α antibody.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results suggest that the increase of decorin production from fibroblasts after UVA irradiation is induced by IL-1α, which is released through the generation of singlet oxygen induced by UVA, and that the altered expression of decorin triggers the production of aberrant collagen, which might accelerate photoaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S51-S56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructed human skin: From photodamage to sunscreen photoprotection and anti-aging molecules","authors":"Corinne Vioux-Chagnoleau,&nbsp;François Lejeune,&nbsp;Juliette Sok,&nbsp;Cécile Pierrard,&nbsp;Claire Marionnet,&nbsp;Françoise Bernerd","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acute or repetitive sun exposure has been shown to be responsible for various deletorious consequences such as sunburn reaction, photoaging and photocancers. Determination of early biological events occurring after UV exposure is essential for photoprotection.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Using a human reconstructed skin in vitro, comprising both a fully differentiated epidermis and a living dermal equivalent, the effects of UVB and UVA were analysed in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The efficiency of sunscreen<span><span> protection was afforded after topical application. The effect of </span>Vitamin C was analyzed.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Reconstructed skin was exposed to UVB, UVA or SSR. Morphological aspect, DNA lesions, sunburn cells, MMP-1 were evaluated. Sunscreen photoprotection was assessed with formulations having different profile of absorption or photostability. Vitamin C was added to the culture medium during reconstruction of the skin.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>While UVB essentially induced direct epidermal damage such as DNA lesions or sunburn cells, UVA reached the dermis and led to alterations in fibroblasts and dermal extracellular matrix. Both UVB and UVA, alone or combined using solar simulated radiation (SSR), induced MMP-1 production, directly in dermal fibroblasts after UVA exposure, or through release of soluble epidermal factors after UVB. Based on the identification of these biological end-points, evaluation of sunscreeen photoprotection was performed after topical application of formulations. The data showed that broad UVB</span> <!-->+<!--> <span>UVA spectrum profile together with photostability are required for a real efficient protection. Finally, we found that Vitamin C could improve the morphogenesis<span> of dermal epidermal junction, through its ability to promote synthesis of extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results may help in understanding the beneficial effects of such molecule in the treatment of photoaged skin. Altogether, these data emphazied the fact that human skin reconstructed in vitro is a valuable tool for research studies as well as for evaluation of compounds designed to prevent or correct photodamage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S1-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85914909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for rapid evaluation of photoaging by measuring fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein due to elastin promoter activity","authors":"Naoko Kondo,&nbsp;Hitoshi Takeda,&nbsp;Takahide Kaneko,&nbsp;Takayuki Aizu,&nbsp;Ryuta Moritsugu,&nbsp;Atsushi Kon,&nbsp;Nakano Hajime,&nbsp;Katsumi Hanada","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span><span>Photoaging increases the deep furrows of the facial skin<span><span>. This can be seen histologically as solar elastosis in the upper layer of the dermis. In sunlight, ultraviolet B (UVB) light plays a pivotal role in forming the wrinkles, because it enhances </span>elastin gene expression and matrix </span></span>metalloproteases (MMPs) at the transcriptional level in dermal fibroblasts. </span>Sunscreens are believed to inhibit UVB-induced wrinkle formation in humans, but few methods have accurately assessed the protective effects of sunscreens </span><em>in vivo</em> to date. A major reason is that it takes a long time to cause the deep facial lines.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To develop a rapid and simple <em>in vivo</em> evaluation system, to assess the inhibitory effects of sunscreens against photoaging, a new experimental method was studied.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The promoter region of the human elastin gene was cloned into a green fluorescent protein<span> (GFP) vector. The plasmid DNA<span> was transfected into 3T3 cells and stable transfectants (3T3/Eln-GFP) were established. These cells were injected into the dorsal skin of nude mice. After UVB irradiation, the GFP fluorescence intensity was measured by fluorescence </span></span></span>emission spectroscopy (FEMS) on the dorsal skin of the mouse.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>UVB irradiation of 3T3/Eln-GFP cells increased both the fluorescence intensity and the expression of GFP. Increased GFP fluorescence intensity could be measured from the body surface with FEMS at the injected site of the cells after UVB irradiation <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A rapid and simple evaluation system for human elastin promoter activity by UVB was established, and we propose it to be an useful method for objective assessment of sunscreens designed to prevent wrinkle formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S31-S37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of wrinkles by an all-trans-retinoic acid derivative, d-δ-tocopheryl retinoate","authors":"Yuri Okano,&nbsp;Kei Obayashi,&nbsp;Syoichi Yahagi,&nbsp;Kouji Kurihara,&nbsp;Satoko Kaburagi,&nbsp;Yoshiko Kurata,&nbsp;Hitoshi Masaki","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>All-<em>trans</em><span>-retinoic acid (RA) is well known as a potent anti-aging drug. However, RA is generally difficult to use topically due to its irritancy and mutagenicity<span>. Therefore, we synthesized a new RA derivative, </span></span><span>d</span>-δ-tocopheryl retinoate (TR).</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the potency of TR on anti-aging effects, investigating responses of human skin cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p><span>To examine the potential for TR to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS), we used an electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method and a chemical assay. To investigate the effects of TR on skin cells, we used </span>HaCaT cells, human keratinocytes, and human fibroblasts. Further, clinical test was carried out.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>In ESR study, TR showed the quenching abilities against singlet oxygen. In a biological system, TR significantly suppressed the elongation of DNA comet tails in HaCaT keratinocytes after UVB irradiation. The sum of those results suggests that TR has a capability to remove </span>oxidative stress<span>. TR had no effect on matrix metalloprotainase-1 (MMP-1) expression by UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. TR increased collagen production by fibroblasts and hyaluronic acid (HA) production by keratinocytes. We conducted a clinical study on wrinkle improvement using eight human volunteers. Treatment with TR exhibited a significant reduction in the depth of linear wrinkles, showing the potency of TR to improve wrinkles.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Anti-wrinkle efficacy of TR is suggested to involve removing oxidative stress and modulating the metabolism of the extracellular matrix.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S65-S74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72793223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological responses to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields","authors":"Junji Miyakoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>During the past decade, the biological effects of extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields have been investigated in many countries. Also, many papers for the responses to ELF electromagnetic fields had been published in both </span><em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>I review the cellular and molecular effects and mouse skin tumorigenesis of ELF electromagnetic fields.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cellular genotoxicity including chromosomal aberrations, DNA stand breaks, and mutation and the skin tumorigenesis in mice were examined using the conventional experimental methods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>It is considered that sole exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields at an intensity of less than several hundred microtesla (μT) may not affect cell growth, cellular genotoxicity (such as DNA strand<span> breaks, chromosome aberrations, mutations), gene expression, and signal transduction. However, exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields at an extremely high intensity, i.e., 400</span></span> <!-->mT, can induce chromatid-type aberrations, mutations, and induce expression of specific genes (NOR-1). Exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields at relatively high intensity (&gt;several mT) may also potentiate the cellular damage induced by external factors, such as ionizing radiation and several chemical agents. In a recent animal study, it was reported that exposure to 50<!--> <!-->Hz magnetic fields enhanced the rate of UV-induced tumor development in mouse skin</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is unlikely that exposure to extremely low-density ELF electromagnetic fields at microtesla levels would evoke large changes in cells. However, many unclear issues remain to be resolved. The possible mechanisms of action of ELF electromagnetic fields are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S23-S30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73600620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the photodynamic effects on human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by treatment with calcipotriol","authors":"Yoichi Akita ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Kozaki ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Takeo ,&nbsp;Motonobu Ohmura ,&nbsp;Atsuko Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Takeshi Yanagishita ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Kazaoka ,&nbsp;Tadashige Nozaki ,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Yokoo ,&nbsp;Mitsuko Shinohara ,&nbsp;Daisuke Watanabe ,&nbsp;Tatsushi Kawai ,&nbsp;Shiro Yamada ,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Tamada ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Ohura ,&nbsp;Yoshinari Matsumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy<span><span> (PDT) for patients with skin and oral diseases is a highly sophisticated procedure, but the incidence of disease recurrence after treatment with ALA-based PDT is somewhat alarming. </span>Calcipotriol, an analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), has been reported to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In order to obtain even greater efficacy of ALA-based PDT, we investigated the synergistic effects of calcipotriol as an adjunct to ALA-based PDT for human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Intracellular protoporphyrin<span> IX (PpIX) converted from exogenous ALA in SCC cell lines treated with/without calcipotriol was measured by a fluorescencemeter. Then, the </span></span><em>in vitro</em> effects of calcipotriol, the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitor (nimesulide), ALA-based PDT and their combination on two SCC cell lines, HSC-2 (a <em>COX</em>-<em>2</em> high expresser) and HSC-4 (a <em>COX</em>-<em>2</em><span> non-expresser), were determined by MTT assay<span> and double-staining for annexin V<span> and propidium iodide.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The concentration of intracellular PpIX was increased in four of the eight SCC cell lines (50%) treated with calcipotriol. The greatest alteration of intracellular PpIX was found in HSC-4 (1.9-fold). The combination of calcipotriol and ALA-based PDT remarkably inhibited cellular proliferation and induced cellular death of both HSC-2 and HSC-4. Whereas, this morphological damage was more serious in HSC-4 than in HSC-2. Furthermore, these effects were almost equivalent to the synergistic effect of the combination of nimesulide and ALA-based PDT on HSC-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study suggests that treatment with calcipotriol enhances the photodynamic effects on SCC via the accumulation of exogenous ALA-dependent PpIX.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages S57-S64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2006.08.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80339496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-specific downregulation of type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) transcription in cultured epidermal keratinocytes by ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) and UVA-inducible cytokines, with special reference to cutaneous photoaging","authors":"Atsushi Kon ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Takeda ,&nbsp;Noriko Ito ,&nbsp;Katsumi Hanada ,&nbsp;Keiichi Takagaki","doi":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.descs.2005.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Type VII collagen is the major component of </span>anchoring fibrils, which stabilize the attachment of the </span>basement membrane zone<span> to the dermis. Expression of type VII collagen in epidermal keratinocytes and formation of anchoring fibrils in the basement membrane zone are reduced in photoaged skin, suggesting their involvement in the pathophysiology of photoaging.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effects of ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) and UVA-inducible cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β on type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) transcription in epidermal keratinocytes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Cultured epidermal and HaCaT<span><span> keratinocytes were transiently/stably transfected with plasmid constructs containing sequential 5′-end deletions of the COL7A1 promoter, linked to luciferase or the </span>GFP gene. Twenty-four hours after treatment with either UVA, TNF-α or IL-1β, luciferase activity and GFP expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by luminometer or </span></span>fluorescence microscopy, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>UVA, TNF-α and IL-1β all decreased COL7A1 promoter activity in cultured epidermal keratinocytes as well as GFP expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. Deletion analysis revealed that the UVA- and cytokine-responsive region of COL7A1 lies between nucleotides −524 and −22.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>UVA, TNF-α and IL-1β inhibit COL7A1 expression at the transcriptional level by acting on nucleotides −524 to −22 of the promoter region. These results suggest that UVA-induced downregulation of COL7A1 transcription in epidermal keratinocytes diminishes anchoring fibrils formation, resulting in skin fragility. Additional external factors including physical forces and UVB radiation in the sun-exposed areas may further promote deep wrinkle formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dermatological Science Supplement","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages S29-S35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.descs.2005.06.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81503742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}