International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative elemental analysis of Celocia argentea leaves by ICP-OES technique using various digestion methods","authors":"Anil G. Markandeya ,&nbsp;Narayan P. Firke ,&nbsp;Shirish S. Pingale ,&nbsp;Sunita Salunke-Gawali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Quantification of macronutrient, micronutrient and toxic elements from the leaves of <em>Celocia argentea</em> by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and to report efficient, reliable, eco friendly method of digestion for better recovery of the elements.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The five digestion methods are studied included, dry ashing method with HNO₃/HCl, wet digestion method with HNO₃/HClO₄ and HNO₃/H₂O₂, microwave digestion with HNO₃/HClO₄ and HNO₃/H₂O₂. ICP-OES operating parameter was optimized at radial and axial viewing along with the radio-frequency power, sample flush time and gas flow rate. The results of the elemental quantification were statistically analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by Kruskal–Wallis test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>C. argentea</em> exhibits good quantity of macronutrients like Mg, Ca S, P, K and Fe. The ashing and microwave digestion method were found to more reliable as compare to wet digestion method and hence recommended for better recovery. The element Ca, Cu and Fe gives better recovery by ash and microwave digestion method as compare to wet digestion method. Toxic elements show their concentration below permissible limit.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>All the nutrients as well as toxic elements are quantified successfully by ICP-OES technique by all methods of digestion. Dry and wet digestion methods are tedious and time consuming compare to microwave digestion method, which is greener and simpler. Kruskal–Wallis test can be employed for non-parametric methods to compare more than two population average which do not require any specific form of the distribution of the population. The <em>C. argentea</em> can be used as supplementary food for deficiency of minerals like Fe, Mg and Ca.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79646848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AM1 and DFT: Conformational and vibrational spectra analysis of butyl methacrylate","authors":"Ottman Belaidi ,&nbsp;Tewfik Bouchaour ,&nbsp;Ulrich Maschke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Butyl methacrylate is used with acrylic products in order to improve the final product according to the desired characteristics. In this work we are about to make an assignment of experimental infrared bands with the help of a theoretical quantum chemistry calculations. The exact knowledge of some bands which are not characteristics of acrylic materials will enable us to make a quick analysis with available techniques of low costs for mixtures of polymers based on acrylate and methacrylate molecules.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In the experimental part, the infrared spectrum of butyl methacrylate is obtained by using an FTIR Perkin Elmer model 2000. In the computational part and as first step, the theoretical calculations are performed by the semi-empirical AM1 method for excluding similar structures of butyl methacrylate molecule by a meticulous conformational analysis. As a second step the obtained structures are optimized using DFT. The simulated frequencies are then scaled and a tentative assignment is made based on band intensities and PED percentages.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The theoretical calculations predict the existence of five conformations two of them represent the majority of experimental bands in the infrared spectrum. The two less stable structures represent better the band at 546 cm⁻¹, while the assignment is very difficult for the band at 491 cm⁻¹.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 185-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84102477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of antioxidant potentiality of leafy herbs subjecting to different cooking temperatures","authors":"Besagarahalli Padmanabh Nandini,&nbsp;Mysore Shankar Singh Sudarshana,&nbsp;Nanjaiah Rajashekar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Leafy vegetables are known for high nutritional value and are being eaten raw or/subjected to various cooking methods. However, an attempt was made to evaluate antioxidant potentiality of leafy herbs <em>viz., Rumex vesicarius</em> L., <em>Rumex acetosella</em> L.<em>, Basella rubra</em> L.<em>,</em> and <em>Basella alba</em> L., subjecting to various cooking methods – to understand its property is stable or not, after subjecting to different cooking method.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For the first time antioxidant potentiality was evaluated at different cooking temperatures <em>viz</em>., 27 °C (Room temperature), 121 °C (Pressure cooker temperature), 100 °C (Micro wave oven temperature) with different concentration range (125–200 mg per 20 ml of methanolic extract) – by DPPH assay for selected plant extract.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>R. acetosella</em> L., and <em>B. rubra</em> L., (at room temperature) and all four plant extracts <em>viz., R. vesicarius</em> L.<em>, R. acetosella</em> L.<em>, B. rubra</em> L.<em>,</em> and <em>B. alba</em> L. (at cooking temperature – 121 °C and micro oven – 100 °C) showed decreasing activity at 100, 125, and 150 mg/ml, and at 200 mg/ml, maximum (room temperature) antioxidant activity was observed. A better oxidative activity was observed at 200 μg/ml concentration at all temperatures for tested leafy vegetable, which can be attributed as dose dependant (200 mg/ml) for stable activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 197-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91012341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Copper, Zinc and Lead using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in ground water of Jimma town of Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Khalid Siraj,&nbsp;Shimeles Addisu Kitte","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study was design to determine the level of heavy metal contamination of ground water in Jimma town of Southwestern Ethiopia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample had been collected from (6) different sites about (10) well and borehole water. Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Three heavy metals had been studied were Copper, Zinc and Lead. Their concentration and maximum contaminant levels (MCL) were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) data. The maximum contaminant levels according to WHO, for Copper, Zinc and Lead are 0.5, 3.0 and 0.01 mg/L respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>From the results obtained, none of the samples analyzed for Copper (0.025 mg/L) and Zinc (0.15 mg/L) concentration was found above the MCL but for Lead (0.02202 mg/L) concentration found above the MCL. However, the metals were present in 82.86% and 91.23% of the samples analyzed respectively. Almost 86.01% of the sample had detectable level of Lead. All the Lead concentration was above the MCL. In general, 86.70% of all samples analyzed contained one or more of three heavy metals. The results obtained from this study suggest significant risk to this population given for toxicity of these metals, well and borehole water are the only source of their water supply in this environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 201-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.07.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74683981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-hydrogen production by Pseudomonas stutzeri KF532951","authors":"Sigamany Soniagandhi,&nbsp;Marimuthu Krishnaveni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Hydrogen production by biological means is more advantageous as it utilizes renewable sources and produces very low or no carbondioxide. Since, lignocellulosic feedstocks are cheaper source, the present study was aimed to isolate <em>Pseudomonas stutzeri</em> from soil sample at country bricks chamber furnace.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Final confirmation of the strain was done by 16S rRNA sequencing. The GC content was calculated. The isolated strain was inoculated in hydrogen production medium containing sugarcane bagasse replacing glucose. After the incubation period of 16 days, the gas collected was studied for hydrogen production through gas chromatography technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>According to sequencing and phylogenetic tree results, our isolate was found to be <em>P. stutzeri</em> <strong>KF532951</strong>. The GC content of our strain was above 53%. Our strain could produce up to 3.4 mol H₂/mol substrate by water displacement method.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>On the basis of the above results, it is concluded that our strain is able to produce hydrogen biologically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 210-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74190662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Rosuvastatin and Ezetimibe from their combination tablet dosage form","authors":"Mohammed Ishaq Beludari ,&nbsp;Karanam Vanitha Prakash ,&nbsp;Ghanta Krishna Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rosuvastatin is an HMG Co-A inhibitor and Ezetimibe is an intestinal cholesterol absorption inhibitor. The combination formulation is used for the treatment of hypercholestrolemia. A simple, accurate and precise assay and rapid stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous estimation of Rosuvastatin (RSV) and Ezetimibe (EZE) from their combination drug product.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The proposed method is based on the separation of the two drugs in reversed-phase mode using Water’s C18 250 × 4.6 mm, 5μ column maintained at an ambient temperature. The optimum mobile phase consisted of Acetonitrile: water: 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 8 (40:10:50 v/v), flow rate of mobile phase was set 1.0 mL min⁻¹ and PDA detection was performed at 230 nm. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It was found to be accurate and reproducible. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 30–90 μg mL⁻¹ for both RSV and EZE with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.998 respectively. Mean percent recovery of triplicate samples at each level for both drugs were found in the range of 98% to 100% with RSD of less than 2.0%. Rosuvastatin, Ezetimibe and their combination drug product were exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions and the stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method. There were no interfering peaks from excipients, impurities or degradation products due to variable stress conditions and the proposed method is specific for the simultaneous estimation of RSV and EZE in the presence of their degradation products.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed method can be successfully applied in the quality control and stability samples of bulk manufacturing and pharmaceutical dosage forms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 205-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.04.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89680177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas chromatography analysis for hydrogen production from Bacillus subtilis MKMP 2013","authors":"Chinnasamy Mohanapriya,&nbsp;Marimuthu Krishnaveni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Hydrogen is an uncontaminated energy carrier as it releases only water and no green house gas is released. Hence, bio-hydrogen production was aimed from <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, a gram positive bacteria isolated near solid waste dumped place, Namakkal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The isolated strain was confirmed by 16srRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic tree analysis was performed to know the nearest sequences. The isolated strain was allowed to grow in production medium containing beef, yeast extract, peptone, sodium chloride and sugarcane baggase for 16 days. Since, most of the hydrogen producing bacteria grow at broader pH, no pH control was opted during the study. After incubation period, the gas collected was analysed for hydrogen production by gas chromatography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The obtained sequence was submitted to genbank under the accession number KF484756. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the strain as <em>B. subtilis</em>. The hydrogen gas produced by <em>B. subtilis</em> using sugarcane bagasse was in the range of 1.3–3.3 mol H₂/mol substrate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>From this result, we can conclude that the isolated strain is able to produce hydrogen to certain extent and can be improved by gene modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 182-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85273809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electrocapacitive performance of graphene oxide polypyrrole nanocomposites","authors":"Harish Mudila ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ghulam Haider Zaidi ,&nbsp;Sweta Rana ,&nbsp;Varsha Joshi ,&nbsp;Sarfaraz Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Graphene oxide/polypyrrole nanocomposites (PNCs) with enhanced electrocapacitive performance were prepared through a cationic surfactant assisted dilute solution polymerization of pyrrole in presence of GO at various concentrations (%, w/w) ranging 10.0–40.0 and ferric chloride as oxidant.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PNCs has been characterized through Fourier transformed infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning caloriemetry. Electrochemical capacitance (<em>C</em>_s, F/g) of electrodes fabricated from PNCs over 316 stainless steel in presence of sulphonated polysulphone as binder has been investigated in KOH solution (1.0 M) with reference to Ag/AgCl at scan rate (V/s) ranging 0.2–0.001.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PNCs with 20.0%, w/w of GO have shown highest <em>C</em>_s of 1073.64 as compared to 92.33 for pure PPy at a scan rate of 0.001 V/s. PNCs rendered a low electrocapacitive decrease during the first 500 cycles at scan rate of 0.1 V/s indicating their appreciable electrochemical performance for fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 139-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial metabolite producing endophytic Phomopsis sp. from Ficus pumila Linn. (Moraceae)","authors":"Devaraju Rakshith ,&nbsp;Parthasarathy Santosh ,&nbsp;Sreedharamurthy Satish","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Aim</h3><p>An endophytic fungus belongs to the genus <em>Phomopsis</em> was isolated from stem of <em>Ficus pumila</em> (Moraceae) and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Antimicrobial potential was investigated by agar plug, disc diffusion and TLC bioautography agar overlay methods. Detection of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes using DOP-PCR techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Endophytic <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. identified by morphological as well as molecular techniques, which exhibited broad a spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative human and phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. TLC bioautography detects the production of antimicrobial metabolites.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This preliminary study revealed that endophytic <em>Phomopsis</em> species are prolific producer of antimicrobial metabolites with wide range of antimicrobial activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80238063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial activity of pigment produced from Micrococcus luteus KF532949","authors":"Kaliappan Umadevi,&nbsp;Marimuthu Krishnaveni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>The problems of synthetic pigment causing toxicity and carcinogenicity in the human body decrease its use. Therefore, interest in natural pigment production is increasing. Therefore, the marine environment has recently become an attractive research subject for many investigations, because of its rich biodiversity. Attempt has been initiated to isolate <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> from marina beach water.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sea water sample isolated was allowed to grow in a Zobell marine agar medium and incubated at 37 °C for one week. The isolated strain from marine source was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The GC content was found to be 58.6%. Phylogenetic tree analysis was performed to know the sequences that are closely related. The strain was assessed for pigment production in Zobell marine broth and incubated at 37 °C for two days. The swab sticks collected from hospital were streaked directly on the labelled agar plates such as eosin methylene blue, MacConkey, nutrient, blood, mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and characterized. The antibacterial activity of crude pigment was tested against wound isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The individual yellow colour colonies obtained was sequenced, submitted to gene bank under the accession number KF532949. Phylogenetic analysis revealed, that the identified strain <em>M. luteus</em> is closely related to various <em>Micrococcus</em> sp. The crude pigment showed promising results against <em>Staphylococcus</em> sp., <em>Klebsiella</em> sp., <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. isolated from wound.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>From this result, we can conclude that the isolated strain <em>M. luteus</em> is able to act against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100693,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical and Analytical Science","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ijcas.2013.08.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}