Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A case report from non-endemic Australia on systemic melioidosis presenting with septic arthritis","authors":"Buddhika Dhananjalee Alahakoon,&nbsp;Monarita Handa,&nbsp;Shiromali Malalasekara","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical spectrum of melioidosis can vary from a simple skin infection and pneumonia to severe septicaemia with multiorgan failure. Bone involvement in melioidosis is generally low, and the major risk factor is the delay in diagnosing the primary site infection. We present a case of septic arthritis with primary lung melioidosis, whose diagnosis of pulmonary melioidosis was delayed for 5 weeks leading to a septicaemia and septic arthritis. This case highlights the importance of improved clinical awareness among health practitioners and a low threshold for radiological screening of high-risk patients, even in non-endemic areas. It also highlights the fact that having adjunctive open arthrotomy in managing joint infection in melioidosis improves the clinical response to treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized immunization against Mpox Clades I and Ib: Strategies to combat the emerging epidemic","authors":"Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Shriyansh Srivastava ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Sirajunisa Talath ,&nbsp;Javedh Shareef ,&nbsp;Bhupendra G. Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the <em>Orthopoxvirus</em> genus, with recent outbreaks of Clade I and Ib in Central Africa presenting a considerable global health threat. This study reviews current Mpox immunization approaches, focusing on the MVA-BN, LC16-KMB, and OrthopoxVac vaccines. MVA-BN vaccination has been successful in lowering infection risks, particularly in high-risk individuals and is widely used in the USA. LC16-KMB is recommended by the World Health Organization for prevention in afflicted regions. OrthopoxVac, a newer vaccination authorized in Russia, provides wide protection. Adapting vaccination approaches based on epidemiology in particular areas is critical for minimizing Mpox outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the drivers of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in China: A comprehensive ecological study","authors":"Jiongjiong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Li ,&nbsp;Xinying Du ,&nbsp;Huiqun Jia ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Guangcai Duan ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Ligui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are now considered a global public health issue. In this study, we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study was performed between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2021. Data covering the consumption of vancomycin, the prevalence of vancomycin resistance, and relevant demographics were collected. Spearman's rank correlation, beta regression, and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> (VRE_fm). Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption, rural population, proportion of population aged ≥65, annual temperature, and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_fm prevalence (<em>r</em> = 56.22, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = 0.0002, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = 0.06, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = −0.07, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; and <em>r</em> = −0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_fm resistance; the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 were significant but relatively minimal. Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_fm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for sequela of central nervous system infections","authors":"Hongyun Huang ,&nbsp;Paul R. Sanberg ,&nbsp;Hari Shanker Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of health policy and management in epidemic control: COVID-19 and beyond","authors":"Zeyu Zhang ,&nbsp;You Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick-, flea- and mite-borne pathogens and associated diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh: a review","authors":"Marina E. Eremeeva,&nbsp;Shobhan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This scoping review provides a baseline summary of the current records of the ticks, fleas, and mites of public health importance that are present in Bangladesh. It summarizes their geographic distributions and reports the levels of their infestation of livestock, pets, wildlife, and humans, and the clinical and epidemiological studies pertinent to these vectors and their pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-one articles were identified in a literature search, including 43 published since 2011.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve articles contained reliable information on ticks and their associated hosts. However, information on fleas and mites in Bangladesh is very limited. Seventeen species of ixodid ticks that commonly parasitize peridomestic animals and can bite humans are described: <em>Rhipicephalus microplus, R. appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hyalomma anatolicum</em>, and <em>Amblyomma testudinarium</em>. Thirty-eight veterinary articles describe livestock pathogens, including <em>Babesia, Anaplasma</em>, and <em>Theileria</em>, and the diseases they cause. Few of those studies used modern molecular techniques to identify these pathogens. Eleven articles reported human diseases or surveillance studies, 10 from the last 10 years. Two country-wide serosurveys of 1,209 and 720 patients, using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), respectively, reported human exposure to <em>Orientia tsutsugamushi</em> (8.8%–23.7%), typhus and spotted-fever group rickettsiae (19.7%–66.6%), and <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> (3%). The seropositivity rates varied regionally. PCR-based studies confirmed that febrile patients in Bangladesh may be infected with <em>O. tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia felis</em>, or <em>Bartonella elizabethae</em>. Only limited molecular research has been done with dogs and cats. These studies have reported PCR-confirmed canine infections with <em>Babesia gibsoni</em> (30%), <em>Anaplasma bovis</em> (58%), or <em>Rickettsia monacenis</em> (14%, <em>n</em>=50), and feline infections with <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (21%, <em>n</em>=100). Similarly, fleas from cats tested positive for <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (20.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that diseases borne by non-mosquito vectors in Bangladesh urgently require more attention from public health, medical, and veterinary specialists to establish their true occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Hainan Province of China based on O-antigen","authors":"Jinzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Lu ,&nbsp;Liangpeng Suo ,&nbsp;Minyang Wang ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Yue ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Xuhu Mao ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Jingmin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> is a gram-negative bacterium widely found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium, which lacks an available vaccine, is the causative agent of melioidosis and has properties that potentially enable its exploitation as a bioweapon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting each of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genetic types were used to investigate genotype frequencies in <em>B. pseudomallei</em> populations. Silver staining, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and immunofluorescence were used to characterize LPS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, a total of 169 clinical <em>B. pseudomallei</em> isolates were collected from Hainan Province, China between 2004 and 2016. The results showed that LPS genotype A was the predominant type, comprising 91.1% of the samples, compared with only 8.9% of LPS genotype B. The majority of patients were male and were diagnosed with sepsis or pneumonia. Silver staining and GC-MS demonstrated that LPS genotypes A and B exhibited distinct phenotypes and molecular structures. Immunofluorescence tests showed there was no cross-reaction between LPS genotypes A and B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> based on O-antigen in China. Tracking the regional distribution of different LPS genotypes offers significant insights relevant to the development and administration of LPS-based vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the bacterial microbiome of ticks in Chongwe and Chisamba Districts of Zambia","authors":"Malala Mulavu ,&nbsp;Cynthia Sipho Khumalo ,&nbsp;Lavel Moonga ,&nbsp;Kyoko Hayashida ,&nbsp;Benjamin Mubemba ,&nbsp;Katendi Changula ,&nbsp;Edgar Simulundu ,&nbsp;Walter Muleya ,&nbsp;Simbarashe Chitanga","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The microbiome composition of an arthropod vector may impede the growth of some pathogens, aid colonisation by pathogens or affect vector behaviour in ways that impact the transmission of pathogens. In Zambia, little is known of the microbial communities hosted by ticks and how pathogens like <em>Rickettsia</em> play a role in the microbiome composition.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study sought to determine the microbiome of <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and <em>Rickettsia</em>-positive ticks in selected districts of Zambia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 94 ticks collected from cattle in Chongwe and Chisamba districts. The overall prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. was detected using PCR amplification of the <em>ompB</em> gene. Thereafter, both <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and positive ticks underwent <em>16S rRNA</em> gene amplification and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Data was analysed using QIIME2 analysis pipeline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> was found to be 47.9% (45/94) with prevalence in <em>Amblyomma</em> at 78.5% (22/28), <em>Hyalomma</em> at 68.9% (20/29) and <em>Rhipicephalus</em> having the lowest at 8.1% (3/37). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Euryachaeota were the most common phyla, while endosymbionts were uncommonly detected in the ticks. Further analysis showed significant differences in microbiome composition based on <em>Rickettsia</em> detection status (<em>p</em>=0.001) and location (<em>p</em>=0.001), based on the alpha diversity Shannon index, Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA, whilst differences according to life stage, tick species and genus was only shown based on the Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the structure of the tick microbiome in parts of Zambia and how it is affected by the presence of <em>Rickettsia</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of disulfidptosis-related genes in sepsis","authors":"Wenlu Zou,&nbsp;Lintao Sai,&nbsp;Wen Sai,&nbsp;Li Song,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sepsis is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among the elderly and patients in intensive care units. Disulfidptosis, a newly identified form of cell death triggered by disulfide stress, is emerging as a significant factor in disease progression. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of disulfidptosis-related genes in sepsis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained two datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to conduct our analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to identify relevant biological pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes critical to sepsis. Additionally, we analyzed the immune infiltration status in sepsis patients. The diagnostic value of these hub genes for sepsis was evaluated using nomograms, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves in both training and validation datasets. Finally, a miRNA-immune-related hub genes (miRNA-IHGs) regulatory network was developed to elucidate the synergistic interactions between miRNAs and their target genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3,469 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which seven were related to disulfidptosis (DR-DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that DR-DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to actin dynamics. Five hub genes (MYH10, ACTN4, MYH9, FLNA, and IQGAP1) were identified as central to these processes. The analysis of immune infiltration revealed significantly lower levels of 11 immune cell types, while macrophages and regulatory T cells were significantly elevated in sepsis patients. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the IHGs risk prediction model were 0.917 and 0.894 for the training and validation sets, respectively. A miRNA-IHGs regulatory network, comprising 17 nodes and 27 edges, was constructed, with MYH9 being the most frequently regulated by miRNAs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pathophysiological process of sepsis appears to involve disulfidptosis, highlighting it as a potential new therapeutic targets for sepsis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple-site decontamination in critically ill patients requires careful implementation","authors":"Yuetian Yu ,&nbsp;Bin Lin ,&nbsp;Lihui Wang ,&nbsp;Chunhui Xu ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EPIC III study showed that 52% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have infectious diseases and that the incidence of ICU-acquired infections is increasing, leading to longer ICU stays and higher mortality rates. Multiple-site decontamination, a type of selective decontamination program, has been associated with a reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired infection and decreased mortality rates in some critically ill patients. However, the standardized implementation and actual effectiveness of multiple-site decontamination require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}