Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection characteristics among students and staff in a large high school COVID-19 outbreak and secondary transmission in households","authors":"Chen Stein-Zamir ,&nbsp;Ora Sinai-Zaken ,&nbsp;Eti Zvulun ,&nbsp;Ghada Najajra ,&nbsp;Rinat Pinto ,&nbsp;Shahar Koren ,&nbsp;Hanna Shoob ,&nbsp;Nitza Abramson","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>SARS-CoV-2 clinical presentation is associated with the patients’ age group. Overall, young individuals present higher proportions of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection, compared to adults. Data on secondary COVID-19 transmission in households, according to the cases’ age group, are accumulating.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a follow-up cohort study including all COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed cases (adolescent students and school staff) diagnosed in an epidemiological investigation of a large high school outbreak. We compared the adolescent and adult groups regarding clinical symptoms, time to negative COVID-19 RT-PCR tests, and infection transmission in households.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study population included 817 persons. The confirmed COVID-19 RT-PCR outbreak cases (<em>n</em> = 178) were followed (students aged 12–19 years, median age 14 years, <em>n</em> = 153, school staff aged 24–67 years, median age 39 years, <em>n</em> = 25) and the cases’ household close contacts (<em>n</em> = 639) were tested. The adolescents had lower symptomatic infection rates, shorter time to negative COVID-19 RT-PCR tests, and lower transmission rates to household members, compared to the adults. The general transmission rate among household contacts was 13.5%, (86/639) ranging from 8.6% in asymptomatic students’ contacts to 27.3% in symptomatic staff contacts. COVID-19 transmission rates were significantly higher in contacts of symptomatic cases compared to asymptomatic cases (odds ratio: 2.06, 95% CI 1.26–3.4) and higher in adults compared to adolescents (odds ratio: 2.69, 95% CI 1.43–4.89).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Adolescents and adults diagnosed in an outbreak investigation differ as to COVID-19 clinical presentation and transmission. As adolescents may show mild or no symptoms, COVID-19 prevention in school settings is challenging. Implementing nonpharmaceutical measures and promoting vaccination programs in eligible staff and students should be considered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory response to an infant with suspected measles vaccine associated fever and rash in Sri Lanka","authors":"Buddhini Samaraweera ,&nbsp;Malsha G. Thrimavithana ,&nbsp;Lakmini Gunathilake ,&nbsp;Prabath Gankanda ,&nbsp;Janitha Nanayakkara ,&nbsp;Janaki I. Abeynayake","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Measles is a highly contagious illness. Sri Lanka (SL) has eliminated the measles in 2019. The country is at risk of importation of measles and there could be vaccine-associated measles like illnesses. Therefore, it is important to investigate patients with fever, rash to differentiate the wild-type from vaccine-type excluding other suspected pathogens to direct infection prevention and control strategies. The objective is to describe the laboratory investigation procedure in an immunocompetent child, developed fever, rash following measles containing vaccine in post-measles eliminated period, SL.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This laboratory based investigation was carried out in National Measles Laboratory, SL. Blood and throat swab were received from a patient with fever, rash, cough and coryza developed at tenth day of receiving the measles containing live-attenuated vaccine. Samples were tested for measles, rubella, and other relevant pathogens according to the laboratory testing algorithm for an immunocompetent child with fever, rash and flu like symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Measles vaccine type A, Edmonston-strain virus was detected after sequencing in throat swab and measles IgM and IgG were positive at sixth-week of illness-onset. In addition, influenza A RNA was detected in throat swab at day-three with detectable parvoB19 IgM in blood sample received at sixth-week of post-onset symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Measles like illness of this immunocompetent child who received measles containing vaccine could be due to measles vaccine-type A or influenza infection. In a measles eliminated, resource-limited setting in SL, there should be a well-defined, testing algorithm to exclude prevalent possible pathogens according to epidemiological and clinical information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ci Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanqing Xu ,&nbsp;Shimin Zheng ,&nbsp;Yanxiao Gao ,&nbsp;Peiqi Li ,&nbsp;Luojia Deng ,&nbsp;Xuezhixing Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianxue Jiang ,&nbsp;Frank Qian ,&nbsp;Xianhong Li ,&nbsp;Honghong Wang ,&nbsp;Huachun Zou ,&nbsp;Yinglin Xia ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Han-Zhu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A search of 4 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases) as of January 24, 2021 was performed. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Studies which reported the transmission rate among close contacts with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases were included, and transmission activities occurred were considered. The transmission rates were pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution. The risk ratios (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 4923 records retrieved and reviewed, 15 studies including 3917 close contacts with asymptomatic indexes were eligible. The pooled transmission rates were 1.79 per 100 person-days (or 1.79%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41%–3.16%) by asymptomatic index, which is significantly lower than by presymptomatic (5.02%, 95% CI 2.37%–7.66%; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001), and by symptomatic (5.27%, 95% CI 2.40%–8.15%; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the household transmission rate of asymptomatic index was (4.22%, 95% CI 0.91%–7.52%), four times significantly higher than non-household transmission (1.03%, 95% CI 0.73%–1.33%; <em>p</em>=0.03), and the asymptomatic transmission rate in China (1.82%, 95% CI 0.11%–3.53%) was lower than in other countries (2.22%, 95% CI 0.67%–3.77%; <em>p</em>=0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>People with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of transmitting the virus to their close contacts, particularly in household settings. The transmission potential of asymptomatic infection is lower than symptomatic and presymptomatic infections. This meta-analysis provides evidence for predicting the epidemic trend and promulgating vaccination and other control measures. Registered with PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42021269446; <span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269446</span><svg><path></path></svg>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV complicated with Rhodococcus equi infection: A case report","authors":"Xinmin Xu ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Duochun Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Wei ,&nbsp;Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Rhodococcus equi</em> is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that mainly infects immunodeficient individuals, such as those with HIV infection. In <em>R. equi</em>-infected individuals, serious lung lesions can develop and death may result without appropriate antiviral treatment. This bacterium is rare in clinic and there is little information regarding its diagnosis and treatment. To improve our understanding, this case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HIV complicated with <em>R. equi</em> infection from Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 281-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000533/pdfft?md5=7eb857b1c22384614b630443b5abec6f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000533-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in breast milk after vaccination with the protein subunit vaccine Abdala","authors":"Maylin Pérez-Bernal ,&nbsp;Carlos Hernández ,&nbsp;Rafael Ibargollín ,&nbsp;Midalis Martínez ,&nbsp;Migdiala Soria ,&nbsp;Magali Delgado ,&nbsp;Onel Valdivia ,&nbsp;Dayamí Dorta ,&nbsp;Andy Domínguez ,&nbsp;Enrique Pérez ,&nbsp;Yeosvany Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 vaccines that trigger a strong secretory antibody response in breast milk may achieve effective passive protection of vulnerable newborns and breastfed infants of immunized mothers. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies in breast milk, 5 and 9 weeks after vaccination with 3 doses of the protein subunit vaccine Abdala, compared to those found in breast milk from COVID-19-recovered women, collected at least 40 days after the infection.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were semi-quantified by indirect ELISA, using a homemade standard generated by pooling twenty breast milk samples with high absorbance values according to preliminary data. The validity of the standard curves was proved following the European Medicines Agency Guideline. Two breast milk samples from 2 unvaccinated women who had not been infected with COVID-19 were included as negative controls. Potentially neutralizing antibodies was assessed by a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>High levels of anti-RBD IgA antibodies were detected in breast milk samples 9 weeks after vaccination and anti-RBD IgG antibodies rise from the fifth to the ninth week. In the post-COVID-19 time that was evaluated, the IgG-type response was notably higher compared to both post-vaccination periods. Neutralizing antibody titers were similar in breast milk from vaccinated and COVID-19 recovered women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first report about the immune response in breast milk after the administration of a COVID-19 protein subunit vaccine, which could provide analogous protection to that conferred by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This implies a potential passive immunity that breastfed infants receive from their mothers vaccinated with Abdala.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000557/pdfft?md5=1b4787a1f4fa1912988937008f6dadb3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000557-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first strain of monkeypox isolated in the Chinese Mainland and preserved at the National Pathogen Resource Center of China","authors":"Qiang Wei ,&nbsp;Baoying Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Jingdong Song ,&nbsp;Li Mei ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Yin ,&nbsp;Juan Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenling Wang ,&nbsp;Fei Ye ,&nbsp;Caiyun Li ,&nbsp;Liling Bai ,&nbsp;Yanhai Wang ,&nbsp;Yao Deng ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Mengnan Jiang ,&nbsp;Guizhen Wu ,&nbsp;Jun Han ,&nbsp;Hua Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Ling ,&nbsp;Jianjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On September 16, 2022, the first imported monkeypox case was reported in the Chinese Mainland. Laboratory tests including nucleic acid detection were carried out in Chongqing Nan'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After that, monkeypox virus was isolated by the Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention and preserved at the National Pathogen Resource Center on September 18, 2022. The National Pathogen Resource Center shared the basic information of monkeypox virus strain, samples, biosafety, strain imaging, RT-PCR primers, and probes sequence timely to support the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemic and facilitate the scientific research on vaccine development, drug screening and evaluation of monkeypox virus in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 288-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000570/pdfft?md5=88ea256aabfc5c6954007a61efcb9d5f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000570-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on neutralizing epitopes and antibodies for the Rabies virus","authors":"Chenjuan Shi ,&nbsp;Peilu Sun ,&nbsp;Pan Yang ,&nbsp;Lele Liu ,&nbsp;Li Tian ,&nbsp;Wenkai Liu ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Xuexing Zheng ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease with a high fatality rate. It is caused by a virus in the genus <em>Lyssavirus</em> and is a global public health threat. The rabies virus invades and infects cells mainly via a glycoprotein, which may involve multiple receptors. Neutralizing antibodies against the rabies virus function by blocking the binding of the glycoprotein to a receptor or preventing the membrane fusion process. Vaccination combined with anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibodies is essential for postexposure prophylaxis for category III exposure to the rabies virus. In this review, we discussed the neutralizing epitopes of the rabies virus and the neutralization mechanism of monoclonal antibodies. The neutralizing antibodies that have been commercialized or are under development are also summarized. Our review would provide a basis for the further development of safe and effective broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies to replace the rabies virus immunoglobulin in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 262-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000429/pdfft?md5=8c1ecaa2cdd62fad74ffebeda3cd6f34&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 antibody level differences in healthcare workers post vaccination in Siloam hospitals: A nationwide multicenter study","authors":"Allen Widysanto ,&nbsp;Ignatius Bima Prasetya ,&nbsp;Tandry Meriyanti ,&nbsp;Veli Sungono ,&nbsp;Diane Lukito Setiawan ,&nbsp;Edy Gunawan ,&nbsp;Bayu Adiputra ,&nbsp;Jane Olivia Lorens ,&nbsp;Theresia Santi ,&nbsp;Cindy Meidy Leony Pradhana ,&nbsp;Irawan Yusuf ,&nbsp;Catherine Gunawan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Several vaccines have been approved against COVID-19, and 5 have been used in Indonesia. Due to the decrease in antibody levels 3 to 6 months after the second dose of CoronaVac, healthcare workers received the third booster of mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273) to increase the antibody level. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of anti-S-RBD IgG levels differences in healthcare workers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study is a retrospective cohort study of 576 healthcare workers without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who received 2 doses of CoronaVac and the third dose of mRNA-1273 6 months after the second dose. Blood samples were obtained 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th weeks after the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine administration, with mRNA-1273 booster on week 20. Quantitative measurements of IgG antibodies were performed with Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. We identify the baseline factors predicting post-vaccination antibody titers using univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study comprised 576 participants aged 32 years old, 72.05% female, and 45.84% from high-risk occupation subgroups. The median antibodies titer level on the 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th weeks after the second vaccine dose administration were 40.99 u/mL, 42.01 u/mL, 54.78 u/mL, and 23,225 u/mL. Antibody levels trended highest in female and younger age group (20-29 years old).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The third dose of vaccine increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titers and eliminated differences in antibodies titer by gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 229-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000491/pdfft?md5=443ed53aaec0fad03cb5842622cd848e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteremia complicated with pneumonia caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae","authors":"Xiaojun Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuebing Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Wu ,&nbsp;Meihui Huang ,&nbsp;Shaoling Wang ,&nbsp;Xuming Wang ,&nbsp;Haijian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the use of vaccines, infections caused by <em>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</em> are now rare. Here we describe a case of bacteremia complicated with pneumonia caused by <em>C. diphtheriae</em> in a 69-year-old male patient. The patient presented at the emergency department with a 2 days history of fever of unknown origin. Subsequent examinations revealed pneumonia and bacteremia. Non-toxigenic <em>C. diphtheriae</em> strains were isolated from blood and sputum. The patient had antimicrobial therapy with good improvement. We highlight the important role of <em>C. diphtheriae</em> in causing bacteremia and pneumonia, and its accurate and timely diagnosis is needed to avoid poor visual outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 276-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000569/pdfft?md5=2ba6ac1b98956922f95f0afd89d7a784&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 rebound after oral treatment in a nursing home facility: A case series","authors":"Alex P. Betrosian ,&nbsp;Stavros M. Christou ,&nbsp;Stavroula Kalathaki","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paxlovid (nirmatrevir/ritonavir) is a 2 drug regimen taken together twice daily for 5 days was authorized for emergency use for nonhospitalized patients who are at risk for the progression of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, recurrence of symptoms 2–8 days after completing the treatment course has been recently recognized. In some cases patients tested negative on a direct SARS-CoV-2 viral test and then tested positive again (rebound COVID-19). The disease is mild and requires no additional antiviral treatment. Data are limited based on anecdotal case reports and few studies. According to the available data it is unclear if rebound symptoms are due to the drug treatment, drug resistance, re-infection or impaired immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X22000521/pdfft?md5=d34f7a478a560d6ed9f8d0698451247d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X22000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71732696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}