Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The liver-to-spleen ratio is a risk factor predicting oxygen demand in COVID-19 patients","authors":"Hiromasa Nakayasu,&nbsp;Shogo Sakurai,&nbsp;Shuichi Sugiyama,&nbsp;Kotaro Shiratori,&nbsp;Kohei Okawa,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Kitahara,&nbsp;Shingo Takahashi,&nbsp;Toshihiro Masuda,&nbsp;Yutaro Kishimoto,&nbsp;Mika Saigusa,&nbsp;Akito Yamamoto,&nbsp;Taisuke Akamatsu,&nbsp;Satoru Morita,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Asada,&nbsp;Toshihiro Shirai","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We aimed to investigate risk factors predicting oxygen demand in COVID-19 patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients admitted to Shizuoka General Hospital with COVID-19 from August 2020 to August 2021 were included. First, we divided patients into groups with and without oxygen demand. Then, we compared patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory and radiological findings to determine factors predicting oxygen demand.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred seventy patients with COVID-19 (aged 58±15 years, 57 females) were enrolled. Common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases (47.6%), diabetes mellitus (28.8%), and dyslipidemia (26.5%). Elder age, higher body mass index, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, lower lymphocyte count, albumin, hepatic attenuation value, and the liver-to-spleen ratio (L/S), higher D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, troponin-T, C-reactive protein, KL-6, chest and abdominal circumference, and visceral fat were found in patients with oxygen demand. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, L/S, lymphocyte count, D-dimer, and abdominal circumference under the diaphragm were independent risk factors predicting oxygen demand in COVID-19 patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>On admission, L/S, lymphocyte count, D-dimer, and abdominal circumference were predictive factors for oxygen demand. These factors may help in the appropriate triage of COVID-19 patients in the decision to admit them to the hospital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital bed capacity across in Tunisia hospital during the first 4 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive analysis","authors":"Slimane BenMiled ,&nbsp;Chiraz Borgi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hsairi ,&nbsp;Naoufel Somrani ,&nbsp;Amira Kebir","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, and Tunisia implemented a containment and targeted screening strategy. The country's public health policy has since focused on managing hospital beds.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study analyzed the bed occupancy rates in public hospitals in Tunisia during the pandemic. The evolution of daily cases and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) actions undertaken by the Tunisian Government were also analyzed. The study used 3 indices to assess bed flexibility: Ramp duration until the peak, ramp growth until the peak, and ramp rate until the peak. The study also calculated the time shift at the start and peak of each wave to evaluate the government's response efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study found that the evolution of the epidemic in Tunisia had 2 phases. The first phase saw the pandemic being controlled due to strong NPI actions, while the second phase saw a relaxation of measures and an increase in wave intensity. ICU bed availability followed the demand for beds, but ICU bed occupancy remained high, with a maximum of 97%. The government's response in terms of bed distribution and reallocation was slow. The study found that the most deadly wave by ICU occupied bed was the third wave due to a historical variant, while the fifth wave due to the delta variant was the most deadly in terms of cumulative death.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study concluded that decision-makers could use its findings to assess their response capabilities in the current pandemic and future ones. The study highlighted the importance of flexible and responsive healthcare systems in managing pandemics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and pleural empyema caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in HIV and COVID 19 infected patient: A case report","authors":"Rosa Anna Passerotto ,&nbsp;Francesco Lamanna ,&nbsp;Damiano Farinacci ,&nbsp;Alex Dusina ,&nbsp;Simona Di Giambenedetto ,&nbsp;Arturo Ciccullo ,&nbsp;Alberto Borghetti","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyzed the case of a 49-year-old woman with HIV infection off-therapy with poor viro-immunological compensation, not vaccinated for SARS-COV-2, hospitalized for lobar pneumonia and severe COVID19-related respiratory failure in intensive care unit (ICU). The hospitalization was complicated by bacteraemic ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (MDR-AB) isolated on pleural fluid culture, treated with colistin and cefiderocol for about 3 weeks. The molecular research of MDR-AB on transtracheal aspirate was negative following this therapy.</p><p>The aim is to show the safety, efficacy and tolerability of colistin-based combination therapy with cefiderocol for <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> infection in HIV-infected patient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: An autopsy-based study","authors":"Julio Cesar Mantilla ,&nbsp;Juan José Chaves ,&nbsp;Ferney Africano-Lopez ,&nbsp;Néstor Blanco-Barrera ,&nbsp;Marta Juliana Mantilla","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tuberculosis is a disease of great relevance since it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is an unusual presentation. It is defined as the involvement of any segment of the digestive tract, associated viscera, and peritoneum. The study's main objective is to collect information from autopsies of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tuberculosis in a Pathology reference center in Colombia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective and descriptive study of autopsy reports. A total of 4,500 autopsies were performed between January 2004 and December 2020. The inclusion criteria were authorization of a family member following local law regulations and a final autopsy diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis using microscopic visualization.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-eight patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis autopsies were included in our study. Most of the patients were male (<em>n</em> = 35, 72.9%) with a median age of 40.5 years old. Human immunodeficiency virus infection history was reported in 28 cases (58.33%). The most affected gastrointestinal tract site was the terminal ileum. Ulcers and thickened epithelium were common autopsies macroscopic findings. Tuberculosis multiorgan compromise was a relevant finding in patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Gastrointestinal tuberculosis is a disease of great importance, being its diagnosis a clinical challenge. Underdiagnosis can be reported in a high percentage of cases, so autopsy diagnosis can help reveal more accurate data about this condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 122-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of a commercial molecular assay for the screening of suspected monkeypox cases in Sri Lanka","authors":"H.B.C. Harshani,&nbsp;G.A. Liyanage,&nbsp;D.V.R.G. Ruwan,&nbsp;U.K.I.U. Samaraweera,&nbsp;J.I. Abeynayake","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The main objective of the present study was to compare the diagnostic performance of the commercial LightMix Modular Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) qPCR (TIB Molbiol, Germany) assay with the in-house nonvariola orthopox/monkeypox generic real-time PCR assay (ICMR-NIV, Pune) for the screening of (MPXV) cases at Medical Research Institute (MRI) in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, clinical and sociodemographic data of suspected /confirmed cases received at MRI for the MPXV screening were also analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The diagnostic performance of the commercial LightMix Modular MPXV qPCR assay with the in-house nonvariola orthopox/monkeypox generic real-time PCR assay for the screening of suspected MXPV cases was evaluated using standard methods with minor modifications. Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of suspected and confirmed MPXV cases were also analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The commercial LightMix Modular MPXV assay was able to detect MPXV with 100% sensitivity and specificity with non-variola orthopox/monkeypox generic rtPCR assay. During the period of study, from the total of 25 samples tested, only 2 were MPXV-positive (males). The most common symptoms of suspected MPXV cases were lesions or rashes (92%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>With the continually increasing number of cases, access to MPXV testing should be made more widely available. The commercial LightMix Modular MPXV (TIB Molbiol) qPCR assay offers comparable performance to the non-variola orthopox/monkeypox generic real time PCR assay for MPXV detection during the present outbreak.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox: A comprehensive review of a multifaceted virus","authors":"Randa Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman M. Makram ,&nbsp;Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran ,&nbsp;Shubham Tomar ,&nbsp;Khizer Shamim ,&nbsp;Nguyen Dong Tranh ,&nbsp;Sara S. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thanh Van ,&nbsp;Nguyen Tien Huy","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In May 2022, the world witnessed the re-emergence of the zoonotic disease monkeypox. While this was not the first epidemic of this disease, what differentiated the outbreak was the rapid global spread and increase of cases, which led the WHO to declare monkeypox a global health emergency. Although the disease spreads mainly through inadequately cooked meat of various rodent species, this virus also shows droplet, respiratory, sexual, and even vertical transmission. Monkeypox further multiplies in lymphoproliferative organs and presents with a classical smallpox-like rash, fever, headache, and muscle aches. Diagnosis is confirmed with a polymerase-chain-reaction test and is managed largely supportively with possible usage of some antivirals and immunoglobulins. Moreover, some pre-exposure and postexposure prophylactic vaccines have been developed. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth review of the historical epidemics, transmission, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of the monkeypox disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 74-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Hepatitis B virus and gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rong Yu ,&nbsp;Jingru Huang ,&nbsp;Hewei Peng ,&nbsp;Shuo Yin ,&nbsp;Weijiang Xie ,&nbsp;Shutong Ren ,&nbsp;Xian-E Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An increasing number of studies are suggesting that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may be associated with an increased risk of not only hepatocellular carcinoma but also gastric cancer (GC). Whether HBV infection can be a risk factor for GC remains to be explored. In this study, we systematically searched for all eligible literature in 7 databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase). Eligible studies were required to have a case-control or cohort design. Sixteen studies were included and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 17.0. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The association between HBV infection and risk of GC was quantified by calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. The proportion of high-quality studies was 87.5% (14/16). The risk of GC was higher when HBV infection was present than when it was not (combined odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.44; <em>I</em>² = 62.7%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The results of subgroup analyses were consistent with the main results. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis identified a positive association between HBV infection and an increased risk of GC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage rates for diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and pertussis age-specific booster recommendations in France: 2018 update of the real-world cohort analysis","authors":"Régis Verdier ,&nbsp;Clarisse Marchal ,&nbsp;Manon Belhassen ,&nbsp;Marie Le Pannerer ,&nbsp;Nicole Guiso ,&nbsp;Robert Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2022.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2022.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The French National Immunization Program was updated in 2013 for vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis. Our previous findings on the evolution of age-specific booster vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) up to 2017 suggested suboptimal vaccination coverages due to the pre-2013 recommendation-residual vaccination practices. In the current analysis, we evaluated all age-specific booster VCR and distribution of age at vaccination visits in 2018. In this retrospective observational cohort study, the cumulative booster VCRs were updated at all vaccination visits up to 2018 among the people who were eligible for a booster vaccination, using a 1/97th random sample of French national healthcare reimbursement databases. The cumulative booster VCR for individuals from all age groups increased from 2017 to 2018, except for 85-years-old vaccination visit. Majority of the individuals from all age groups were vaccinated (boosted) with a vaccine containing the pertussis valence. In 2018, sharp peaks corresponding to the recommended ages for booster vaccination visits were observed for individuals aged 6, 11 to 13, 25, 45, and 65 years. Our study reiterates suboptimal coverages in France and implies the need for booster vaccination throughout life for the protection of the population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo timeline of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis, Colombia","authors":"Álvaro A. Faccini-Martínez ,&nbsp;Abraham Katime Zuñiga ,&nbsp;Beatriz Elena Orozco Sebá ,&nbsp;María-José Herrera-Bedoya","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 63-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes","authors":"Mei Hung Joanna Leung,&nbsp;Kin Hang Kung,&nbsp;Ian Siu-kiu Yau,&nbsp;Yan Yee Fung,&nbsp;Kirran Nazesh Mohammad,&nbsp;Cheong Chi Andrew Lau,&nbsp;Ka Wing Albert Au,&nbsp;Shuk Kwan Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs) and for persons with disability (RCHDs) have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong Kong. This article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage, documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes (RCH) residents reported between December 31, 2021 and May 31, 2022 were reviewed, and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or death. Correlation between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was examined. Infected RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and death.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs (median 0.46, IQR: 0.24–0.76) and very low in RCHEs (median 0.08, IQR: 0.00–0.19). Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents (median 0.84, IQR: 0.64–0.93) and higher case fatality rate (CFR: 28.1%) than in RCHDs (median 0.58, IQR: 0.31–0.84; CFR: 3.9%). The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs (ρ = −0.131, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and RCHDs (ρ = −0.333, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose, receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31% and 36% of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively; with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents (54% and 38%, respectively). Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of CoronaVac.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in RCHs. At least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in RCHs during Omicron epidemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}