Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A brief review of chikungunya fever: From molecular virology to countermeasures","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxi Li ,&nbsp;Tianjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Junliang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chikungunya fever (CHIKF), resulting from the chikungunya virus infection, has become a major global health issue in recent years. This review summarizes the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, vaccine development and treatment strategies of the CHIKF. And by integrating the findings from various studies, an attempt is made to propose future research directions and intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical brucellar spondylitis: Current management strategies and future directions","authors":"Feng Li ,&nbsp;Xingguo Tan ,&nbsp;Lian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Tian ,&nbsp;Songkai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical brucellar spondylitis (CBS) is a rare but severe form of osteoarticular brucellosis requiring heightened clinical vigilance. This review delineates current management strategies and proposes future directions for CBS, based on a comprehensive analysis of 37 studies (encompassing 101 CBS cases) identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases. CBS most commonly manifests with neck pain (occurring in 98% of patients) and neurological deficits (77%). Characteristic imaging findings include T1-weighted hypointensity and T2-weighted hyperintensity affecting the intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebrae, frequently accompanied by epidural abscesses (65.3%), while vertebral bone destruction is less common (30.7%). The cervical segments most frequently involved are C5–C6 (28.7%), followed by C4–C5 (19.8%) and C6–C7 (19.8%). First-line antimicrobial therapy typically involves a combination of doxycycline and rifampin administered for 6–12 weeks. Conservative treatment is the recommended approach for patients without severe neurological deficits, significant bone destruction, or spinal instability. Surgical intervention (utilizing anterior, posterior, or combined approaches) is indicated for cases involving progressive neurological deterioration, radiographic progression, or failure of conservative therapy. Effective management of CBS requires strict adherence to the core principles of early and accurate diagnosis, standardized antimicrobial treatment, and precise intervention. Future strategies should focus on advancing rapid molecular diagnostics, innovating drug therapies and surgical techniques, and enhancing multidisciplinary collaboration to improve clinical outcomes in CBS patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in the MENA region: A systematic review with comparative evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Mehraeen ,&nbsp;Sepide Ahmadi ,&nbsp;Soudabeh Yarmohammadi ,&nbsp;Zohal Parmoon ,&nbsp;Amene Abiri ,&nbsp;Mahda Malekshahi ,&nbsp;Ali Moradi ,&nbsp;Soheil Dehghani ,&nbsp;Farid Farahani Rad ,&nbsp;Zahra Soltanali ,&nbsp;Pegah Mirzapour ,&nbsp;Shayesteh Jahanfar","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces distinct challenges in addressing the HIV epidemic, including social stigma, limited surveillance data, and insufficient coverage of prevention services. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV remains a critical public health priority, particularly in regions with rising HIV incidence and constrained health systems. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of PMTCT in the MENA region, identify gaps in effective implementation, and summarize successful interventions and responses. Due to the scarcity of PMTCT studies originating from the MENA region, high-quality studies from Sub-Saharan Africa were also included to provide comparative and contextual evidence relevant to similar resource-limited settings. Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched for articles published up to March 2024, with no restrictions on study design. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using validated tools. A total of 51 studies were included, comprising data from 32,180 HIV-infected mothers and 171,142 infants. The majority of evidence originated from Sub-Saharan Africa, with limited data available from the MENA region. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, particularly highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and lifelong antiretroviral therapy (Option B +), was consistently associated with substantial reductions in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates. Longer duration of antenatal antiretroviral prophylaxis, appropriate infant antiretroviral regimens, and optimized infant-feeding strategies further contributed to improved outcomes. Non-antiretroviral interventions and maternal genetic factors also influenced transmission dynamics. Despite limited region-specific evidence, this review highlights effective PMTCT strategies that are potentially applicable to the MENA region when informed by comparative evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Strengthening access to comprehensive and context-adapted PMTCT services, simplifying treatment pathways, and addressing socio-cultural barriers are essential to reducing vertical HIV transmission in the MENA region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontyphoidal Salmonella encephalopathy in a teenager from Hubei, China","authors":"Hui-Ju Han ,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun-Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Jian-Bo Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nontyphoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) encephalopathy is rare, especially without gastroenteritis. We report a case in a healthy 14-year-old girl presenting with rash and headache, but no diarrhea. Cerebrospinal fluid culture grew Gram-negative bacilli. Genomic sequencing identified a multidrug-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium ST36 strain. The patient progressed to subarachnoid hemorrhage. This case highlights that invasive NTS disease can present atypically in adolescents. NTS should be considered in encephalopathy differentials, irrespective of intestinal symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and genomic characterization of an imported chikungunya virus case in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, September 2025","authors":"Jianxin Pei ,&nbsp;Jingting Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Niu ,&nbsp;Ting Mu ,&nbsp;Ziyang Luo ,&nbsp;Shanshan Du ,&nbsp;Huiqin Wang ,&nbsp;Yuefen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiandong Li ,&nbsp;Zhonglan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To analyze the first imported case of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China, and to provide insights for the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases. An epidemiological investigation and viral detection was performed via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The virus was further characterized using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A 26-year-old female was confirmed to be infected with CHIKV. Genotypic analysis identified the East/Central/South African (ECSA) Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL), specifically the ECSA2 sub-lineage. A key mutation (E1-A226V), known to enhance viral adaptability to <em>Aedes albopictus</em>, was identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 99.21% nucleotide similarity to a CHIKV strain isolated in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, in 2025. No <em>Ae. aegypti</em> or <em>Ae. albopictus</em> were found in Ningxia. This imported case of CHIKV in Ningxia, genetically linked to the ECSA-IOL lineage carrying the E1-A226V mutation, underscores the risk of introduction and potential local transmission of arboviruses via domestic travel. Enhanced surveillance, timely diagnosis, and effective management of imported cases are essential for preventing outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of gut microbiota on leukemia and prospects for novel therapies","authors":"Saba Jalalifar ,&nbsp;Bahar Bajelan ,&nbsp;Reihane Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Roya Ghafoury ,&nbsp;Zahra Kalhori ,&nbsp;Kamran Pooshang-Bagheri ,&nbsp;Reza Nekouian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Faranoush","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Human Microbiome Project has underscored the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in human health, revealing its potential influence on leukemia development, progression, and treatment response. This review summarizes evidence on microbiome-targeted therapies such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, antimicrobial peptides, and nanoparticles. These approaches may improve leukemia treatment outcomes through immune and metabolic modulation and reduced toxicity. Although emerging data suggest beneficial effects, most findings remain correlative and limited by small, heterogeneous studies. Further mechanistic and clinical research is required to clarify causal pathways, standardize interventions, and evaluate long-term safety. Personalized microbiome-based strategies that integrate molecular and immunologic profiling may ultimately refine leukemia management and improve survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and virulence patterns of Helicobacter pylori among patients with suspected peptic ulcer disease in disenfranchised settings","authors":"Marwan Osman ,&nbsp;Rayane Rafei ,&nbsp;Kevin J. Cummings ,&nbsp;Wassim Rafei ,&nbsp;Joseph Awada ,&nbsp;Hayssam Moubayed ,&nbsp;Farah Majzoub ,&nbsp;Hassan Mallat ,&nbsp;Fouad Dabboussi ,&nbsp;Monzer Hamze","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The epidemiology of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> in Lebanon is underreported. We aimed to estimate the infection proportion, clarithromycin resistance, and virulence determinants of <em>H. pylori</em> among symptomatic patients with suspected peptic ulcers in Tripoli, North Lebanon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-seven patients undergoing routine endoscopy screening for peptic ulcers were selected. Culture and Allplex™ <em>H. pylori</em> and ClariR Assay were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clarithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and rifampicin was performed using the E-test method. The virulence factors (<em>cagA, vacA, dupA, iceA1, iceA2</em>, and <em>oipA</em>) were screened and/or typed by PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 32.2 % (28/87) of the patients were found to be infected with <em>H. pylori</em>. Five isolates were resistant to clarithromycin, associated with specific point mutations of A2143G (4/5) or A2142C (1/5). The <em>vacA</em> was found in all tested isolates, with s2m2 being the predominant <em>vacA</em> genotype. The 3′ end variable region of <em>cagA</em> was identified in 44.4% of isolates, where <em>cagA</em> typing indicated their belonging to Western types. The other virulence determinants were <em>dupA</em> (77.8%), <em>iceA1</em> (61.1%), <em>oipA</em> (55.6%), and <em>iceA2</em> (50%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings demonstrate the circulation of <em>H. pylori</em> among symptomatic patients with suspected peptic ulcers in Lebanon, characterized by a rich and diverse pool of virulence genes and the emergence of resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Large-scale surveillance is crucial for quantifying the burden of <em>H. pylori</em> infection, monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends, and ensuring timely updates to eradication treatment policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SpecFlu-Net: A frequency-aware neural architecture with temporal-dependency optimization for long-term seasonal influenza transmission forecasting","authors":"Tianyi Feng ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Chunyan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Seasonal influenza poses severe global health and economic burdens, demanding reliable long-term (3–6 months) forecasts for proactive public-health interventions. However, influenza surveillance data exhibits four key idiosyncrasies—quasi-periodicity with drifting phase, sharp asymmetric peaks, collinear seasonal exogenous drivers, and temporal inconsistency in non-autoregressive (NAR) decoding-that existing methods address in isolation, lacking a unified solution.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We propose SpecFlu-Net, a lightweight frequency-aware neural architecture for long-term influenza transmission forecasting. It integrates two core components: (1) a frequency-domain encoder, which lifts historical incidence data to the complex frequency domain via learnable discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to preserve phase information (critical for peak timing) and denoise signals through energy compaction; (2) an NAR decoding framework enhanced by temporal-dependency tuning (TDT) loss, which penalizes deviations between predicted and ground-truth first differences and adaptively balances training focus between absolute accuracy and epidemic shape. Theoretically, the complex-valued multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layer in SpecFlu-Net equals a time-domain global convolution (ensuring interpretability and parameter efficiency), and TDT loss prevents gradient flow into historical data for stable training.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Evaluations on three real-world influenza datasets across 3–24 weeks horizons show SpecFlu-Net outperforms state-of-the-art baselines consistently.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SpecFlu-Net provides a unified solution to influenza data challenges, delivering epidemiologically coherent long-term forecasts to support proactive public health, and is adaptable to other seasonal infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146189086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel use of oral delafloxacin monotherapy in staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis: A case report","authors":"Antonio Mastroianni,&nbsp;Valeria Vangeli,&nbsp;Giuliana Guadagnino,&nbsp;Luciana Chidichimo,&nbsp;Lavinia Berardelli,&nbsp;Sonia Greco","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2026.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delafloxacin (DLFX), a new anionic fluoroquinolone, has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of bacterial skin and skin structure infections and by the FDA for community-acquired pneumonia. This report describes a novel use of DFX as oral monotherapy in the treatment of staphylococcal prosthetic endocarditis. Prospective data would be useful to identify future opportunities for the use of this new fluoroquinolone in endocarditis both as monotherapy and for oral use,to simplify antibiotic regimen and to improve patients' quality of life and adherence to therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Isolation and characterization of a novel coltivirus from Haemaphysalis concinna ticks in Northeastern China” [Infectious Medicine 4 (2025) 100179]","authors":"Yu-Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Ji-Xu Li ,&nbsp;Rui-Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Qi-Kai Yin ,&nbsp;Shi-Hong Fu ,&nbsp;Kai Nie ,&nbsp;Qian-Qian Cui ,&nbsp;Song-Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Wei ,&nbsp;Fan Li ,&nbsp;Xing-Zhou Li ,&nbsp;Huan-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145869409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}