Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in nutritional metabolism studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"Yufen Jiang ,&nbsp;Linle Xu ,&nbsp;Xuexing Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongbo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), metabolic research has become crucial for in-depth exploration of viral infection mechanisms and in searching for therapeutic strategies. This paper summarizes the interrelationships between carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism and COVID-19 infection, discussing their roles in infection progression. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to insulin resistance and increased glycolysis, reducing glucose utilization and shifting metabolism to use fat as an energy source. Fat is crucial for viral replication, and imbalances in amino acid metabolism may interfere with immune regulation. Consequently, metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia, hypolipidemia, and deficiency of certain amino acids following SARS-CoV-2 infection can contribute to progression toward severe conditions. These metabolic pathways not only have potential value in prediction and diagnosis but also provide new perspectives for the development of therapeutic strategies. By monitoring metabolic changes, infection severity can be predicted early, and modulating these metabolic pathways may help reduce inflammatory responses, improve immune responses, and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Research on the relationship between metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 infection provides an important scientific basis for addressing the global challenge posed by COVID-19, however, further studies are needed to validate these findings and provide more effective strategies for disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized immunization against Mpox Clades I and Ib: Strategies to combat the emerging epidemic","authors":"Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Shriyansh Srivastava ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Sirajunisa Talath ,&nbsp;Javedh Shareef ,&nbsp;Bhupendra G. Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic virus of the <em>Orthopoxvirus</em> genus, with recent outbreaks of Clade I and Ib in Central Africa presenting a considerable global health threat. This study reviews current Mpox immunization approaches, focusing on the MVA-BN, LC16-KMB, and OrthopoxVac vaccines. MVA-BN vaccination has been successful in lowering infection risks, particularly in high-risk individuals and is widely used in the USA. LC16-KMB is recommended by the World Health Organization for prevention in afflicted regions. OrthopoxVac, a newer vaccination authorized in Russia, provides wide protection. Adapting vaccination approaches based on epidemiology in particular areas is critical for minimizing Mpox outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel drug targets for monkeypox: From viral to host proteins","authors":"Zhaozhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Qin Sun ,&nbsp;Yunhai Xu ,&nbsp;Youya Niu ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Shuidong Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ongoing threat of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) underscores the need for new antiviral treatments, yet drug targets and candidate therapies are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Calculating the centrality, conservation, and immunogenicity of MPXV proteins in the network to identify viral drug targets. Constructing the MIP-human protein interaction network and identifying key human proteins as potential drug targets through network topology analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We constructed a comprehensive protein–protein interaction (PPI) network between MPXV and humans, using data from the P-HIPSTer database. This network included 113 viral proteins and 2 607 MPXV-interacting human proteins (MIPs). We identified three MPXV proteins (OPG054, OPG084, and OPG190) as key targets for antiviral drugs, as well as 95 critical MIPs (most interacting MIPs, MMIPs) within the MPXV–human PPI network. Further analysis revealed 31 MMIPs as potential targets for broad-spectrum antiviral agents, supported by their involvement in other viral interactions. Functional enrichment of MIPs indicated their roles in infection and immune-related pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In total, we identified 112 drugs targeting MPXV proteins and 371 drugs targeting MMIPs, with fostamatinib, trilostane, and raloxifene being able to inhibit both viral and host proteins. This work provides critical insights into MPXV–human interactions and supports the development of targeted antiviral therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term protective efficacy of the Escherichia coli-produced HPV-16/18 bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in women vaccinated at 18–45 years: A 9-year follow-up study","authors":"Xinhua Jia ,&nbsp;Shangying Hu ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Kuang ,&nbsp;Youlin Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To assess the enduring protective efficacy of the recombinant human papilloma virus (HPV) 16/18 bivalent vaccine (produced in <em>Escherichia coli</em>) in preventing HPV infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A long-term follow-up study was conducted in Xinmi, Henan Province, in September 2022, 9 years post-administration of the initial vaccine dose. This study was grounded in the phase III clinical trial of the vaccine (NCT01735006). Participants were recalled to collect exfoliated cervical cells for HPV DNA genotyping. The long-term protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV infection was evaluated using Poisson distribution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1 123 volunteers were recalled, comprising 558 individuals in the experimental group and 565 in the control group, with mean ages of 30.80 ± 7.33 years and 30.64 ± 7.51 years, respectively. At baseline (0 days before vaccination), 147 participants (13.09%) were infected with any type of HPV. By the ninth year of follow-up, the overall HPV infection rate within the entire cohort had increased to 16.65%. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the demonstrated protective efficacy against HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-16/18 was 83.12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.20–98.17), 100.00% (95% CI: −10.50 to 100.00) and 87.34% (95% CI: 46.17–98.59), respectively. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, the protective efficacy of the vaccine against HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-16/18 was 82.90% (95% CI: 23.20–98.14), 100.00% (−10.71 to 100.00), and 87.36% (95% CI: 46.20–98.59), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vaccination with the bivalent HPV vaccine offers long-term protection against HPV-16/18 infections for at least 9 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from a cluster of tuberculosis outbreak in a psychiatric hospital—Shandong Province, 2024","authors":"Shulei Wang ,&nbsp;Peilin Diao ,&nbsp;Jingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Shiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yuelei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin He","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study analyzes the epidemiological characteristics, investigation, and management of a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in July 2024 at a psychiatric hospital in Yantai City, Shandong Province. It aims to provide recommendations for the prevention and control of TB in high-risk settings, such as psychiatric hospitals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An epidemiological investigation was conducted, involving case analyses, symptom screenings, tuberculin skin tests (TST), chest X-rays (CXR), and an evaluation of the outbreak's progression and findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four active pulmonary TB cases were confirmed between July 3 and July 12, 2024. Among 313 contacts screened, 37 tested positive, with healthcare workers showing a higher positivity rate (18.60 %) compared with patients with mental illnesses (9.05 %). Healthcare workers’ close contacts had significantly higher positivity rates than their casual contacts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The primary cause of this cluster outbreak was delayed outbreak alerts following the identification of the index case. To enhance outbreak prevention, medical institutions should clarify whether TB patients with a history of mental illness have been admitted in psychiatric hospitals and, if so, initiate timely outbreak alerts. Additionally, psychiatric hospitals should improve healthcare worker training to recognize TB symptoms and promptly report cases involving patients with mental illnesses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report from non-endemic Australia on systemic melioidosis presenting with septic arthritis","authors":"Buddhika Dhananjalee Alahakoon,&nbsp;Monarita Handa,&nbsp;Shiromali Malalasekara","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinical spectrum of melioidosis can vary from a simple skin infection and pneumonia to severe septicaemia with multiorgan failure. Bone involvement in melioidosis is generally low, and the major risk factor is the delay in diagnosing the primary site infection. We present a case of septic arthritis with primary lung melioidosis, whose diagnosis of pulmonary melioidosis was delayed for 5 weeks leading to a septicaemia and septic arthritis. This case highlights the importance of improved clinical awareness among health practitioners and a low threshold for radiological screening of high-risk patients, even in non-endemic areas. It also highlights the fact that having adjunctive open arthrotomy in managing joint infection in melioidosis improves the clinical response to treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the drivers of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in China: A comprehensive ecological study","authors":"Jiongjiong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Li ,&nbsp;Xinying Du ,&nbsp;Huiqun Jia ,&nbsp;Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Guangcai Duan ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Ligui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are now considered a global public health issue. In this study, we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study was performed between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2021. Data covering the consumption of vancomycin, the prevalence of vancomycin resistance, and relevant demographics were collected. Spearman's rank correlation, beta regression, and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> (VRE_fm). Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption, rural population, proportion of population aged ≥65, annual temperature, and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_fm prevalence (<em>r</em> = 56.22, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = 0.0002, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = 0.06, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; <em>r</em> = −0.07, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; and <em>r</em> = −0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_fm resistance; the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 were significant but relatively minimal. Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_fm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick-, flea- and mite-borne pathogens and associated diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh: a review","authors":"Marina E. Eremeeva,&nbsp;Shobhan Das","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This scoping review provides a baseline summary of the current records of the ticks, fleas, and mites of public health importance that are present in Bangladesh. It summarizes their geographic distributions and reports the levels of their infestation of livestock, pets, wildlife, and humans, and the clinical and epidemiological studies pertinent to these vectors and their pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-one articles were identified in a literature search, including 43 published since 2011.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve articles contained reliable information on ticks and their associated hosts. However, information on fleas and mites in Bangladesh is very limited. Seventeen species of ixodid ticks that commonly parasitize peridomestic animals and can bite humans are described: <em>Rhipicephalus microplus, R. appendiculatus, R. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hyalomma anatolicum</em>, and <em>Amblyomma testudinarium</em>. Thirty-eight veterinary articles describe livestock pathogens, including <em>Babesia, Anaplasma</em>, and <em>Theileria</em>, and the diseases they cause. Few of those studies used modern molecular techniques to identify these pathogens. Eleven articles reported human diseases or surveillance studies, 10 from the last 10 years. Two country-wide serosurveys of 1,209 and 720 patients, using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA), respectively, reported human exposure to <em>Orientia tsutsugamushi</em> (8.8%–23.7%), typhus and spotted-fever group rickettsiae (19.7%–66.6%), and <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> (3%). The seropositivity rates varied regionally. PCR-based studies confirmed that febrile patients in Bangladesh may be infected with <em>O. tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia felis</em>, or <em>Bartonella elizabethae</em>. Only limited molecular research has been done with dogs and cats. These studies have reported PCR-confirmed canine infections with <em>Babesia gibsoni</em> (30%), <em>Anaplasma bovis</em> (58%), or <em>Rickettsia monacenis</em> (14%, <em>n</em>=50), and feline infections with <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (21%, <em>n</em>=100). Similarly, fleas from cats tested positive for <em>Rickettsia felis</em> (20.6%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings indicate that diseases borne by non-mosquito vectors in Bangladesh urgently require more attention from public health, medical, and veterinary specialists to establish their true occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Hainan Province of China based on O-antigen","authors":"Jinzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Lu ,&nbsp;Liangpeng Suo ,&nbsp;Minyang Wang ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Yue ,&nbsp;Rong Lin ,&nbsp;Xuhu Mao ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Jingmin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Burkholderia pseudomallei</em> is a gram-negative bacterium widely found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium, which lacks an available vaccine, is the causative agent of melioidosis and has properties that potentially enable its exploitation as a bioweapon.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting each of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genetic types were used to investigate genotype frequencies in <em>B. pseudomallei</em> populations. Silver staining, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and immunofluorescence were used to characterize LPS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In our study, a total of 169 clinical <em>B. pseudomallei</em> isolates were collected from Hainan Province, China between 2004 and 2016. The results showed that LPS genotype A was the predominant type, comprising 91.1% of the samples, compared with only 8.9% of LPS genotype B. The majority of patients were male and were diagnosed with sepsis or pneumonia. Silver staining and GC-MS demonstrated that LPS genotypes A and B exhibited distinct phenotypes and molecular structures. Immunofluorescence tests showed there was no cross-reaction between LPS genotypes A and B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report on the molecular epidemiology of <em>B. pseudomallei</em> based on O-antigen in China. Tracking the regional distribution of different LPS genotypes offers significant insights relevant to the development and administration of LPS-based vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging computer-aided design and artificial intelligence to develop a next-generation multi-epitope tuberculosis vaccine candidate","authors":"Li Zhuang ,&nbsp;Awais Ali ,&nbsp;Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Ye ,&nbsp;Linsheng Li ,&nbsp;Ruizi Ni ,&nbsp;Yajing An ,&nbsp;Syed Luqman Ali ,&nbsp;Wenping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health challenge. The existing Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine has limited efficacy in preventing adult pulmonary TB, necessitating the development of new vaccines with improved protective effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Computer-aided design and artificial intelligence technologies, combined with bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches, were used to design a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against TB. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties, spatial structure, immunogenicity, molecular dynamics (MD), and immunological characteristics of the MEV.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We constructed a MEV, designated ZL12138L, containing 13 helper T lymphocyte epitopes, 12 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, 8 B-cell epitopes, as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and helper peptides. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that ZL12138L should exhibit excellent immunogenicity and antigenicity, with no toxicity or allergenicity, and had potential to induce robust immune responses and high solubility, the immunogenicity score was 4.14449, the antigenicity score was 0.8843, and the immunological score was 0.470. Moreover, ZL12138L showed high population coverage for human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles, reaching 92.41% and 90.17%, respectively, globally. Molecular docking analysis indicated favorable binding affinity of ZL12138L with TLR-2 and TLR-4, with binding energies of −1173.4 and −1360.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Normal mode analysis and MD simulations indicated the stability and dynamic properties of the vaccine construct. Immune simulation predictions suggested that ZL12138L could effectively activate innate and adaptive immune cells, inducing high levels of Type 1 T helper cell cytokines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides compelling evidence for ZL12138L as a promising TB vaccine candidate. Future research will focus on experimental validation and further optimization of the vaccine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}