Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Multiplex nucleic acid polymerase assay for eight severe hemorrhagic fever viruses based on dual-probe hybridization and melting curve analysis.","authors":"Fuli Tan, Yuchang Li, Xiaoping Kang, Yuehong Chen, Sen Zhang, Jing Li, Ye Feng, Xiaokun Li, Runxin Liang, Fei Wang, Xiangdong Li, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, frequent outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses have posed serious threats to global public health. The pathogens are variable and highly infectious, such as Sudan <i>ebolavirus</i> (SEBOV), Zaire <i>ebolavirus</i> (ZEBOV), Marburg <i>marburgvirus</i> (MARV), <i>Lassa mammarenavirus</i> (LASV), Rift Valley fever <i>phlebovirus</i> (RVFV), Sin Nombre <i>orthohantavirus</i> (SNV), etc. To improve the efficiency of pathogen detection, a method for simultaneous screening multiplex targets is in a great demand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing dual-probe hybridization and melting curve analysis, a multiplex nucleic acid polymerase assay for eight hemorrhagic fever viruses test (named the MPA-eight-virus assay) was developed in this study. The sensitivity for each target was improved by optimizing primer and probe selection as well as amplification conditions; the usability of MPA-eight-virus assay was validated by simulated samples preparation and test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MPA-eight-virus assay achieved high sensitivity and specificity for the targets, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.83-691.00 copies/µL for all eight targets; Notably, the LOD for MARV was 1.83 copies/µL and that for SNV was 9.32 copies/µL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MPA-eight-virus assay is high throughput, time-saving, accurate, and cost-effective, making it potentially useful for prevention and control of severe viral hemorrhagic fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 3","pages":"100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144877754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of cytomegalovirus DNAemia detected by next-generation sequencing on short-term prognosis after lung transplantation","authors":"Zhongping Xu ,&nbsp;Yujiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Wang,&nbsp;Chenhao Xuan,&nbsp;Zhiyu Li,&nbsp;Hongyang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic pathogen following lung transplantation, associated with post-transplant complications and adverse outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of CMV DNAemia identified through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) during the early postoperative phase of lung transplantation and assess its effects on the short-term outcomes for recipients.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 115 patients who received lung transplants at the Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between May 2020 and November 2023. Based on mNGS-detected CMV DNAemia status, patients were stratified into DNAemia group and normal group. Nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney &lt;em&gt;U&lt;/em&gt;/Wilcoxon signed-rank) and mixed-effects models for intergroup comparisons. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank testing for overall survival differences. Univariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for ICU mortality and 90-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for confounders. Propensity score matching (1∶1 optimal nearest neighbor, caliper = 0.25) was implemented to address covariate imbalance, followed by univariate logistic regression analyses in the matched cohort.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the early postoperative period following lung transplantation, CMV DNAemia was detected via mNGS with an incidence rate of 15.7%. The CMV DNAemia group demonstrated a significantly lower 90-day overall survival rate compared to the normal group, with the Log-rank test revealing statistically significant survival differences between groups (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified CMV DNAemia as an independent risk factor for ICU all-cause mortality (OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 1.37–18.27, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.015), while with other pathogens infections independently predicted 90-day all-cause mortality (OR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.10–10.44, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.033). After propensity score matching, baseline characteristics were well-balanced between the CMV DNAemia and normal groups. In the matched cohort, univariate logistic regression further confirmed CMV DNAemia as an independent risk factor for ICU mortality (OR = 7.43, 95% CI: 1.23–45.00, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.029). Mediation analysis demonstrated that co-pathogen infections mediated the relationship between CMV DNAemia and 90-day all-cause mortality, with a proportion mediated of 20.6% (95% CI: 1.7%–138.5%, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;mNGS revealed a higher incidence of early CMV DNAemia post-lung transplantation than previously reported. CMV DNAemia significantly correlates with poor prognosis. Despite limitations in sample size and retrospective design, this study provides novel insights into CMV monitoring and management post-transplantation. Future research should determine","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative exploration of Hep-2 cell culture in the isolation and culture of Mycoplasma pneumoniae","authors":"Weiwei Wu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Jing Tong ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanping Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Jun Bi ,&nbsp;Liguo Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The isolation and culture of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> (MP) is time-consuming and has a low success rate. On the basis of the fact that cell lines are susceptible to MP contamination, we explored the possibility of using Hep-2 cell culture for the isolation and culture of MP, to overcome this long-standing technical problem.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect MP in the nucleic acid samples of clinically suspected mycoplasma-infected patients. Positive samples were cultured in Hep-2 cells, with the classical commercial MP liquid culture medium serving as a control. For successful isolation of MP, the broth culture medium was used for subculture, then transferred to solid agar medium for isolation. The isolated strains were identified by nucleic acid and whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 20 throat swab samples collected from individuals with influenza-like illness, 10 MP-positive samples were detected by qPCR. Five strains of <em>Mycoplasma</em> were successfully cultured in Hep-2 cells within 7–10 days, while one strain was cultured in commercial MP broth after 21 days, with isolation rates of 50% and 10%, respectively. After repeated subculturing in liquid medium and inoculation onto solid medium, “fried-egg”-like colonies emerged. The isolated strains were identified by nucleic acid and whole-genome sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The use of cell culture enables the rapid and effective isolation and culture of MP, addressing the long-standing challenge of MP cultivation. This advancement may contribute to improved antibiotic development, vaccine research, and the maintenance of global public health security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of glycemic control on lymphocyte subsets in the dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective analysis","authors":"Yujun Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Chen ,&nbsp;Di Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) complicates pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) management. Diabetes mellitus impairs immune function, worsening tuberculosis (TB) outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study investigates the effect of glycemic control on immune function and TB dissemination in 1,768 TB patients (2022–2024). Patients were stratified by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (≤ 6% vs. &gt; 6%) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations (&lt; 7 vs. ≥ 7 mmol/L). Lymphocyte subsets (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, CD19⁺ B cells, and CD16⁺CD56⁺ natural killer cells) were compared between glycemic control and TB groups. Multiple regression and threshold effect analysis were conducted to assess the effects of HbA1c and CD3⁺ T cells on TB dissemination and their critical values.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Poor glycemic control was associated with lower cell counts of all lymphocyte subsets in patients with PTB (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). Similar reductions were observed in patients with concurrent PTB and EPTB (PTB + EPTB) when HbA1c values &gt; 6% (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). When HbA1c values ≤ 6% or FBG concentrations &lt; 7 mmol/L, patients with PTB + EPTB showed lower immune cell counts than PTB (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Multiple regression indicated HbA1c increased TB dissemination risk (OR = 10.95), while CD3⁺ T cells showed protective effects. Threshold effect analysis identified an HbA1c values ≥ 7.4% for metabolic control and CD3⁺ T cell thresholds of 387/µL (immune deficiency) and 2,100/µL (immune overactivation).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Poor glycemic control impairs immune cells, while EPTB further reduces immune cell numbers. Integrated glycemic management and immunological monitoring help optimize treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes, particularly in patients at risk for EPTB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of a novel coltivirus from Haemaphysalis concinna ticks in Northeastern China","authors":"Yu-Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Ji-Xu Li ,&nbsp;Rui-Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Qi-Kai Yin ,&nbsp;Shi-Hong Fu ,&nbsp;Kai Nie ,&nbsp;Qian-Qian Cui ,&nbsp;Song-Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Wei ,&nbsp;Fan Li ,&nbsp;Xing-Zhou Li ,&nbsp;Huan-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Backgroud</h3><div>Coltiviruses are spherical, non-enveloped viruses with 12 double-stranded RNA segments, belonging to the family <em>Spinareoviridae</em>, and predominantly transmitted by ticks. This study isolated and characterized a novel coltivirus, designated Woodland tick reovirus (WLTRV), from <em>Haemaphysalis concinna</em> ticks collected in Helong City, Jilin Province, in Northeastern China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>SW-13 and Vero cells were used to isolate WLTRV through three blind passages, while seven mammalian cell lines assessed viral growth. Viral morphology was observed by electron microscopy. Next-generation sequencing, 5ʹ and 3ʹ rapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to determine WLTRV whole genome sequences, and phylogenetic methods were used to characterize WLTRV. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect WLTRV RNA in ticks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>WLTRV grew and exerted cytopathic effects in human (SW-13 and 293T) and mouse (BHK-21 and N2A) cell lines, revealing its potential to infect mammals. Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences classified WLTRV within the genus <em>Coltivirus</em>, with a close evolutionary relationship to Tarumizu tick virus. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies between WLTRV and Tarumizu tick virus across the 12 segments analyzed ranged from approximately 44.79% to 69.09% and 33.73% to 75.60%, respectively. WLTRV shared conserved the 5ʹ-terminal (GACA^A/_U^U/_A) and 3ʹ-terminal (UGCAGUC) consensus sequences of the genus <em>Coltivirus</em> genomes. Electron microscopy revealed WLTRV as spherical (diameter ∼80 nm), non-enveloped, and morphologically consistent with coltiviruses. Among the 4,717 ticks collected from six towns in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, WLTRV RNA was only detected in <em>H. concinna</em> (0.95% virus-carrying rate) but not in <em>Haemaphysalis japonica, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes persulcatus</em>, and <em>Dermacentor silvarum</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study represents the first isolation and identification of WLTRV from <em>H. concinna</em> in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, providing new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of the genus <em>Coltivirus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumonia caused by Bordetella hinzii: A case report","authors":"Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuan Yao ,&nbsp;Fei He ,&nbsp;Jing Lv ,&nbsp;Haijian Zhou ,&nbsp;Quwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As well known, the species of Bordetella, such as <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> and <em>Bordetella parapertussis</em> are prevalent respiratory tract pathogens. <em>Bordetella hinzii</em>, another species of Bordetella genus, <em>Bordetella hinzii</em> could cause meningitis, bacteremia, lung disease, endocarditis, chronic cholangitis and soft tissue abscess. In this study, we reported a new case of <em>Bordetella hinzii</em> infection in Asia with the clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. This study systematically analyzed the etiological characteristics of the pathogen using Vitek 2, MALDI-TOF MS, drug susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the diagnosis and treatment of <em>Bordetella hinzii</em> infection<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bracing the artificial intelligence technology in viral infectious disease control","authors":"Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational zoonoses, neurological diseases, and public health: A one health approach","authors":"Angela Stufano ,&nbsp;Valentina Schino ,&nbsp;Domenico Plantone ,&nbsp;Guglielmo Lucchese","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zoonotic diseases, which constitute 60% of all human infectious diseases, present substantial risks to public health, economies, and livelihoods. These diseases emerge at the human-animal-environment interface, with occupational exposure representing a critical yet underexamined dimension of zoonotic risk. Workers in high-risk sectors such as agriculture, wildlife management, and laboratory research face elevated exposure to zoonotic pathogens, often under conditions of inadequate preventive measures and resource constraints. Neurological disorders resulting from zoonotic infections, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalitis, and meningitis, illustrate the severe health consequences for occupational groups. Cases linked to swine hepatitis E virus, West Nile virus, <em>Streptococcus suis</em>, and <em>Baylisascaris procyonis</em> underscore the urgent need for robust surveillance and targeted interventions.</div><div>The Ecohealth approach, integrated with the One Health framework, provides a transformative model for managing zoonotic risks by addressing the upstream drivers of disease emergence. By emphasizing environmental stewardship, ecological balance, and socio-economic equity, Ecohealth fosters sustainable preventive strategies. Occupational medicine is crucial in linking workplace safety with public health through tailored risk management, enhanced surveillance, and targeted education.</div><div>Despite these frameworks, significant barriers persist, including data gaps, underreporting of occupational diseases, and insufficient coordination among health sectors. Addressing these challenges requires implementing standardized occupational health surveillance systems, enhancing reporting mechanisms through digital tools, and promoting cross-sectoral data-sharing initiatives. Successful models, such as sentinel surveillance programs in agricultural sectors and integrated biosurveillance networks, demonstrate the feasibility of these strategies. Leveraging these approaches can facilitate early detection, improve reporting accuracy, and support evidence-based interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture-negative liver abscess identified with plasma microbial cell-free DNA sequencing: A case report","authors":"Yuanchao Xue,&nbsp;Filipe M. Cerqueira,&nbsp;Heather L. Stevenson,&nbsp;Natalie Williams-Bouyer,&nbsp;Rong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a potentially life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to ensure high-quality healthcare for patients with PLA. However, this is complicated by their non-specific clinical symptoms. In addition, the etiologic organisms responsible for PLA are frequently culture-negative, thus complicating clinical decision-making. Here, we report a case of PLA caused by <em>Streptococcus intermedius,</em> as identified via DNA metagenomic sequencing of plasma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control","authors":"Sejal Porwal ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Javedh Shareef ,&nbsp;Tarun Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as <em>Culicoides</em> midges and <em>Culex</em> mosquitos, with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts. The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and potential preventive strategies for OROV. OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences. Its growing threat, especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities, is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission. Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses, limiting early diagnosis; nonetheless, molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification. The current therapy is restricted to symptom control, highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations. Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries. However, the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection. To combat OROV, improved surveillance, strong public health initiatives, and quick vaccine development are needed. Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}