Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The key mechanisms of multi-system responses triggered by central nervous system damage in hand, foot, and mouth disease severity","authors":"Wangquan Ji,&nbsp;Peiyu Zhu,&nbsp;Yuexia Wang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Zijie Li,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang,&nbsp;Shuaiyin Chen,&nbsp;Yuefei Jin,&nbsp;Guangcai Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent infectious affliction primarily affecting children, with a small portion of cases progressing to neurological complications. Notably, in a subset of severe HFMD cases, neurological manifestations may result in significant sequelae and pose a risk of mortality. We systematically conducted literature retrieval from the databases PubMed (1957–2023), Embase (1957–2023), and Web of Science (1957–2023), in addition to consulting authoritative guidelines. Subsequently, we rigorously selected the most relevant articles within the scope of this review for comprehensive analysis. It is widely recognized that the severity of HFMD is attributed to a multifaceted array of pathophysiological mechanisms. The implication of multi-system dysfunction appears to be perturbances of the human defense system; therefore, it contributes to the severity of HFMD. In this review, we provide an overview and analysis of recent insights into the molecular mechanisms contributing to the severity of HFMD, with a particular focus on cytokine release syndrome, the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system, regional immunity, endothelial dysfunction, catecholamine storm, viral invasion, and the molecular mechanisms of neurological damage. We speculate that the domino effect of diverse physiological systems, initiated by damage to the central nervous system, serve as the primary mechanisms governing the severity of HFMD. Simultaneously, we emphasize the knowledge gaps and research urgently required to delineate a quick roadmap for ongoing and essential studies on HFMD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000388/pdfft?md5=2b2e2b5d4be2f60135fec4e6e10cfeab&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000388-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious intracranial aneurysm associated with Lactococcus garvieae: A case report and literature review","authors":"Chung-Ho Lee ,&nbsp;Peter Yat-Ming Woo ,&nbsp;Calvin Ka-Lam Leung ,&nbsp;Ronald Li ,&nbsp;Jenny Kwan-Tsz Chan ,&nbsp;Kwan-Shun Ng ,&nbsp;Cindy Wing-Sze Tse","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lactococcus garvieae</em> is a known fish pathogen associated with numerous aquacultural outbreaks. In humans, <em>L. garvieae</em> primarily causes infective endocarditis, but infections involving other organs have also been reported. We report the first case of ruptured infectious intracranial aneurysm associated with <em>L. garvieae</em> bacteraemia without concomitant infective endocarditis. The diagnosis of a left distal posterior cerebral artery mycotic aneurysm was based on a computed tomography angiogram, catheter angiogram and histopathological examination of the resected aneurysm. Here, we review the literature on human <em>L. garvieae</em> infections and describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors, management and outcomes of the cases identified to date.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000376/pdfft?md5=d5ad4eb5a55cbc8e5a0425ead546f399&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000376-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of correlation between surface water area and infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)","authors":"John E. Moore ,&nbsp;Beverley C. Millar","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may develop clinically significant chronic respiratory infections with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (PA) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Open water has been suggested to be an important source for continuous or intermittent exposure to these pathogens. To date, there has been a paucity of studies examining the relationship between chronic PA and NTM infection in CF patients and surfaces waters, including blue spaces. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the relationship between chronic pulmonary infection with PA and NTMs in children and adults with CF in European countries and area of surface waters, including blue spaces.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>European CF registry data detailing incidence of chronic PA and NTM infection in adults and children with CF in Europe (<em>n=</em>41,486 in 24 European countries) was correlated with surface water area data from the same countries (approx. 678,278 km²) employing Spearman coefficients.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Correlation of chronic PA infection in children and adults and surface water area were not significant (<em>p=</em>0.0680 and <em>p=</em>0.8448, respectively), as was NTM infection (<em>p=</em>0.7371 and <em>p=</em>0.0712, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Acquistion of PA and its avoidance in people with CF is a complicated dynamic, not solely driven by close association with surface water, but through the integration of several other factors, including mitigations by people with CF to avoid high risk scenarios with surface water. This study was unable to demonstrate a correlation between PA and NTM infection in people with cystic fibrosis and surface water area at a national level. CF patients should continue to be vigilant about potential infection risks posed by water and take evidence-based decisions regarding their behaviour around water to protect them for acquiring these organisms from these sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X2400039X/pdfft?md5=71968735bfcb1bc76cb115224864246f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X2400039X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global research landscape of health care-associated infections among immunocompromised people before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Chidozie Declan Iwu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a substantial threat to immunocompromised individuals and represent a frequent adverse event in health care delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the global research landscape of HCAIs among immunocompromised populations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic search of articles published between 2013 and 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection database was conducted, and content analytics and integrated science mapping were used for data analysis and interpretation. The review identified 1,473 articles. Only 633 articles authored by 4,151 individuals and published in 366 journals were included. The average citation rate was 14.27 per document, and research production grew annually by 9.07% peaking in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic but declining in 2022. The United States emerged as the most productive country, with 743 publication appearances and 2,485 citations. Keywords such as “epidemiology,” “infection,” “mortality,” and “risk factors” were frequently encountered in the analyzed literature. The main research themes, including “mortality,” “sepsis,” “immunosuppression,” “expression,” and “pneumonia,” underscored the focal points of importance within this domain. This study highlighted the growing interest regarding HCAIs in immunocompromised populations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings underscore the need to advance research efforts to understand different immunocompromised states, develop tailored infection prevention measures, and address health care disparities to mitigate the burden of HCAIs among immunocompromised individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000418/pdfft?md5=646381eb720ec7b38a680cc062964e8f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the performance of the Alere PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test with the Vitek 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Card System as reference standard in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species","authors":"Tze Shien Lo ,&nbsp;Michihiko Goto ,&nbsp;Kimberly D.P. Hammer","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Alere PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test is an FDA-cleared <em>in vitro</em> immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of penicillin-binding protein2a (PBP2a) in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We investigated the performance of the PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test with 78 coagulase-negative <em>Staphylococcus</em> (CoNS) isolates from different body sites, with the Vitek 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) as a reference standard.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The CoNS species were 62 <em>S. epidermidis</em>; 6 <em>S. lugdenensis</em>; 3 <em>S. hominis</em>; 2 <em>S. capitis</em>; 2 <em>S. haemolyticus</em>; and 1 each of <em>S. simulans, S. auricularis,</em> and <em>S. warneri</em>. Of the 78 CoNS isolates, 68 showed concordance in the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST. Discordance was seen for 10 <em>S. epidermidis</em> isolates, which showed negative in the PBP2a assay, despite oxacillin-resistance detection using the Vitek 2 AST (66.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity). All non-<em>S. epidermidis</em> CoNS were identified with 100% concordance using the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We demonstrated that, while the PBP2a IC assay has low sensitivity in determining the susceptibility of <em>S. epidermidis</em> to oxacillin, it highly accurately predicted the susceptibility of non-<em>S. epidermidis</em> CoNS to oxacillin. The diagnostic accuracy for non-<em>S. epidermidis</em> CoNS needs further assessment with more isolates to confirm our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000406/pdfft?md5=5e42b688ea687e5e6b0098af695bcbc1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000406-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening a neurotransmitter-receptor-related inhibitor library identifies clomipramine HCl as a potential antiviral compound against Japanese encephalitis virus","authors":"Yixin Liu ,&nbsp;Xugang Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhu ,&nbsp;Huanchun Chen ,&nbsp;Youhui Si ,&nbsp;Bibo Zhu ,&nbsp;Shengbo Cao ,&nbsp;Zikai Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis worldwide. JEV exhibits significant neuroinvasiveness and neurotoxicity, resulting in considerable damage to the nervous system. Japanese encephalitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rate, seriously harming both human health and livestock production. The current lack of specific antiviral drugs means that the development of new therapeutic agents for JEV has become urgent.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anti-JEV drugs were screened from 111 inhibitors of neurotransmitter receptor-related molecules by high content technology. The antiviral effects of clomipramine HCl were evaluated through plaque assay, real-time quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence assay and western blotting assay. Bioinformatic tools were utilized to cluster the altered signaling pathway members after clomipramine HCl treatment. Finally, the anti-JEV mechanism was deeply resolved in <em>vivo</em> via such molecular biology and virological detection techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In this study, we screened nine compounds with significant anti-JEV activity, of which clomipramine HCl demonstrated the most potent antiviral effect and exhibited dose-dependent activity. Mechanistically, clomipramine HCl may activate endoplasmic reticulum stress and modulate the unfolded protein response, thus inhibiting the assembly stage of JEV infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the importance of clomipramine HCl as a promising approach for JEV infection protection, which may lead to new host-directed antiviral approaches to such mosquito-borne viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000443/pdfft?md5=aaef6a2889ea4983ae1d9f28bfc46d0d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the bacterial microbiome of ticks in Chongwe and Chisamba Districts of Zambia","authors":"Malala Mulavu ,&nbsp;Cynthia Sipho Khumalo ,&nbsp;Lavel Moonga ,&nbsp;Kyoko Hayashida ,&nbsp;Benjamin Mubemba ,&nbsp;Katendi Changula ,&nbsp;Edgar Simulundu ,&nbsp;Walter Muleya ,&nbsp;Simbarashe Chitanga","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The microbiome composition of an arthropod vector may impede the growth of some pathogens, aid colonisation by pathogens or affect vector behaviour in ways that impact the transmission of pathogens. In Zambia, little is known of the microbial communities hosted by ticks and how pathogens like <em>Rickettsia</em> play a role in the microbiome composition.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study sought to determine the microbiome of <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and <em>Rickettsia</em>-positive ticks in selected districts of Zambia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 94 ticks collected from cattle in Chongwe and Chisamba districts. The overall prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> spp. was detected using PCR amplification of the <em>ompB</em> gene. Thereafter, both <em>Rickettsia</em>-negative and positive ticks underwent <em>16S rRNA</em> gene amplification and Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Data was analysed using QIIME2 analysis pipeline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Rickettsia</em> was found to be 47.9% (45/94) with prevalence in <em>Amblyomma</em> at 78.5% (22/28), <em>Hyalomma</em> at 68.9% (20/29) and <em>Rhipicephalus</em> having the lowest at 8.1% (3/37). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Euryachaeota were the most common phyla, while endosymbionts were uncommonly detected in the ticks. Further analysis showed significant differences in microbiome composition based on <em>Rickettsia</em> detection status (<em>p</em>=0.001) and location (<em>p</em>=0.001), based on the alpha diversity Shannon index, Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA, whilst differences according to life stage, tick species and genus was only shown based on the Bray Curtis beta diversity and PERMANOVA analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into the structure of the tick microbiome in parts of Zambia and how it is affected by the presence of <em>Rickettsia</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of next-generation sequencing for the etiological diagnosis of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection","authors":"Nannan Xu ,&nbsp;Lintao Sai ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Dasch ,&nbsp;Marina E. Eremeeva","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Scrub typhus, an acute febrile disease caused by <em>Orientia tsutsugamushi,</em> is transmitted to humans through infected chigger mites. We present a case of scrub typhus in a previously healthy man from Shandong Province diagnosed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PCR and review recent literature on NGS for scrub typhus diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>NGS was utilized for testing whole blood collected on admission. Confirmatory testing was done by detecting IgM and IgG antibodies to <em>Orientia</em> in acute and convalescent sera by ELISA. <em>Orientia</em> 47-kDa protein gene TaqMan and standard PCR of the 56-kDa protein gene and Sanger sequencing were performed on eschar scab DNA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The NGS diagnosis was confirmed by 47-kDa protein gene TaqMan and sequencing of a fragment of the <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> 56-kDa protein gene from the eschar scab. Analysis of this sequence and the NGS data indicated <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> strain Cheeloo2020 is a novel genotype. Mapping of the NGS data against the <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> Gilliam strain genome sequence identified 304 reads with high similarity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>NGS is not only useful for multiplex diagnosis of scrub typhus, but also provides insight into the genetic diversity of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em>. The common failure to submit sequences to databases makes it difficult to determine the minimal quantity and quality of NGS data being used for the positive identification of <em>Orientia</em> DNA in clinical specimens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 3","pages":"Article 100116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000303/pdfft?md5=88451a4d2be464bfdaff10ab76f2aa24&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000303-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of cellular signaling mechanism involved in Vibrio cholerae chitin-binding protein GbpA mediated IL-8 secretion in the intestinal cells","authors":"Avishek Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Vibrio cholerae N</em>-acetylglucosamine-binding protein (GbpA) is a four-domain, secretory colonization factor which is essential for chitin utilization in the environment, as well as in adherence to intestinal cells. GbpA is also involved in inducing intestinal inflammation by enhancing mucin and interleukin-8 secretion. The underlying cell signaling mechanism involved in the induction of the pro-inflammatory response and IL-8 secretion has yet to be deciphered in detail.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Herein, the process through which GbpA triggers the induction of IL-8 in intestinal cells was investigated by examining the role of GbpA in intestinal cell line HT 29.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GbpA, specifically through the fourth domain, forms a binding connection with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and additionally, recruits TLR1 along with CD14 within a lipid raft micro-domain to initiate the signaling pathway. Notably, disruption of this micro-domain complex resulted in a reduction in IL-8 secretion. The lipid raft association served as the catalyst that invoked a downstream cellular inflammatory signaling pathway. This cascade involved the activation of various MAP kinases and NFκB and assembly of the AP-1 complex. This coordinated activation of signaling molecules eventually leads to enhanced IL-8 transcription via increased promoter activity. These findings suggested that GbpA is a crucial protein in <em>V. cholerae</em>, capable of inciting a pro-inflammatory response during infection by orchestrating the formation of the GbpA-TLR1/2-CD14 lipid raft complex. Activation of AP-1 and NFκB in the nucleus eventually enhanced IL-8 transcription through increased promoter activity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Collectively, these findings indicated that GbpA plays a pivotal role within <em>V. cholerae</em> by triggering a pro-inflammatory response during infection. This response is instrumented by the formation of the GbpA-TLR1/2-CD14 lipid raft complex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000273/pdfft?md5=7703ec4ea7b38276f1055ffee7fb4b62&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal analysis of hepatitis B in Fujian Province, China in 2012–2021","authors":"Shuo Yin ,&nbsp;Shenggen Wu ,&nbsp;Jingru Huang ,&nbsp;Shutong Ren ,&nbsp;Weijiang Xie ,&nbsp;Xian'e Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Fujian Province has one of the highest reported incidences of hepatitis B virus infection in China. This study aimed to provide a theoretical framework for preventing and controlling hepatitis B in Fujian Province, and to assess the trends and the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of hepatitis B in this region.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data on hepatitis B cases were extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, trend surface analysis, and spatial-temporal scanning statistics were used to identify the spatial and aggregation patterns at the county level. The Joinpoint was used to assess the reported incidence trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average reported incidence of hepatitis B in Fujian from 2012 to 2021 was 14.46/10,000 population, with 583,262 notified cases. The age-adjusted reported incidence of hepatitis B decreased from 17.44/10,000 population in 2012 to 11.88/10,000 population in 2021, with an average reduction in the annual percentage change of 4.5%. There were obvious spatial-temporal aggregation characteristics in hepatitis B cases, and a high-incidence area was located in eastern Fujian. Spatio-temporal scanning statistics revealed four levels of aggregation of hepatitis B reporting rates. The first level of aggregation area included Minhou, Gulou, Jin'an, Taijiang, and nine other districts and counties.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The incidence of hepatitis B is declining in Fujian Province. Spatial clusters of hepatitis B cases in Fujian Province were identified, and high-risk areas in eastern Fujian still exist. Closely monitoring the general patterns in the occurrence of hepatitis B and implementing focused control and preventative strategies are important.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000248/pdfft?md5=20edb4c83f4c3552c72d4ed11a967f20&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}