Infectious Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and etiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zhengzhou, China, from 2009 to 2021","authors":"Bowen Dai ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shujie Han ,&nbsp;Shouhang Chen ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Huifen Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenlong Li ,&nbsp;Shuaiyin Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Guangcai Duan ,&nbsp;Guowei Li ,&nbsp;Yuefei Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses (EVs). To explore the epidemiological characteristics and etiology of HFMD in Zhengzhou, China, we conducted a systematic analysis of HFMD surveillance data from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021 (<span>https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Surveillance data were collected from Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to December 2021 (<span>https://wjw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/</span><svg><path></path></svg>). Cases were analyzed according to the time of onset, type of diagnosis, characteristics, viral serotype, and epidemiological trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that the primary causative agent responsible for the HFMD outbreaks in Zhengzhou was Enterovirus A71 (EVA-71) (48.56%) before 2014. After 2015, other EVs gradually became the dominant strains (57.68%). The data revealed that the HFMD epidemics in Zhengzhou displayed marked seasonality, with major peaks occurring from April to June, followed by secondary peaks from October to November, except in 2020. Both the severity and case-fatality ratio of HFMD decreased following the COVID-19 pandemic (severity ‰: 13.46 vs. 0.17; case-fatality ‰: 0.21 vs. 0, respectively). Most severe cases were observed in patients aged 1 year and below, accounting for 45.81%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, the incidence rate of HFMD decreased in Zhengzhou following the introduction of the EVA-71 vaccine in 2016. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that HFMD prevalence continues to exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern and periodicity, and the occurrence of other EV infections poses a new challenge for children's health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000285/pdfft?md5=6d7a9212964c42f8995b1c28c7bdfc6a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000285-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified a brain abscess caused by mixed oral anaerobe infection: A case report","authors":"Zepeng Ma ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhao Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Yifei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Fusobacterium vincentii</em> brain abscesses are relatively rare. Here, we report our treatment of an anaerobic brain abscess caused by a mixed infection of <em>Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus constellatus, Fusobacterium vincentii</em>, and <em>Bacteroides heparinolyticus</em> diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). This is the first reported case of <em>Fusobacterium vincentii</em> in a brain abscess. This case highlights the possibility that oral anaerobic microbes can cause a brain abscess and demonstrates that mNGS has the potential to be deployed to provide rapid infection diagnosis and rationalize antimicrobial therapy for brain abscesses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000236/pdfft?md5=253f37c9df90ed0530a320cc94a698f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus outbreak in Peru in 2022–2023","authors":"Nieves Sevilla ,&nbsp;Wendy Lizarraga ,&nbsp;Victor Jimenez-Vasquez ,&nbsp;Veronica Hurtado ,&nbsp;Iris S. Molina ,&nbsp;Lilian Huarca ,&nbsp;Priscila Lope-Pari ,&nbsp;Ivan Vargas ,&nbsp;Gloria Arotinco ,&nbsp;Carlos Padilla-Rojas","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) has spread worldwide since 2022. Even though this virus has been extensively studied for many decades, little is known about its evolution in South America.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Here, we describe the sequencing and characterization of 13 H5N1 genomes collected from wild birds, poultry, and wild mammals in Peru during the genomic surveillance of this outbreak.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The samples belonged to the highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) 2.3.4.4b clade. Chilean and Peruvian samples clustered in the same group and therefore share a common ancestor. An analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes detected new mutations, some dependent upon the host type.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The genomic surveillance of highly pathogenic avian influenza is necessary to promote the One Health policy and to overcome the new problems entailed by climate change, which may alter the habitats of resident and migratory birds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000224/pdfft?md5=fa804259af594e61781a9193ac2b525d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on One Health for establishing an enhanced and integrated surveillance system for key infectious diseases","authors":"Yanpeng Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuelong Shu ,&nbsp;Lili Ren ,&nbsp;Min Kang ,&nbsp;Dongfeng Kong ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Shi ,&nbsp;Qiuying Lv ,&nbsp;Zhigao Chen ,&nbsp;Yinghui Li ,&nbsp;Renli Zhang ,&nbsp;Puxuan Lu ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Nixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Huawei Xiong ,&nbsp;Chen Du ,&nbsp;Jun Yuan ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Rongqi Liu ,&nbsp;Tiejian Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China has been continuously improving its monitoring methods and strategies to address key infectious diseases (KIDs). After the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003, China established a comprehensive reporting system for infectious diseases (IDs) and public health emergencies. The relatively lagging warning thresholds, limited warning information, and outdated warning technology are insufficient to meet the needs of comprehensive monitoring for modern KIDs. Strengthening early monitoring and warning capabilities to enhance the public health system has become a top priority, with increasing demand for early warning thresholds, information, and techniques, thanks to constant innovation and development in molecular biology, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and other identification and analysis technologies. A panel of 31 experts has recommended a fourth-generation comprehensive surveillance system targeting KIDs (41 notifiable diseases and emerging IDs). The aim of this surveillance system is to systematically monitor the epidemiology and causal pathogens of KIDs in hosts such as humans, animals, and vectors, along with associated environmental pathogens. By integrating factors influencing epidemic spread and risk assessment, the surveillance system can serve to detect, predict, and provide early warnings for the occurrence, development, variation, and spread of known or novel KIDs. Moreover, we recommend comprehensive ID monitoring based on the fourth-generation surveillance system, along with a data-integrated monitoring and early warning platform and a consortium pathogen detection technology system. This series of considerations is based on systematic and comprehensive monitoring across multiple sectors, dimensions, factors, and pathogens that is supported by data integration and connectivity. This expert consensus will provides an opportunity for collaboration in various fields and relies on interdisciplinary application to enhance comprehensive monitoring, prediction, and early warning capabilities for the next generation of ID surveillance. This expert consensus will serve as a reference for ID prevention and control as well as other related activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000200/pdfft?md5=ca12c7ec5fb0dd197437dde782d43ce5&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Historical perspectives, epidemiology, genetic diversity, transmission, and preventative measures","authors":"Smriti Krishna ,&nbsp;Chhaya Kurrey ,&nbsp;Manisha Yadav ,&nbsp;Shakuntala Mahilkar ,&nbsp;Subash Chandra Sonkar ,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar Vishvakarma ,&nbsp;Anand Sonkar ,&nbsp;Lal Chandra ,&nbsp;Bidhan Chandra Koner","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2022, just before the COVID-19 pandemic ended, many countries noticed a viral monkeypox outbreak. Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic pathogen, causes a febrile illness in humans and resembles smallpox. Prevention strategies encompass vaccination, strict infection control measures, and avoiding contact with infected persons. As monkeypox and related poxviruses continue to pose challenges, ongoing surveillance, early diagnosis, prompt isolation, and effective control measures are crucial for limiting transmission and mitigating the impact of outbreaks on public health. This review provides valuable insights into the evolution of the monkeypox virus and its various modes of transmission, including postmortem transmission, and offers an overall perspective on the guidelines issued by the Government of India to prevent and effectively control the spread of this disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000194/pdfft?md5=5f6a35848bf4308c4aba538ba1c47380&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140780587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital","authors":"Tianyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Yan ,&nbsp;Shan Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Chen ,&nbsp;Yunda Jiao ,&nbsp;Zhuoqi Sheng ,&nbsp;Jianchao Liu ,&nbsp;Lihua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Given the preventable nature of most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), it is crucial to understand their characteristics and temporal patterns to reduce their occurrence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis of medical record cover pages from a Chinese hospital information system was conducted for surgery inpatients from 2010 to 2019. Association rules mining (ARM) was employed to explore the association between disease, procedure, and HAIs. Joinpoint models were used to estimate the annual HAI trend. The time series of each type of HAI was decomposed to analyze the temporal patterns of HAIs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included data from 623,290 surgery inpatients over 10 years, and a significant decline in the HAI rate was observed. Compared with patients without HAIs, those with HAIs had a longer length of stay (29 days vs. 9 days), higher medical costs (96226.57 CNY vs. 22351.98 CNY), and an increased risk of death (6.42% vs. 0.18%). The most common diseases for each type of HAI differed, although bone marrow and spleen operations were the most frequent procedures for most HAI types. ARM detected that some uncommon diagnoses could strongly associate with HAIs. The time series pattern varied for each type of HAI, with the peak occurring in January for respiratory system infections, and in August and July for surgical site and bloodstream infections, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings demonstrate that HAIs impose a significant burden on surgery patients. The differing time series patterns for each type of HAI highlight the importance of tailored surveillance strategies for specific types of HAI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 2","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000170/pdfft?md5=0f63f57f8419c21f6bc25a081e9aee3e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and genetic identification of Borrelia lusitaniae in questing Ixodes inopiatus tick from Tunisia","authors":"Rachid Selmi ,&nbsp;Khaoula Abdi ,&nbsp;Hanène Belkahia ,&nbsp;Meriem Ben Abdallah ,&nbsp;Aymen Mamlouk ,&nbsp;Myriam Kratou ,&nbsp;Mourad Ben Said ,&nbsp;Lilia Messadi","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Until now, there has been limited information on the prevalence and the phylogeny of <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> sensu lato in <em>Ixodes</em> ticks in Tunisia, particularly in <em>Ixodes inopinatus</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and the phylogeny of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l., in coexisted <em>I. ricinus</em> and <em>I. inopinatus</em> ticks collected from Northern Tunisia. One hundred questig ticks were collected during winter 2020 by tick-dragging method in Beja gouvernorate located in the north of Tunisia. Real-time PCR panel targeting <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. 23S rRNA gene were performed. Positive DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCRs targeting 457 bp fragment of the <em>Borrelia</em> sp. flagellin (<em>fla</em>) gene using primers FlaF/FlaR. The identified <em>Borrelia</em> sp. isolate underwent partial sequence analysis to determine genospecies and evaluate their phylogenetic position.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study revealed a prevalence rate of 28% (28/100) for <em>B. burgdorferi</em> sensu lato in the <em>Ixodes</em> ticks. The prevalence rates across tick species and genders did not show significant variations (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Interestingly, the study underlines the coexistence of <em>I. inopinatus</em> and <em>I. ricinus</em> sharing the same geographic areas in Northern Tunisia. Furthermore, DNA of <em>B. lusitaniae</em> was detected in <em>I. inopinatus</em> ticks for the first time in Tunisia. Revealed <em>B. lusitaniae</em> bacterium is similar to previously identified strains in Mediterranean region, but distinct from those isolated exclusively from countries of Eastern and Central Europe, such as Serbia, Romania, and Poland. This study highlights the prevalence of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. in <em>I. ricinus</em>/<em>I. inopinatus</em> ticks, and reveals <em>B. lusitaniae</em> in <em>I. inopinatus</em> ticks for the first time in Tunisia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest the involvement of <em>I. inopinatus</em> as a potential vector of this pathogenic genospeciess in Tunisia. This may help understanding the ecology of <em>Ixodes</em> ticks, the natural infection and the transmission dynamics of <em>Borrelia</em> species in this country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000078/pdfft?md5=06d39c71ab063374656042c0958c561c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Infectious Medicine is becoming a globally high-level scientific journal","authors":"Xue-Jie Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000054/pdfft?md5=b527359b8a0393f23cdbe396e4b10bfb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of new generation biosorbents for the sustainable treatment of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes from polluted waste effluent","authors":"Barkha Madhogaria ,&nbsp;Sangeeta Banerjee ,&nbsp;Atreyee Kundu ,&nbsp;Prasanta Dhak","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antimicrobials are frequently used in both humans and animals for the treatment of bacterially-generated illnesses. Antibiotic usage has increased for more than 40% from last 15 years globally per day in both human populations and farm animals leading to the large-scale discharge of antibiotic residues into wastewater. Most antibiotics end up in sewer systems, either directly from industry or healthcare systems, or indirectly from humans and animals after being partially metabolized or broken down following consumption. To prevent additional antibiotic compound pollution, which eventually impacts on the spread of antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to remove antibiotic residues from wastewater. Antibiotic accumulation and antibiotic resistance genes cannot be effectively and efficiently eliminated by conventional sewage treatment plants. Because of their high energy requirements and operating costs, many of the available technologies are not feasible. However, the biosorption method, which uses low-cost biomass as the biosorbent, is an alternative technique to potentially address these problems. An extensive literature survey focusing on developments in the field was conducted using English language electronic databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Pubag, Google books, and ResearchGate, to understand the relative value of the available antibiotic removal methods. The predominant techniques for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater were categorized and defined by example. The approaches were contrasted, and the benefits and drawbacks were highlighted. Additionally, we included a few antibiotics whose removal from aquatic environments has been the subject of extensive research. Lastly, a few representative publications were identified that provide specific information on the removal rates attained by each technique. This review provides evidence that biosorption of antibiotic residues from biological waste using natural biosorbent materials is an affordable and effective technique for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000066/pdfft?md5=7c83d4e728810427edc392ecb9d71dd1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox reinfection: A rapid systematic review of case reports","authors":"Tingting Li ,&nbsp;Zhijin Li ,&nbsp;Yu Xia ,&nbsp;Jiang Long ,&nbsp;Li Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.imj.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imj.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mpox re-emerged worldwide with the multi-country outbreaks that occurred in May 2022, threatening the public health of human beings.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This rapid systematic review summarized mpox reinfection cases documented. Electronic databases (PubMed, MedRxiv, and Social Science Research Network) were searched without time limitation, using the keywords “mpox,” “monkeypox,” &amp; “reinfection,” “reoccur,” “reoccurrence,” “episode,” and “relapse”. All laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox reinfection published in the literature were included in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of seven publications (nine cases) from Africa, Europe, and South America were included. All mpox reinfection cases were male, with a median age of 36; 88.89% of cases had unprotected sexual behaviors with other males before each illness episode. The average onset interval between the two episodes was about 4 months. Perianal lesions and lymphadenopathy were major symptoms in both episodes, and no differences in clinical severity were reported between the two episodes. The mean duration of the two episodes was approximately 22 days and 13 days, respectively; which the mean duration of the second episode was shorter than the first infection (<em>t</em> = 2.17, <em>p</em> = 0.0487). Sexually transmitted infections were commonly concurrent among most cases, accounting for 55.6% and 77.8% in the two episodes, respectively. Full vaccination against mpox was rare among reinfection cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A second infection is possible even in a short period. Reinforcing monitoring, reducing high-risk behaviors, and heightening health education regarding mpox for high-risk populations are crucial to limit mpox spread, including persons with a history of mpox infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100667,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000108/pdfft?md5=0b7a710c6427c707a641b2af0bc92293&pid=1-s2.0-S2772431X24000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140066862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}