IET Blockchain最新文献_第4页

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-21

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Blockchain for Enhanced EHR Access Monitoring: Integrating Context-Aware and Attribute-Based Tools for Comprehensive Data Security 利用区块链增强EHR访问监控：集成上下文感知和基于属性的工具以实现全面的数据安全

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70035

Sharabani Sutradhar, Rajesh Bose, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Shib Shankar Golder, Sudipta Majumder, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah

{"title":"Leveraging Blockchain for Enhanced EHR Access Monitoring: Integrating Context-Aware and Attribute-Based Tools for Comprehensive Data Security","authors":"Sharabani Sutradhar, Rajesh Bose, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Shib Shankar Golder, Sudipta Majumder, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70035","url":null,"abstract":"The management of electronic health records (EHR) demands not only secure storage but also rigorous access monitoring to safeguard patient privacy and ensure regulatory compliance. While blockchain technology provides data immutability, many healthcare systems lack integrated and effective auditing mechanisms, exposing them to risks of data breaches, unauthorised access, and compliance failures. This study proposes a blockchain-enabled EHR access monitoring framework that incorporates advanced auditing tools to capture comprehensive metadata on access events, including who accessed the data, when, where, how, and why. To address the limitations of traditional purpose-based access control, the framework integrates context-aware access control and attribute-based access control models. These enable dynamic, context-sensitive, and attribute-driven access policies based on parameters such as user role, time, location, and data sensitivity. Additionally, real-time auditing capabilities are enhanced using Elasticsearch, Splunk, and Grafana for log analysis, anomaly detection, data visualisation, and predictive analytics. This integration not only strengthens surveillance but also enables timely responses to suspicious activities. By leveraging blockchain's tamper-proof ledger and combining it with automated auditing and intelligent access control, the proposed framework enhances security, supports compliance with regulations like HIPAA (health insurance portability and accountability act) and GDPR(general data protection regulation), and fosters institutional trust through transparent and accountable data governance in healthcare environments.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Scalability of Blockchain-Based Micro-Credentials Using Batching and Off-Chain Storage 使用批处理和链下存储提高基于区块链的微凭证的可扩展性

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70041

Nathaniel Andrian, Richard Wiputra

{"title":"Improving Scalability of Blockchain-Based Micro-Credentials Using Batching and Off-Chain Storage","authors":"Nathaniel Andrian, Richard Wiputra","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Although blockchain technology offers a promising solution for issuing secure and verifiable academic micro-credentials (MCs), its widespread adoption in academic institutions faces scalability limitations. This scalability issue creates a significant bottleneck, as traditional one-credential-per-transaction models become economically unviable for organisations that need to issue thousands of credentials simultaneously. However, effective solutions for mass issuance remain to be explored. To address this gap, this study proposes an approach, implements it and evaluates a novel framework that integrates batching strategies with Merkle trees and off-chain storage using the interplanetary file system (IPFS). The experimental evaluation was conducted on Sepolia (Ethereum test network) using metrics such as gas usage, throughput and execution time. The experimental results showed stable gas consumption at approximately 90,487 units, throughput improvements from 0.31–13.77 transactions per second (TPS) and consistent execution times of approximately 32 s. This study contributes a scalable and economically viable system architecture that decouples credential metadata from its on-chain proof, providing a clear pathway for institutions to adopt blockchain technology for large-scale credential management and advancing the practical implementation of verifiable digital credentials in education.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148073785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-11

引用次数: 0

Improving Scalability of Blockchain-Based Micro-Credentials Using Batching and Off-Chain Storage 使用批处理和链下存储提高基于区块链的微凭证的可扩展性

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-11 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70041

Nathaniel Andrian, Richard Wiputra

{"title":"Improving Scalability of Blockchain-Based Micro-Credentials Using Batching and Off-Chain Storage","authors":"Nathaniel Andrian, Richard Wiputra","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Although blockchain technology offers a promising solution for issuing secure and verifiable academic micro-credentials (MCs), its widespread adoption in academic institutions faces scalability limitations. This scalability issue creates a significant bottleneck, as traditional one-credential-per-transaction models become economically unviable for organisations that need to issue thousands of credentials simultaneously. However, effective solutions for mass issuance remain to be explored. To address this gap, this study proposes an approach, implements it and evaluates a novel framework that integrates batching strategies with Merkle trees and off-chain storage using the interplanetary file system (IPFS). The experimental evaluation was conducted on Sepolia (Ethereum test network) using metrics such as gas usage, throughput and execution time. The experimental results showed stable gas consumption at approximately 90,487 units, throughput improvements from 0.31–13.77 transactions per second (TPS) and consistent execution times of approximately 32 s. This study contributes a scalable and economically viable system architecture that decouples credential metadata from its on-chain proof, providing a clear pathway for institutions to adopt blockchain technology for large-scale credential management and advancing the practical implementation of verifiable digital credentials in education.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148075655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Security, Privacy and Performance of Blockchain-Based Verifiable Certificate Digital Identity Verification and Management Systems in the Education Sector Using the Plonk System 使用Plonk系统增强教育部门基于区块链的可验证证书数字身份验证和管理系统的安全性、隐私性和性能

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70040

Rajesh Bose, Shrabani Sutradhar, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Raktim Kumar Dey, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah

{"title":"Enhancing Security, Privacy and Performance of Blockchain-Based Verifiable Certificate Digital Identity Verification and Management Systems in the Education Sector Using the Plonk System","authors":"Rajesh Bose, Shrabani Sutradhar, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Raktim Kumar Dey, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"The promise of blockchain applications is transformative in terms of certificate verification and managing digital identities in the various fields, such as education, healthcare and land records. Nevertheless, current blockchain-based certificate solutions have serious shortcomings: most are based on simple cryptography protection with no privacy-preserving systems, have low throughput (16.67 TPS in typical Ethereum-based systems), have unpredictable response times under varying loads, are not standardised across industries and are expensive to operate due to gas fees. Besides, the current implementations are mostly either theoretical or without performance tests in practice. This paper fills these gaps by suggesting a Plonk-based system that incorporates zero-knowledge proofs, digital signatures and trusted identity verification to improve the efficiency, security, and privacy of the verifiable credential digital identity verification and management systems (VC DIVMS). It was implemented at JIS University, India, with 50 transactions per minute (an improvement of 200% over Ethereum), an error rate of 244–1277ms in response times under load conditions (24-33 faster than Ethereum) and high-level privacy through ZKP. Contrary to currently used models that are sector-specific, the offered Plonk framework offers a single, scalable, privacy-focused model that can be applied in areas of education, healthcare, or credit verification. Intense testing ensured both resilience, scalability and compatibility with a demanding environment, making Plonk a strong and secure substitute to decentralised identity verification and credential management that is resistant to tampering.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148068413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-06

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Security, Privacy and Performance of Blockchain-Based Verifiable Certificate Digital Identity Verification and Management Systems in the Education Sector Using the Plonk System 使用Plonk系统增强教育部门基于区块链的可验证证书数字身份验证和管理系统的安全性、隐私性和性能

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70040

Rajesh Bose, Shrabani Sutradhar, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Raktim Kumar Dey, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah

{"title":"Enhancing Security, Privacy and Performance of Blockchain-Based Verifiable Certificate Digital Identity Verification and Management Systems in the Education Sector Using the Plonk System","authors":"Rajesh Bose, Shrabani Sutradhar, Arfat Ahmad Khan, Sandip Roy, Raktim Kumar Dey, Deepak Prashar, Mohd Asif Shah","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70040","url":null,"abstract":"The promise of blockchain applications is transformative in terms of certificate verification and managing digital identities in the various fields, such as education, healthcare and land records. Nevertheless, current blockchain-based certificate solutions have serious shortcomings: most are based on simple cryptography protection with no privacy-preserving systems, have low throughput (16.67 TPS in typical Ethereum-based systems), have unpredictable response times under varying loads, are not standardised across industries and are expensive to operate due to gas fees. Besides, the current implementations are mostly either theoretical or without performance tests in practice. This paper fills these gaps by suggesting a Plonk-based system that incorporates zero-knowledge proofs, digital signatures and trusted identity verification to improve the efficiency, security, and privacy of the verifiable credential digital identity verification and management systems (VC DIVMS). It was implemented at JIS University, India, with 50 transactions per minute (an improvement of 200% over Ethereum), an error rate of 244–1277ms in response times under load conditions (24-33 faster than Ethereum) and high-level privacy through ZKP. Contrary to currently used models that are sector-specific, the offered Plonk framework offers a single, scalable, privacy-focused model that can be applied in areas of education, healthcare, or credit verification. Intense testing ensured both resilience, scalability and compatibility with a demanding environment, making Plonk a strong and secure substitute to decentralised identity verification and credential management that is resistant to tampering.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148068408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IPQL: Integer-Based Pseudo Q-Learning Method for Improving Blockchain Oracle Selection 改进区块链Oracle选择的基于整数的伪q学习方法

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70036

Mohammad Reza Soleimany, Mohammad Hossein Rezvani

{"title":"IPQL: Integer-Based Pseudo Q-Learning Method for Improving Blockchain Oracle Selection","authors":"Mohammad Reza Soleimany, Mohammad Hossein Rezvani","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of blockchain technology, the need to employ third parties, known as oracles, to assist smart contracts has become clear. Blockchain smart contracts can only operate on on-chain data and face the major challenge of not being able to communicate with the outside world. Blockchain oracles resolve this problem by bridging the gap between on-chain and off-chain data. Oracles can exhibit inappropriate behaviours or selfishly hide their true resources to maximise profits. Current research presents oracles as trusted entities without providing a robust evaluation mechanism for them. This type of design carries the risk of turning oracles into central points of failure. In this paper, a new approach inspired by reinforcement learning (Q-learning) is proposed. We investigate the performance of oracles and select reliable and cost-effective oracles from the blockchain network and compare the efficiency of the proposed method with previous well-known methods. This method, which we call IPQL ‘Integer-based pseudo-Q-Learning’, helps to identify reliable and cost-effective oracles more effectively. The proposed model analyses the behaviour of oracles using a performance-cost table and a framework inspired by the Q-learning algorithm. The IPQL model allows all blockchain validators to verify the results obtained during the execution of the algorithm, thus addressing the issue of randomness in the limited structure of the blockchain. Finally, IPQL is compared with current state-of-the-art methods based on accuracy, cost, and execution time. The results show that the proposed method leads to a 31% increase in success rate and 10% request redirection to safe oracles, a 22% reduction in request redirection to malicious oracles, and a 9.1% improvement in time.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148098979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-29

引用次数: 0