IET Blockchain最新文献_第5页

IPQL: Integer-Based Pseudo Q-Learning Method for Improving Blockchain Oracle Selection 改进区块链Oracle选择的基于整数的伪q学习方法

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-29 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70036

Mohammad Reza Soleimany, Mohammad Hossein Rezvani

{"title":"IPQL: Integer-Based Pseudo Q-Learning Method for Improving Blockchain Oracle Selection","authors":"Mohammad Reza Soleimany, Mohammad Hossein Rezvani","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of blockchain technology, the need to employ third parties, known as oracles, to assist smart contracts has become clear. Blockchain smart contracts can only operate on on-chain data and face the major challenge of not being able to communicate with the outside world. Blockchain oracles resolve this problem by bridging the gap between on-chain and off-chain data. Oracles can exhibit inappropriate behaviours or selfishly hide their true resources to maximise profits. Current research presents oracles as trusted entities without providing a robust evaluation mechanism for them. This type of design carries the risk of turning oracles into central points of failure. In this paper, a new approach inspired by reinforcement learning (Q-learning) is proposed. We investigate the performance of oracles and select reliable and cost-effective oracles from the blockchain network and compare the efficiency of the proposed method with previous well-known methods. This method, which we call IPQL ‘Integer-based pseudo-Q-Learning’, helps to identify reliable and cost-effective oracles more effectively. The proposed model analyses the behaviour of oracles using a performance-cost table and a framework inspired by the Q-learning algorithm. The IPQL model allows all blockchain validators to verify the results obtained during the execution of the algorithm, thus addressing the issue of randomness in the limited structure of the blockchain. Finally, IPQL is compared with current state-of-the-art methods based on accuracy, cost, and execution time. The results show that the proposed method leads to a 31% increase in success rate and 10% request redirection to safe oracles, a 22% reduction in request redirection to malicious oracles, and a 9.1% improvement in time.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148095893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-26

引用次数: 0

Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Design and Implementation of the Tokenized Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS) 基于区块链的点对点能源交易：token化去中心化能源管理系统（dem）的设计与实现

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-26 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70039

Demiral Akbar, Mert Ünal, Recep Akkaya, Orkun Balci

{"title":"Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Design and Implementation of the Tokenized Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS)","authors":"Demiral Akbar, Mert Ünal, Recep Akkaya, Orkun Balci","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional energy markets are hindered by centralization, high transaction costs, and the systemic exclusion of small-scale prosumers. While blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading platforms offer a decentralized alternative, most suffer from scalability bottlenecks, volatile transaction fees, and poor regulatory alignment—limiting real-world deployment. To bridge this gap, we propose decentralized energy management system (DEMS): a decentralized energy management system built on a permissioned Hyperledger Besu network with IBFT 2.0 consensus, ERC-20-compliant ENRTokens, and a hybrid Web2/Web3 authentication layer. DEMS enables secure, transparent, and regulation-aware P2P energy trading within positive energy districts (PEDs). Evaluated on a 4-node consortium and scaled to 50 nodes via Hyperledger Caliper, the system achieves 5–7 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-2-second finality and predictable operational costs. Unlike public Ethereum or DAG-based alternatives, DEMS supports complex smart contract logic while ensuring GDPR-compliant data handling, role-based access control and auditability. This work contributes a novel, regulation-oriented architecture that integrates energy tokenization with real-world policy constraints, laying the groundwork for scalable, AI-enhanced decentralized energy markets.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Design and Implementation of the Tokenized Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS) 基于区块链的点对点能源交易：token化去中心化能源管理系统（dem）的设计与实现

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-26 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70039

Demiral Akbar, Mert Ünal, Recep Akkaya, Orkun Balci

{"title":"Blockchain-Based Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading: Design and Implementation of the Tokenized Decentralized Energy Management System (DEMS)","authors":"Demiral Akbar, Mert Ünal, Recep Akkaya, Orkun Balci","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional energy markets are hindered by centralization, high transaction costs, and the systemic exclusion of small-scale prosumers. While blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading platforms offer a decentralized alternative, most suffer from scalability bottlenecks, volatile transaction fees, and poor regulatory alignment—limiting real-world deployment. To bridge this gap, we propose decentralized energy management system (DEMS): a decentralized energy management system built on a permissioned Hyperledger Besu network with IBFT 2.0 consensus, ERC-20-compliant ENRTokens, and a hybrid Web2/Web3 authentication layer. DEMS enables secure, transparent, and regulation-aware P2P energy trading within positive energy districts (PEDs). Evaluated on a 4-node consortium and scaled to 50 nodes via Hyperledger Caliper, the system achieves 5–7 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-2-second finality and predictable operational costs. Unlike public Ethereum or DAG-based alternatives, DEMS supports complex smart contract logic while ensuring GDPR-compliant data handling, role-based access control and auditability. This work contributes a novel, regulation-oriented architecture that integrates energy tokenization with real-world policy constraints, laying the groundwork for scalable, AI-enhanced decentralized energy markets.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148091672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-24

引用次数: 0

Decentralized Privacy Preserving Data Sharing Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Using Blockchain Technology 基于区块链技术的电子健康记录（EHR）分散隐私保护数据共享模型

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70037

R. Rajakarthik, Sumalatha V, R Rajalingam

{"title":"Decentralized Privacy Preserving Data Sharing Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Using Blockchain Technology","authors":"R. Rajakarthik, Sumalatha V, R Rajalingam","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"In centralized systems prone to data breaches and single points of failure, issues about security, privacy, scalability, and real-time sharing of electronic health records (EHRs) have arisen in the context of healthcare digitization. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes blockEHR, a decentralized EHR sharing system that uses blockchain technology and protects users' privacy. To communicate health data securely in real time, the suggested method employs Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, edge computing, and a permissioned private Ethereum blockchain. Data collected by IoMT sensors is confirmed at the edge by means of digital signatures, identity cross-referencing, and GPS-based verification. Data on blockchains is protected by smart contracts and access controls based on roles. Both AES-256 encryption and SHA-256 hashing ensure the security of the data. In real time, the system can handle 1850 records/second with minimal latency and great throughput, according to the experiments. The findings demonstrate that blockEHR maintains patient privacy and allows practical healthcare applications while being a secure, scalable and effective decentralized method for managing electronic health records.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decentralized Privacy Preserving Data Sharing Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Using Blockchain Technology 基于区块链技术的电子健康记录（EHR）分散隐私保护数据共享模型

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70037

R. Rajakarthik, Sumalatha V, R Rajalingam

{"title":"Decentralized Privacy Preserving Data Sharing Model for Electronic Health Records (EHR) Using Blockchain Technology","authors":"R. Rajakarthik, Sumalatha V, R Rajalingam","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70037","url":null,"abstract":"In centralized systems prone to data breaches and single points of failure, issues about security, privacy, scalability, and real-time sharing of electronic health records (EHRs) have arisen in the context of healthcare digitization. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes blockEHR, a decentralized EHR sharing system that uses blockchain technology and protects users' privacy. To communicate health data securely in real time, the suggested method employs Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices, edge computing, and a permissioned private Ethereum blockchain. Data collected by IoMT sensors is confirmed at the edge by means of digital signatures, identity cross-referencing, and GPS-based verification. Data on blockchains is protected by smart contracts and access controls based on roles. Both AES-256 encryption and SHA-256 hashing ensure the security of the data. In real time, the system can handle 1850 records/second with minimal latency and great throughput, according to the experiments. The findings demonstrate that blockEHR maintains patient privacy and allows practical healthcare applications while being a secure, scalable and effective decentralized method for managing electronic health records.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proof of Team Sprint: A Collaborative Consensus Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption in Blockchain Systems 团队冲刺证明：区块链系统中降低能耗的协作共识算法

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1049/blc2.70034

Naoki Yonezawa

{"title":"Proof of Team Sprint: A Collaborative Consensus Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption in Blockchain Systems","authors":"Naoki Yonezawa","doi":"10.1049/blc2.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1049/blc2.70034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces proof of team sprint (PoTS), a novel consensus algorithm designed to address the significant energy inefficiencies inherent in traditional proof of work (PoW) systems. PoTS shifts the consensus mechanism from an individual competition model to a collaborative team-based approach. Participants are organized into groups, with each group collaboratively working to solve cryptographic puzzles required to validate transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain. This collaborative approach aims to reduce redundant computation and improve overall energy efficiency. While PoTS is designed to preserve key aspects of security and decentralization, a full evaluation of these properties depends on deployment-specific factors. Under idealized conditions, our model suggests that PoTS can reduce energy consumption by up to a factor of <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$1/N$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, where <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$N$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is the number of participants per team, compared to PoW. Furthermore, PoTS incorporates a team-based reward mechanism that promotes more balanced participation. While this approach encourages inclusivity, its long-term effects on engagement and network stability require further empirical validation. The paper also discusses the scalability, security implications, and potential challenges of adopting PoTS, positioning it as a promising alternative for sustainable blockchain technology.","PeriodicalId":100650,"journal":{"name":"IET Blockchain","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/blc2.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-02-23

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IET Blockchain Pub Date : 2026-02-10

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