{"title":"Modeling Transmission Lines Using a Hybrid Knowledge-Based and Data-Driven Approach","authors":"Yanming Zhang;Lijun Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3167937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3167937","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a novel hybrid knowledge-based and data-driven scheme to determine the governing partial differential equation (PDE) for the transmission line (TL). The two-dimensional (2-D) current and voltage distributions along the TL are used as the input data. The hypothetical functions, including the candidate terms that may appear in the telegraphic equations, are built based on prior knowledge of the TL system of interest. Through the spatial and temporal derivatives performed on 2-D current and voltage data, the governing PDEs of TLs are solely represented by the linear algebraic equations. The ridge regression is employed to ascertain the actual PDEs of TLs via extracting the active terms from hypothetical functions. The accuracy and effectiveness of this approach are demonstrated through three benchmarked examples, including the lossy, nonuniform, and nonlinear TLs. The results verify that the proposed scheme can inverse the per-unit-length (p.-u.-l.) parameters and identify the governing PDEs. Our work offers a helpful technique to establish connections between observation and the theoretical TL model.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"1 ","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67842420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient DC and AC Impedance Calculation for Arbitrary-Shape and Multilayer PDN Using Boundary Integration","authors":"Ling Zhang;Jack Juang;Zurab Kiguradze;Bo Pu;Shuai Jin;Songping Wu;Zhiping Yang;Er-Ping Li;Jun Fan;Chulsoon Hwang","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3164037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3164037","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an efficient methodology based on boundary integration to calculate the dc and ac impedance of power distribution networks (PDNs) for arbitrary-shape and multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs). The proposed method adopts a boundary element method to extract inductances for the arbitrary parallel-plane shapes. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit formed by the via inductances and plane capacitances is solved using the node voltage method. By merging the parallel and serial inductances and simplifying the equivalent circuit, the computation time can be significantly reduced for a large number of vias and layers. This matrix manipulation strategy can be applied to various PCB structures without human intervention or commercial circuit solvers. Moreover, a contour integral method is employed to calculate the dc resistances for arbitrary shape and multilayer PDNs. Therefore, the wideband PDN impedance from dc to ac frequencies can be efficiently calculated through 1-D boundary integration, which can be performed more quickly than full-wave simulations. The proposed method can aid in the development of electronic design automation tools for PDN design.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"1 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67842421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muqi Ouyang;Xiao-Ding Cai;Bo Pu;Qian Gao;Srinath Penugonda;Chaofeng Li;Bidyut Sen;Chulsoon Hwang;DongHyun Kim
{"title":"Novel Formulations of Multireflections and Their Applications to High-Speed Channel Design","authors":"Muqi Ouyang;Xiao-Ding Cai;Bo Pu;Qian Gao;Srinath Penugonda;Chaofeng Li;Bidyut Sen;Chulsoon Hwang;DongHyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3176592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3176592","url":null,"abstract":"Reflection theory has been long established for over decades targeted at microwave and radio frequency (RF) applications. With ultra-high-bandwidth applications emerging, such as 112 Gb/s and higher speed Ethernet protocols, discontinuities in high-speed channels negatively impact signal quality, where reflections become one of the most critical concerns in high-speed designs. In this article, for the first time, we analyzed the traditional reflection theory and proposed and verified a new formulation, which exhibits the reflection-related parameters explicitly, indicating where design optimization can be made for high-bandwidth applications using the backtracked propagation method. Our closed-form formulation is applied to high-speed channel examples, where effective mitigation of negative impact from reflections on signal integrity can be identified to be used as a prelayout channel design guide. Our proposed formulation of the reflection theory provides more accurate prediction of high-speed channel behavior to minimize the negative signal integrity impact from reflections.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"1 ","pages":"43-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67842424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanzhi Ma;Da Li;Er-Ping Li;Andreas C. Cangellaris;Xu Chen
{"title":"A Fast Optimization Method for High-Speed Link Inverse Design With SVR-AS Algorithm","authors":"Hanzhi Ma;Da Li;Er-Ping Li;Andreas C. Cangellaris;Xu Chen","doi":"10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3173592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TSIPI.2022.3173592","url":null,"abstract":"A fast constrained design optimization technique is introduced for the inverse design of high-speed links. The proposed method makes use of the support-vector-regression-based active subspace (SVR-AS) method to generate a lower dimensional space of active variables as a linear weighted combination of the higher dimensional design space to help simplify the optimization problem. This newly developed technique successfully transforms the complex nonlinear constraint optimization problem into a linear constraint minimization problem and provides a directly solvable function for the optimal results associated with each active variable. Furthermore, the proposed optimization algorithm can be utilized for the optimization problem with equality and inequality constraints, which contain one- and multidimensional active variables generated from the SVR-AS method. Studies of two high-speed links with channel design parameters for nonreturn-to-zero pulse and IBIS-AMI equalization settings for four-level pulse amplitude modulation, respectively, are utilized to verify the efficiency of the method. The sensitivity analysis ability of the SVR-AS method is also presented for both the one- and multidimensional active variable cases.","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"1 ","pages":"22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67842416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lossy Transmission Lines","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84536857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circuit-Board Design Process","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clocks, Jitter, and Eye Diagrams","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77945926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ground Bounce and Ringing","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83169258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmission Lines: Reflections and Termination","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86927-4_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78950555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gates, Packaging, and Boards: Properties and Modeling","authors":"S. Russ","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29758-3_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100646,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Signal and Power Integrity","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75101494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}