hLife最新文献

{"title":"Migrasome-driven mitocytosis relieves mitochondrial damage induced by chikungunya virus TF and 6K","authors":"Shengnan Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Leiliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection induces the formation of migrasomes, yet their specific role in CHIKV pathogenesis remains unclear. This study explores the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial damage induced by CHIKV 181 clone 25 (CHIKV 181/25) and the role of migrasomes in mitigating this damage. Using cultured cell lines, we assessed the impact of CHIKV infection on mitochondrial integrity and function, with particular emphasis on the viroporin proteins transframe (TF) and 6K. We utilized fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to visualize the interplay between migrasome formation and damaged mitochondria. Additionally, calcium imaging assays were conducted to evaluate intracellular calcium levels, and RNA sequencing was performed to examine gene expression. Our results demonstrated that CHIKV infection leads to mitochondrial damage, mediated by the action of TF and 6K. Notably, migrasomes induced by nonstructural protein 1 (nsP1) effectively clearing impaired mitochondria through mitocytosis. Furthermore, we identified the arginine residue R37 within the viroporin proteins of CHIKV as crucial for inducing mitochondrial damage through elevated intracellular calcium levels. Importantly, R37 within TF from other alphaviruses is also critical for mitochondrial damage. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the complex interplay between CHIKV and mitochondrial dysfunction, positioning migrasomes as potential mediators in alleviating CHIKV-induced mitochondrial damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 92-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal–organic framework: Nobel recognition of an artificial periodic porous platform","authors":"Xubo Fang ,&nbsp;Mo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Guo ,&nbsp;Weiwei Wu ,&nbsp;Kenichi Otake ,&nbsp;Ming-Shui Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of protein structures","authors":"Jia-huai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies virus glycoprotein: Structure, function, and antivirals","authors":"Yu You ,&nbsp;Fanli Yang ,&nbsp;Sheng Lin,&nbsp;Zimin Chen,&nbsp;Siqi Shu,&nbsp;Yueru Yu,&nbsp;Bin He,&nbsp;Yu Cao,&nbsp;Guangwen Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rabies, a persistent and historic global zoonosis, continues to impose a significant public health burden, particularly in resource-limited regions. The causative agent, rabies virus (RABV; genus <em>Lyssavirus</em>, family Rhabdoviridae), possesses a surface glycoprotein (G) that is pivotal for virus entry and pathogenesis. Rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) mediates binding to host cell receptor(s) and acidic-pH-dependent membrane fusion, enabling the release of RNA genome into the host cytoplasm. It is also the main target for neutralizing antibodies and the major component of rabies vaccines. In this review, we systematically summarize the structural features, functional mechanisms, and antiviral targeting strategies of RABV-G, emphasizing recent structural insights into its conformational dynamics. Key neutralizing epitopes and their recognition by monoclonal antibodies are discussed, along with antiviral strategies, including entry inhibitors, antibody therapies, and advanced vaccine platforms. Accumulating structural analyses indicate that the pH-dependent and reversible conformational transitions of this class III viral fusion protein underlie both viral infectivity and vulnerability to immune intervention. Collectively, available data establish that neutralizing epitopes on RABV-G are conformationally defined and dynamically regulated during fusion, thereby constraining viral entry and dictating the effectiveness of antibody- and entry inhibitor–mediated neutralization. Together, these findings establish RABV-G as the primary determinant of rabies virus virulence and immune control. By exploring the structural framework and prospective treatment modalities, we aim to enhance our understanding of rabies virus, particularly the glycoprotein G, and support ongoing initiatives to alleviate the burden of rabies, offering renewed optimism in the battle against this formidable infectious disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 67-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health surveillance of bat virome in mainland Southeast Asia and adjacent regions","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Fengjuan Tian ,&nbsp;Rong Xiang ,&nbsp;Sen Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuo Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Zhao ,&nbsp;Tengcheng Que ,&nbsp;Shousheng Li ,&nbsp;Yav Sothea ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jiafu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yigang Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bats are critical viral reservoirs that harbor viromes with high cross-species transmission risks, yet their virome diversity in the mainland Southeast Asia and adjacent regions remains underexplored. Here, we characterized the bat viromes from 659 samples (197 individuals, 16 species) from Yunnan province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, China, as well as from Cambodia, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). RNA sequencing, viral classification, phylogenetic analyses, and deep learning-based host adaptability analysis were performed to reveal the viral composition and cross-species transmission risks. We identified 137 viral strains, including 40 novel species spanning 18 families. Viral richness was highest in Vespertilionidae bats (12 viral families found) along China's southwestern border, where Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-like coronavirus (CoV) was found. Cambodian bat viruses were evolutionarily more distant from those of known viruses. A porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-related CoV was found in Cambodia, showing 90.36% genome homology with PEDV CV777 and exhibiting recombinant features between Suidae-adapted <em>ORF1ab</em> and Chiroptera-adapted <em>Spike</em> genes, suggesting that bats are the evolutionary source of PEDV. These findings illuminate the undercharacterized bat viral diversity in biogeographic transition zones and highlight the mainland Southeast Asia and adjacent regions as a hotspot for CoV recombination. We advocate for enhanced One Health-aligned surveillance targeting viral recombination hotspots and human–bat interfaces in this ecologically critical region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual strategies for durable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Immune trajectories and viral fitness constraints","authors":"Pengyue Gao ,&nbsp;Linh Nguyen ,&nbsp;André Costa Lobato ,&nbsp;George Fu Gao ,&nbsp;Zhou Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 2","pages":"Pages 123-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147413191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between bacteria and pulmonary immune system in respiratory infections","authors":"Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Letong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiwen Qin ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The local immune system of the lungs is essential for the defense against pathogens, and respiratory bacterial infections remain a major cause of mortality in patients with lower respiratory tract diseases. However, the precise mechanisms underlying immune–pathogen interactions and the modulatory roles of commensal bacteria remain incompletely understood. This review discusses the mechanisms of immune recognition and inflammatory responses during bacterial respiratory bacterial infections, highlighting the importance of pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, and C-type lectin receptors in detecting pathogens and triggering immune signaling pathways. We also explore how commensal bacteria influence the respiratory immune microenvironment and discuss the complex interplay among pathogenic bacteria, commensals, and the host pulmonary immune system. This analysis provides a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted therapeutics against bacterial respiratory infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145872151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and human endogenous retroviruses","authors":"Chen-Ze Xu ,&nbsp;Fan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 16-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145872152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis identifies bystander-activated innate cytotoxic CD8+ T cells as predictors and therapeutic biomarkers for acute graft-versus-host disease","authors":"Yinchun Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Limei Zhong ,&nbsp;Haimei Deng ,&nbsp;Jun Yu ,&nbsp;Huijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenjian Mo ,&nbsp;Shunqing Wang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction and monitoring of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remain challenging in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) as current diagnostic approaches rely on symptomatic presentation. Therefore, this study sought to identify predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for aGVHD through longitudinal immune monitoring and mechanistic investigations. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected weekly for 100 days from a group of 115 allo-HSCT recipients. CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺CD8⁺ T (activated CD8⁺ T) cells were analyzed using the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm for high-dimensional data visualization and population identification. Clinical data integration was used to assess biomarker utility. Mechanistic studies included interleukin-15 (IL-15) stimulation, signaling pathway inhibition, cytotoxicity assays, and xenogeneic GVHD modeling with anti-CD38 (daratumumab) intervention. Our results revealed that sustained elevation of activated CD8⁺ T cells (&gt; 36.6%) within the first month post-transplantation predicted aGVHD onset with high accuracy (AUC = 0.84, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Cell frequency dynamically correlated with treatment outcome, decreasing substantially in responders. Mechanistically, IL-15 drove T-cell receptor (TCR)-independent cytotoxicity <em>via</em> PI3K/mTOR activation, mediated by natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) and major histocompatibility complex class I chain related proteins A (MIC-α) interactions, validated by reduced K562 cell lysis following antibody blockade. In an 8–10-week-old NSG mouse model for xenogeneic transplantation, treatment with daratumumab (5 mg/kg) effectively lowered histopathological damage and increased survival. In conclusion, activated CD8⁺ T cells can serve as dual-purpose biomarkers for early aGVHD prediction and treatment monitoring. Their IL-15-driven cytotoxicity represents a targetable pathway, with daratumumab demonstrating therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 20-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145872153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From “Three” to all—A new chapter for hLife","authors":"George Fu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145872239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}