hLife Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.002

Satish Kumar Tiwari , Florent Ginhoux

{"title":"Advancements in 3D models for studying human iPSC-microglia: Insights into neurodevelopment and neurological disorders","authors":"Satish Kumar Tiwari , Florent Ginhoux","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microglia are immune cells of the central nervous system, playing a vital role in brain development, homeostasis, and disease. When these cells become dysfunctional, they can contribute to various psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. To enhance our understanding of microglial function, researchers are increasingly employing human cell-based models. This approach significantly improves our investigations into these complex conditions and aids in ongoing drug development efforts. <em>In vitro</em> models of human microglia, derived from disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are essential for examining their roles in neurological disorders. These models provide a controlled environment for studying the cellular and molecular processes involved in microglia-driven neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Integrating microglia into three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures yields a more physiologically relevant model of the human brain, thereby advancing the study of brain development and the pathology of neurological disorders. Currently, brain organoid models are limited by the absence of key components, such as vasculature, which restricts their growth and hinders the optimal modeling of neurodevelopment, as well as the examination of microglial forms and functions. This review explores newly developed 3D models for generating human-induced microglia and investigates the potential of these <em>in vitro</em> systems to improve our understanding of brain development and the disorders that emerge from its disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 5","pages":"Pages 204-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospect for damage control in current autism spectrum disorder interventions 当前自闭症谱系障碍干预中损害控制的展望

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.009

Qi Zhang, Qiang Li

引用次数: 0

Tip optofluidic immunoassay: Evaluating COVID-19 antibody protection with 1 μL fingertip blood 指尖光流免疫测定：1 μL指尖血评价COVID-19抗体保护作用

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.005

Xiaotian Tan , Yujuan Chai , Ruihan Li , Binmao Zhang , Hao Li , Jie Zhang , Tianen Zhu , Weishu Wu , Lixiang An , Shi Hu , Bin Yang , Li Wang , Zhenqiu Cao , Hongjiu Zhang , Peng Wang , Lingling Yu , Shan Yin , Xingyu Li , Fei Shao , Jianheng Huang , Hui Yang

{"title":"Tip optofluidic immunoassay: Evaluating COVID-19 antibody protection with 1 μL fingertip blood","authors":"Xiaotian Tan , Yujuan Chai , Ruihan Li , Binmao Zhang , Hao Li , Jie Zhang , Tianen Zhu , Weishu Wu , Lixiang An , Shi Hu , Bin Yang , Li Wang , Zhenqiu Cao , Hongjiu Zhang , Peng Wang , Lingling Yu , Shan Yin , Xingyu Li , Fei Shao , Jianheng Huang , Hui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to pose significant global health challenges. Effective management of reinfection risks depends on sustained levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies. However, conventional methods—such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and virus neutralization tests (VNT)—are limited by complex workflows, long assay durations, and high sample volume requirements, making them less suitable for routine, decentralized, or time-sensitive surveillance. This study presents a custom-developed tip optofluidic immunoassay (TOI) platform that enables rapid, multiplexed antibody profiling using only 1 μL of fingertip blood. The system integrates batch-fabricated microfluidic immunoreactors with a portable chemiluminescent imaging station, completing both binding and neutralization capability assessments within 40 min. TOI achieves a broad dynamic range (3–4 orders of magnitude), high signal-to-noise ratio (∼10,000), and excellent sensitivity for immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection. A renovated version of the rapid <em>in vitro</em> inhibition assay (RIVIA) is incorporated to evaluate neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with greater speed and cost-efficiency. In clinical studies, TOI successfully quantified antibody protection against multiple variants, identifying individuals with broad-spectrum immunity to both wild-type and XBB strains. With its high-precision, rapid turnaround, and minimal sample requirement, TOI offers a valuable tool for decentralized immune surveillance and personalized immunization strategy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 7","pages":"Pages 338-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VarEPS-MPXV: A risk evaluation system for observed and virtual variations in mpox virus genomes VarEPS-MPXV: m痘病毒基因组观察和虚拟变异的风险评估系统

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.003

Qinglan Sun , Chang Shu , Yuanbin Liu , Jian Lu , Guomei Fan , Ziquan Lv , Yulin Fu , Yingfeng Luo , Shenghan Gao , Juncai Ma , Songnian Hu , Linhuan Wu

{"title":"VarEPS-MPXV: A risk evaluation system for observed and virtual variations in mpox virus genomes","authors":"Qinglan Sun , Chang Shu , Yuanbin Liu , Jian Lu , Guomei Fan , Ziquan Lv , Yulin Fu , Yingfeng Luo , Shenghan Gao , Juncai Ma , Songnian Hu , Linhuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mpox virus (MPXV) is undergoing mutations at an alarmingly rapid pace, necessitating heightened genomic surveillance to manage its global spread. However, current assessments lack a comprehensive evaluation of genomic variations and the influence of environmental and social factors. To address this gap, we developed the mpox virus variations risk evaluation system (VarEPS-MPXV), which uses a multidimensional strategy to assess observed and virtual variations—those that have yet to occur—thereby mitigating time-lag issues in risk prediction. The system integrates six environmental and four social factors to monitor their impact on genomic variation. By analyzing 17,523 publicly available MPXV sequences, we identified 61,788 unique amino acid variants and highlighted five significant mutations. Notably, <em>OPG118</em>: K606E is predicted to play a critical role in MPXV survival and transmission. Our assessment revealed that most key mutations involved amino acid substitutions with low mutational barriers. Variations in the <em>OPG190</em> gene may alter antibody affinity, while the mutation at site 127 in the <em>OPG038</em> gene may influence immune protein binding stability. The VarEPS-MPXV offers vital support for managing MPXV outbreaks and other viral diseases, contributing to global public health research and practice. Researchers can freely access the database at <span><span>https://nmdc.cn/mpox/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 7","pages":"Pages 327-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiota, chronic inflammation, and health: The promise of inflammatome and inflammatomics for precision medicine and health care 微生物群，慢性炎症和健康：炎症组学和炎症组学对精准医学和卫生保健的承诺

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.004

Huan Zhang , Bing Jun Yang Lee , Tong Wang , Xuesong Xiang , Yafang Tan , Yanping Han , Yujing Bi , Fachao Zhi , Xin Wang , Fang He , Seppo J. Salminen , Baoli Zhu , Ruifu Yang

{"title":"Microbiota, chronic inflammation, and health: The promise of inflammatome and inflammatomics for precision medicine and health care","authors":"Huan Zhang , Bing Jun Yang Lee , Tong Wang , Xuesong Xiang , Yafang Tan , Yanping Han , Yujing Bi , Fachao Zhi , Xin Wang , Fang He , Seppo J. Salminen , Baoli Zhu , Ruifu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The terms “inflammatome” (holistic inflammation networks) and “inflammatomics” (a novel omics field) were proposed to decode dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammation and its disease links. Inflammatomics explores microbiota–immune crosstalk, particularly innate immune interactions, revealing how dysregulated microbial communities trigger chronic inflammation underlying disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic diseases, and neurodegeneration. This discipline transcends traditional inflammation paradigms by dissecting molecular pathways connecting dysbiosis to systemic inflammation, enabling early detection and precision interventions. It integrates evolutionary perspectives on host–microbe interactions, emphasizing the human body as a stress-sensitive “organ”. Challenges include standardizing inflammatome profiling, translating findings into clinical tools, and advancing multiomics technologies. By bridging microbial ecology, immunology, and systems medicine, inflammatomics holds a transformative potential to shift health care from reactive treatment to proactive, personalized prevention, targeting disease origins shaped by chronic inflammatome dysregulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 7","pages":"Pages 307-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy for autoimmune conditions 利用异体 CAR-T 细胞疗法治疗自身免疫疾病

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.003

Qun Yan , Huji Xu

引用次数: 0

Developing next-generation tuberculosis vaccines based on pathogen–host interactions: Towards a holistic perspective 基于病原体-宿主相互作用开发新一代结核病疫苗：迈向整体视角

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2024.11.003

Zehui Lei , Jing Wang , Cui Hua Liu

引用次数: 0

Machine learning approach to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer patients 机器学习方法预测结直肠癌患者的预后和免疫治疗反应

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.001

Zhen Liu , Dou Yu , Pengyan Xia , Shuo Wang

{"title":"Machine learning approach to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responses in colorectal cancer patients","authors":"Zhen Liu , Dou Yu , Pengyan Xia , Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immune-related genes in the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment are closely associated with patient prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study, a CRC risk model was established utilizing the expression profiles of immune-related genes. The risk prediction framework for CRC was created by integrating clinical and transcriptomic data through machine learning techniques. We incorporated 13 core immune-related genes (<em>IL18BP</em>, <em>RSAD2</em>, <em>G0S2</em>, <em>SIGLEC1</em>, <em>SFRP2</em>, <em>IFI44L</em>, <em>ISG20</em>, <em>IFIT1</em>, <em>OLR1</em>, <em>SAMHD1</em>, <em>HK3</em>, <em>PTAFR</em>, and <em>CSF1</em>), constructed a prognostic model and established Immune Response-related Risk Score (IRRS) model in CRC. IRRS strongly correlated with cancer staging, immune cell infiltration, immune cell activation, and the expression of genes associated with immunotherapy targets. Furthermore, this IRRS model outperformed the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) tool in predicting immunotherapy response. Therefore, by integrating patient clinical and transcriptomic data and applying machine learning algorithms, we developed a predictive model with enhanced accuracy and clinical utility for risk stratification and immunotherapy response prediction in CRC patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 172-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis exacerbates periodontitis via the NADPH oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species axis in M1-like macrophages 葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的结肠炎通过m1样巨噬细胞NADPH氧化酶2/活性氧轴加重牙周炎

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.01.006

Tiansong Xu , Liqi Zhang , Murong Li , He Zhu , Ying Ni , Cancan Huang , Peihui Zou , Jie Zhang , Qian Zhang , Zhong Zheng , Chenggang Duan , Feng Chen

{"title":"Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis exacerbates periodontitis via the NADPH oxidase 2/reactive oxygen species axis in M1-like macrophages","authors":"Tiansong Xu , Liqi Zhang , Murong Li , He Zhu , Ying Ni , Cancan Huang , Peihui Zou , Jie Zhang , Qian Zhang , Zhong Zheng , Chenggang Duan , Feng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hlife.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodontitis is associated with various systemic diseases, among the most important of which is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms by which IBD exacerbates periodontitis remain unclear. Activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis in macrophages can worsen intestinal inflammation and periodontitis. Nonetheless, whether IBD aggravates periodontitis by activating the NOX2/ROS axis, specifically in oral macrophages is unknown. In this study, we established animal models and analyzed single-cell RNA data to investigate these pathogenic pathways. Periodontal inflammation was exacerbated <em>via</em> the NOX2/ROS pathway in tumor necrosis factor M1-like macrophages during colitis. Notably, when a NOX2 inhibitor was administered, resulting in reduced ROS expression in periodontal tissue, both periodontal and intestinal inflammation were significantly alleviated, and disruption of the periodontal and intestinal microbiota was reduced. By uncovering the pathogenic pathways linking these two diseases, this study provides insight into potential treatments for periodontitis and related systemic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100609,"journal":{"name":"hLife","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 187-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence is transforming the study of proteins: Structures and beyond 人工智能正在改变蛋白质的研究：结构及其他

hLife Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlife.2025.01.002

Haiyan Liu , Quan Chen , Yufeng Liu

引用次数: 0

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