Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"An ecodesigned reagent-free paper-based electrochemical sensor modified with carbon black for the detection of essential oils","authors":"Luca Fiore ,&nbsp;Arianna Antinucci ,&nbsp;Giorgia Leotta ,&nbsp;Laura Fabiani ,&nbsp;Alessandro Iannini ,&nbsp;Pierluca Galloni ,&nbsp;Riccardo De Santis ,&nbsp;Andrea Ciammaruconi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Grilli ,&nbsp;Elisa Recchia ,&nbsp;Florigio Lista ,&nbsp;Fabiana Arduini","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of sustainability, the use of natural compounds as antimicrobial compounds is the rational selection to avoid the release of pollutants into the environment. Among natural compounds, essential oils are characterized by reliable antimicrobial activity and their use is estimated to grow in the future, thus their detection is an asked point. Herein, we report an electrochemical reagent-free paper-based device for the detection of essential oils, namely thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol by adding 5 µL of solution onto the electrode. We functionalized the working electrode with carbon black by drop casting, demonstrating for the first time the improved sensitivity in essential oil detection using this affordable nanomaterial. To deliver a reagent-free device, the paper-based electrode was loaded with the working buffer for asking the end-user only the addition of the sample. This sensor detected the selected essential oils in a dynamic linear range of up to 16 ppm, with a detection limit equal to 0.1, 0.1, and 0.2 ppm for thymol, eugenol, and carvacrol, respectively. Moreover, the sensor's sustainability was evaluated using the RGBfast method, highlighting its whiteness compared to conventional chromatographic techniques. The reliable results obtained using the paper-based electrochemical sensor demonstrated the versatility, eco-friendliness, and practicality of this sensing tool, enlarging its use in essential oil detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtention of stable neuroprotective extracts from orange by-products by gas-expanded liquids extraction (GXLE) and liposomal microencapsulation","authors":"Victor M. Amador-Luna,&nbsp;Lidia Montero,&nbsp;Pablo Mendoza-Orbaneja,&nbsp;Elena Ibáñez,&nbsp;Miguel Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of agrifood by-products to obtain high added-value products is an interesting research topic in the frame of Circular Economy. Moreover, the development of environmentally respectful and efficient extraction tools to obtain interesting compounds from those biomasses is a necessity today. In this contribution, a process combining gas-expanded liquids extraction together with a novel microencapsulation protocol is studied with the aim to recover and stabilize neuroprotective compounds from orange by-products. Both process conditions were optimized by means of experimental designs. After their application, optimum extraction conditions involved the use of 30 % ethyl acetate expanded into CO₂ at 50 °C,10 MPa, for 30 min in static mode. The obtained extracts showed higher bioactivities than other similar extracts obtained using pressurized liquids and supercritical fluid extractions. On the other hand, the optimization of a cryo-stirred microencapsulation protocol allowed an effective encapsulation higher than 73 %. Consequently, the overall bioactivity of the encapsulated product was reduced due to this value, although the product was demonstrated to be stable for &gt;4 months of storage under accelerated conditions (45 °C and 80 % humidity), while the non-encapsulated original extract lost 50 % of its activity in less than a month. Thus, the obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the combined approach to achieve the valorization of commonly found agrifood by-products into added-value extracts with potential as functional ingredients due to their bioactivity and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143301557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry approaches in the analytical validation of fosravuconazole using UV spectrophotometry and HPLC","authors":"Jeswin Maliyakal,&nbsp;Mital Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fosravuconazole, a newly developed oral antifungal medication by Eisai, has been utilized since 2018 for the treatment of tinea unguium. Its notable characteristics include high oral absorption and systemic bioavailability, which allow for a brief treatment duration of 3 months. Its mild inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, which plays a role in adverse effects during polypharmacy, allows for the safe use of fosravuconazole alongside other medications, making it suitable for elderly patients. This study addresses the need for a precise quantitative method to determine “Fosravuconazole” using UV spectrophotometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method used an isocratic approach with a reversed-phase CHROMASIL C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 µm), a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min and detection at a wavelength of 287 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of Acetonitrile and a 10 mM Ammonium Acetate buffer at pH 4.5, with the pH adjusted using acetic acid. Both methods were rigorously validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating their suitability for the assessment of individual substances in various mixtures. To evaluate their environmental impact, AGREE, GAPI, and BAGI were used to evaluate the methods highlighting their sustainability in terms of solvent consumption, chemical and energy use, waste generation. BAGI showed that both methods possess scores above the recommended threshold score of 60, qualifying them for industrial applications. The UV method demonstrated a greener profile compared to the HPLC method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and identification of microfibers released from textiles during simulated accelerated washing","authors":"João Pinto da Costa ,&nbsp;Ana Costa ,&nbsp;Andréa Marinho ,&nbsp;Alcina Pimenta ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Fonte ,&nbsp;Ana L. Patrício Silva ,&nbsp;António José Fernandes ,&nbsp;Florinda M. Costa ,&nbsp;Damià Barceló ,&nbsp;Lúcia H.M.L.M. Santos ,&nbsp;Armando Duarte ,&nbsp;Teresa Rocha-Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics, including plastic microfibers, consist of a wide range of materials of varying composition and morphology, as well as surface chemistry. Given their already demonstrated ubiquity in the environment and the inherent complexity of the different matrices in which these are found, detection and quantification methods are, consequently, quite disparate and gathered data are often not amenable for comparison. As such, methods for the sampling, quantification and characterization of microplastics should be fit-for-purpose, meaning that they should account for the scientific questions being asked within a determined setting and environment. However, within identical matrices and between comparable research questions, methodologies should match, and standardization should be applied. As such, in this work, fibers from different fabrics were subjected to a simulated accelerated washing process to determine the release of microfibers into the resulting water following established and defined international standards. Though there are numerous examples of scientific works delving into this subject, the present work constitutes an initial step towards the use of internationally recognized methodologies for the determination of microfibers during washing processes that, when in conjunction with other similarly carried out works, may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of release of these materials during everyday activities, such as washing and drying of clothes. Furthermore, experimental results showed that special care and attention should be paid when resorting to automated software-based identification of microplastics in environmental matrices, as this may not be as accurate as previously considered, particularly for increasingly used techniques, such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of AI-based collagen valorization: Recent trends, innovations in extraction, and applications","authors":"Arthi Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Arun Gupta ,&nbsp;Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collagen, constituting approximately 30 % of total body proteins, is a critical structural protein with extensive applications in biomedical, cosmetic, and food industries. Despite its importance, large volumes of collagen-rich organic waste generated by meat, leather, and seafood industries remain underutilized, leading to significant environmental challenges. Piscine waste contributes up to 70 % of total fish body weight, while poultry farms produce approximately 89,000 tons of solid waste annually. This review provides a detailed analysis of collagen-rich waste sources, including bovine, porcine, piscine, caprine, ovine, and avian, examining their waste percentages, protein content, and extraction efficiencies. The study explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing collagen extraction processes, enhancing efficiency, yield, and quality while reducing energy consumption and waste generation. AI-driven methods have demonstrated improvements in energy efficiency by up to 40 % and reductions in waste by 45 %, enabling environmentally sustainable and cost-effective practices. Collagen valorization is further aligned with circular economy principles, focusing on converting waste into high-value products such as collagen peptides, biomaterials, and functional foods. By integrating advanced AI technologies with diverse collagen sources, this review provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable collagen processing that addresses environmental challenges and enhances resource utilization. The study emphasizes the potential to create economically valuable products while promoting environmental sustainability and innovation, paving the way for efficient and eco-friendly practices in the collagen industry through a holistic and multidisciplinary approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry based analysis of persistent mobile organic compounds in aqueous samples: Method development and optimization","authors":"Kyriaki Anagnostopoulou ,&nbsp;Vasileios Alampanos ,&nbsp;Eleni Evgenidou ,&nbsp;Dimitra A. Lambropoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent Mobile Organic Compounds (PMOCs) represent a critical threat to water resources due to their high solubility, resistance to degradation, and potential toxicity, posing risks to human health and ecosystems. Their detection and analysis are particularly challenging, necessitating advanced analytical techniques to support regulatory measures and ensure safe drinking water. This study addresses these challenges by developing and optimizing a robust method for PMOC detection, integrating solid-phase extraction with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-HRMS). By bridging analytical gaps in PMOC identification, the research contributes to water quality protection and aligns with global environmental and public health goals. The method is designed to accommodate the diverse physicochemical properties of PMOCs, enabling the detection of a broad spectrum of compounds. Innovations include the creation of a comprehensive PMOC target list, optimization of sample preparation with specialized SPE cartridges, and the fine-tuning of chromatographic and HRMS parameters. A central composite design and desirability function (DF) approach were used to optimize the HRMS analysis, while the most suitable SPE cartridge, column, and mobile phase composition were carefully selected through experimental trials. The method achieved recoveries within 70–120 % and excellent linearity (r² &gt; 0.997) for all analytes. Validated under European directives (2002/657/EC and SANTE 11,813/2017), the study offers a sensitive, reliable, and regulatory-compliant framework for PMOC monitoring in water systems. By addressing both scientific and regulatory demands, this work advances environmental analytical chemistry and strengthens efforts to protect water resources from emerging contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous estimation of tadalafil and macitentan in rat plasma: Greenness assessment and design of experiment approach","authors":"Sravanthi Gandu,&nbsp;Kumaraswamy Gandla,&nbsp;Lalitha Repudi","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of tadalafil and macitentan in rat plasma, enabling detailed pharmacokinetic profiling following single-dose administration. Optimization of critical parameters, including organic phase composition (50% acetonitrile), flow rate (1.0 mL/min), and pH (3.2), was achieved using a Box-Behnken Design, ensuring accurate separation and quantification. The retention times were 4.13 min for tadalafil, 5.32 min for macitentan, and 7.89 min for the internal standard, ritonavir. The method adhered to regulatory validation guidelines, linearity was observed over a concentration range of 20 to 400 ng/mL for tadalafil and 5 to 100 ng/ml for macitentan, yielding correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9998, respectively, with limits of quantitation (LOQs) of 19.10 ng/mL for tadalafil and 4.21 ng/mL for macitentan. Precision, expressed as %CV, was consistently below 15% for both intra- and inter-day variability. Drug recovery exceeded 98%, and stability tests demonstrated robustness under various conditions, with %CV values remaining under 15%. Pharmacokinetic studies in male Wistar rats (tadalafil: 0.0033 mg/kg; macitentan: 0.0003 mg/kg) revealed distinct absorption and elimination profiles. Tadalafil exhibited a peak concentration (Cmax) of 164.2 ng/mL at 1.5 h, an AUC0–t of 806 ng·h/mL, and a half-life of 5 h, indicative of rapid clearance. In contrast, macitentan displayed a lower Cmax of 43.8 ng/mL at 2 h, an AUC0–t of 987 ng·h/mL, and a prolonged half-life of 15 h, suggesting sustained systemic exposure. These pharmacokinetic variations highlight the potential for tailored dosing strategies. Environmental assessment using green analytical chemistry tools confirmed the eco-friendly design of the method, characterized by reduced solvent consumption and low toxicity. This validated LC-MS/MS method provides a robust and sustainable analytical solution for preclinical pharmacokinetic studies, delivering reliable data to inform safe and effective dosing of tadalafil and macitentan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining the greenness of quantitative analytical methods for drugs: A case study of a multipurpose novel janus kinase inhibitor","authors":"Sagar Suman Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Greenness has become a popular term in the field of analytical chemistry, with significant advancements in measuring the greenness of methods. Several newer approaches are exploring the different practical aspects of measuring the greenness of newly developed analytical procedures. However, conducting a retrospective greenness assessment of older methods can be beneficial and cost-effective in achieving sustainable method performance within the regulatory framework. The current study highlights the significance of evaluating greenness using various existing greenness metrics. Furthermore, it presents a case study that assesses the greenness of various reported methods and a newly developed systematic infrared spectroscopic method for a novel drug, baricitinib. The designed experiments-oriented infrared method development offered a robust framework for optimizing and validating the method, assuring robustness and reliability of results while minimizing resource demand, overall developmental time, and method failure. The recent method's linearity, accuracy, and precision were acceptable, and sophisticated sample preparation was not required. Finally, it addresses several practical challenges and gaps that can be overcome by some of the necessary revisions in the existing procedures. In summary, this study raises awareness among the analyst community about the importance of adopting the greenness metrics approach, for newly developed methods and existing methods, in order to achieve predefined method performance throughout the method lifecycle and support green initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review of greenness, whiteness, and blueness assessments of analytical methods","authors":"Sherin F. Hammad ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Adel Hamid ,&nbsp;Latifa Adly ,&nbsp;Samar H. Elagamy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on green analytical chemistry GAC to minimize the environmental impact of analytical methods. GAC principles encourage the development of eco-friendly techniques by reducing waste, energy consumption, and harmful reagents. Several tools have been introduced to evaluate the environmental impact of analytical methods, providing numerical or visual representations of their environmental impact. However, many of these tools overlook the crucial role of sample preparation, assuming it can be avoided, which is not always practical. In numerous cases, sample preparation is essential to isolate the desired analyte from complex matrices, ensuring accurate and reliable analysis. Thus, modern assessment tools have evolved to include sample preparation in their evaluation, providing a more comprehensive and fair judgment of the sustainability of the method. Today, various metrics are available to evaluate the sustainability of analytical methods, including green metrics and models for assessing whiteness, blueness, or the practicality of the method. This review will explore and compare these metrics, highlighting their advantages and limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenness, blueness and whiteness evaluated rapid Attenuated Total Reflection/ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy method for piper nigrum Samples Coupled with multivariate analysis","authors":"Rinkal N Patel ,&nbsp;Kunjal L Vegad ,&nbsp;Ruchik V Mistry ,&nbsp;Nikunj D Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>“Piper nigrum”,</em> a very well-known black gold is recommended to treat numerous ailments. The primary concerns in quality of <em>piper nigrum</em> arise due to numerous factors including adulteration, omission and partial substitution. A novel, rapid, steadfast method based on attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique with a diamond crystal was developed to evaluate samples of <em>piper nigrum.</em> Total twenty-six different samples including authenticated in-house sample were studied. For, Fourier transform infrared study transmittance mode was kept to record the spectra. The resultant data was then treated with chemometric method. Chemometric methods like Principal Component Analysis was used for quality assessment of <em>piper nigrum</em> by evaluating the differences in market samples. 25 important FTIR peaks responsible for complete variation for routine analysis of <em>piper nigrum</em> samples were identified and based on score plot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), outliers were distinguished from the authenticated <em>piper nigrum</em> sample. The greenness, evaluation of the developed method was achieved through Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI) (85), Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) (0.95) revealing the method's favourable eco-friendly profile. Blueness evaluation through Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) score (80) indicated excellent applicability, while whiteness evaluation through the precise re-versioned RGB pretty good score (Ex ante: 91.8, Ex post: 91.4) confirmed cost-effectiveness and sustainability. This novel eco-friendly approach offers a rapid, green, blue and-white substitute to available conventional analytical techniques. The developed method was easy to handle, cheaper, simple, rapid, precise and stable that can be used as an effective routine quality assessment of <em>piper nigrum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143142314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}