Future Batteries最新文献

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Role of surface Li vacancies on the moisture stability of Li10SiP2S12 solid electrolyte: Insights from first-principles calculations 表面Li空位对Li10SiP2S12固体电解质水分稳定性的影响:第一性原理计算的见解
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100043
Hou-Jen Lai, Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu, Hao-Xiang Zheng, Jyh-Chiang Jiang
{"title":"Role of surface Li vacancies on the moisture stability of Li10SiP2S12 solid electrolyte: Insights from first-principles calculations","authors":"Hou-Jen Lai,&nbsp;Santhanamoorthi Nachimuthu,&nbsp;Hao-Xiang Zheng,&nbsp;Jyh-Chiang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a crucial role in the development of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs). However, their susceptibility to hydrolysis under humid conditions, leading to the release of toxic H<sub>2</sub>S gas, severely limits practical applications. Elemental substitution has been widely used to enhance both the ionic conductivity and chemical stability of sulfide SSEs. Additionally, lithium vacancies have been shown to increase Li-ion conductivity, yet their effect on the moisture stability of sulfide SSEs remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the effect of Li-vacancies on the moisture stability of Li<sub>10</sub>SiP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>(LSiPS), a model sulfide SSE, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our findings reveal that Li vacancies on the Li<sub>10</sub>SiP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub> (v-LSiPS), surface significantly raise the energy barrier for H<sub>2</sub>S formation, indicating a considerable enhancement in moisture stability. Detailed bond length analyses and electron density difference (EDD) calculations demonstrate strengthened P-S bonds in the presence of Li vacancies, providing a mechanistic basis for improved stability. These insights offer valuable guidance for designing more robust sulfide-based SSEs suitable for real-world ASSLB applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable recycling and regeneration of redox flow battery components 氧化还原液流电池组件的可持续回收和再生
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100044
Yong Zuo , Wenxuan Fu , Puiki Leung , Tadele H. Wondimu , Mohd Rusllim Mohamed , Cristina Flox , A.A. Shah , Qian Xu , Qiang Liao
{"title":"Sustainable recycling and regeneration of redox flow battery components","authors":"Yong Zuo ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Fu ,&nbsp;Puiki Leung ,&nbsp;Tadele H. Wondimu ,&nbsp;Mohd Rusllim Mohamed ,&nbsp;Cristina Flox ,&nbsp;A.A. Shah ,&nbsp;Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Qiang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the demand for large-scale sustainable energy storage grows, redox flow batteries (RFBs), particularly all-vanadium RFBs (VRFBs), have emerged as a promising solution. This review explores recycling and regeneration strategies for key VRFB components, including vanadium electrolytes, ion-exchange membranes and carbon felt electrodes, to enhance their sustainability and economic viability. Vanadium electrolytes, which account for up to 30 % of system costs, can be effectively recovered through ion-exchange and chemical reduction processes, reducing dependence on primary vanadium production. Ion-exchange membranes, primarily Nafion®, are high-cost components. While recycling methods, such as chemical dissolution and recasting show promise, challenges remain in maintaining ionic selectivity and mechanical integrity. Carbon felt electrodes, which are essential for electrochemical performance, degrade over time due to fouling and oxidation and require regeneration through thermal, chemical or physical treatments. Despite the distinct challenges of recycling each component, their effective recovery is critical for reducing operational costs, extending system lifetimes and minimizing environmental impacts. This review highlights recent technological advancements, current limitations and the broader economic and environmental benefits of sustainable recycling strategies, emphasizing their crucial role in ensuring the long-term viability of VRFBs for grid-scale energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machine learning estimation of battery state of health in residential photovoltaic systems 住宅光伏系统中电池健康状态的机器学习估计
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100039
Joaquin Luque , Benedikt Schroeder , Alejandro Carrasco , Houman Heidarabadi , Carlos León , Holger Hesse
{"title":"Machine learning estimation of battery state of health in residential photovoltaic systems","authors":"Joaquin Luque ,&nbsp;Benedikt Schroeder ,&nbsp;Alejandro Carrasco ,&nbsp;Houman Heidarabadi ,&nbsp;Carlos León ,&nbsp;Holger Hesse","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global adoption of residential battery storage systems paired with local photovoltaic (PV) generation increases, prosumers are increasingly motivated to reduce both their electricity costs and dependence on the grid. This shift highlights the importance of accurately evaluating and predicting the battery's State of Health (SOH) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL). These factors are crucial for determining the operational costs and longevity of battery systems. Traditionally, SOH predictions have relied heavily on detailed measurement data and time-intensive simulations. In response, we introduce a new AI-based approach that simplifies SOH estimation. Our method, named \"ML Battery Life Predictor (MLBatLife),\" leverages forecasted or historical PV generation data and load consumption patterns to quickly forecast the SOH for various battery configurations. Tested on simulated data, this tool demonstrated a high accuracy, with a coefficient of determination of 0.986 for predictions one day ahead, and an impressively low average error of 0.1 % for projections five years into the future. This innovative AI-driven technique offers substantial benefits for evaluating the economic viability and warranty parameters of battery installations in different regions. It provides a valuable resource for both industry stakeholders and energy system planners aiming to assess and anticipate battery health outcomes efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Empowering tomorrow: Overview of revolution battery technology, charging paradigms and diagnostics 赋能未来:电池技术革命,充电模式和诊断概述
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100040
Ali Al Zyoud
{"title":"Empowering tomorrow: Overview of revolution battery technology, charging paradigms and diagnostics","authors":"Ali Al Zyoud","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of battery technology has been pivotal in addressing the growing energy demands of modern society. This paper explores the transition from traditional to modern charging techniques, emphasizing the improvements in charging technologies, diagnostics, and battery managing systems. It also examines the implications of these developments on electric vehicles, grid storage, and consumer electronics. The integration of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things in battery diagnostics and managing is concerned, alongside methods for refreshing and recovery. The paper finalizes with case studies illustrating these technological advancements' real-world impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conversion-type charge/discharge reaction observed with Fe2O3-modified reduced graphene oxide positive electrode for aluminum rechargeable batteries fe2o3修饰还原氧化石墨烯正极对铝电池转换型充放电反应的观察
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100030
Masanobu Chiku, Tomoki Fujisawa, Hiroshi Nagao, Eiji Higuchi, Hiroshi Inoue
{"title":"Conversion-type charge/discharge reaction observed with Fe2O3-modified reduced graphene oxide positive electrode for aluminum rechargeable batteries","authors":"Masanobu Chiku,&nbsp;Tomoki Fujisawa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nagao,&nbsp;Eiji Higuchi,&nbsp;Hiroshi Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum rechargeable batteries were prepared using commercially available iron oxide powder or reduced graphene oxide modified with iron oxide nanoparticles as positive electrode materials. The commercially available iron oxide powder was reversibly charged/discharged, but its capacity was very small, whitlow 15 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>. The charge/discharge mechanism was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, and it was found that iron oxide was reduced to iron metal during discharge, indicating a conversion-type reaction. This is the first time that a conversion-type positive electrode material for aluminum rechargeable batteries has been constructed using iron oxide. By utilizing a sulfone base electrolyte, we have fabricated the aluminum rechargeable batteries using a conversion reaction with copper chloride. A similar effect is expected for iron oxide. The use of reduced graphene oxide modified with iron oxide nanoparticles as a positive electrode resulted in a significant increase to 100 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> in charge/discharge capacity, and the capacity retention after 100 cycles was about 60 %, showing good cycle characteristics for a rechargeable battery as a conversion-type electrode material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-driven state of health and state of safety estimation for alternative battery chemistries — A comparative review focusing on sodium-ion and LFP lithium-ion batteries 替代电池化学成分的数据驱动的健康状态和安全状态评估——以钠离子和LFP锂离子电池为重点的比较综述
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100033
Erik Vanem , Shuai Wang
{"title":"Data-driven state of health and state of safety estimation for alternative battery chemistries — A comparative review focusing on sodium-ion and LFP lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Erik Vanem ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive survey on data-driven online estimation of state of health (SoH) for alternative battery chemistries for maritime applications, with a particular focus on LFP lithium-ion and sodium-ion types of batteries. In addition, the emerging concept of state of safety (SoS), a critical yet underexplored metric for maritime battery systems, is explored. Building on previous work on nickel–manganese–cobalt (NMC) lithium-ion batteries, this study evaluates the applicability of existing SoH estimation methodologies to alternative chemistries. The findings suggest that similar data-driven approaches, including empirical and semi-empirical methods, physics-based models, machine learning models, and hybrid approaches, can be employed across these chemistries. However, the methods require calibration, fine-tuning, and validation for each specific battery type. It is believed that SoS holds significant potential for maritime applications, provided it incorporates a relevant set of safety sub-functions with properly defined thresholds and warning criteria. Its integration into real-time monitoring systems appears feasible, given continuous measurement of relevant inputs. However, further research is recommended on how to best account for interdependencies between the various safety sub-function and correlations in the input data as well as how to account for the effect of degradation on SoS. Additionally, it seems reasonable to investigate whether some kind of memory could be incorporated in order to account for the experience of previous abusive conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent status of application of nanocarbon composite materials for electric energy storage and conversion: A mini review 纳米碳复合材料在电能存储与转换中的应用现状综述
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100028
Heri Rustamaji , Tirto Prakoso , Hary Devianto , Pramujo Widiatmoko , Pramahadi Febriyanto , Simparmin br Ginting , Darmansyah Darmansyah , Martinus Martinus
{"title":"Recent status of application of nanocarbon composite materials for electric energy storage and conversion: A mini review","authors":"Heri Rustamaji ,&nbsp;Tirto Prakoso ,&nbsp;Hary Devianto ,&nbsp;Pramujo Widiatmoko ,&nbsp;Pramahadi Febriyanto ,&nbsp;Simparmin br Ginting ,&nbsp;Darmansyah Darmansyah ,&nbsp;Martinus Martinus","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocarbon composites have emerged as a vanguard technology in energy conversion and storage, redefining the paradigms of battery, supercapacitor, and solar cell design. Researchers are orchestrating a paradigm shift in energy storage dynamics by leveraging the exceptional characteristics of materials such as graphite, fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The intrinsic attributes of nanocarbon, including superior electrical conductivity, mechanical resilience, and expansive surface areas, delineate them as pivotal constituents for augmenting the performance metrics of energy storage and conversion devices. In the domain of batteries, nanocarbon composites engender heightened energy density, accelerated charge/discharge kinetics, and prolonged cycle life. Concurrently, their integration into supercapacitors begets augmented energy and power densities, facilitating swift energy transference and storage. These composites' malleable and lightweight nature introduces a transformative dimension, enabling the fabrication of compact, pliable, and highly efficient energy storage apparatus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Balancing the grid: Assessing the benefits of aggregated residential batteries for frequency control and prosumers 平衡电网:评估聚合住宅电池对频率控制和生产消费者的好处
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100023
Alejandro Pena-Bello , Mokhtar Bozorg , Mario Paolone , Martin K. Patel , David Parra
{"title":"Balancing the grid: Assessing the benefits of aggregated residential batteries for frequency control and prosumers","authors":"Alejandro Pena-Bello ,&nbsp;Mokhtar Bozorg ,&nbsp;Mario Paolone ,&nbsp;Martin K. Patel ,&nbsp;David Parra","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The massive increase in stochastic renewable generation, expected in the context of the energy transition, poses challenges to the stability of the power grid. Battery energy storage can positively impact the penetration of distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems while positively impacting the whole grid’s hosting capacity in two different ways. First, it increases the amount of PV self-consumption and, therefore, increases the value of PV generation for prosumers. Second, batteries can provide ancillary services with particular value to frequency control. In this study, we analyze the techno-economic benefits and trade-offs for the prosumer and the grid associated with a pool of distributed storage systems, managed by an aggregator participating in the Swiss frequency control market. To this end, we apply a dispatch model to behind-the-meter batteries to quantify the added value of providing automatic and manual frequency restoration reserve (aFRR and mFRR) for prosumers. We find that the provision of aFRR and mFRR considerably increases the attractiveness of battery investments, in particular for large assets. However, the use of batteries for aFRR and mFRR brings along a reduction in total PV self-sufficiency, as well as a reduced battery lifetime, which should be taken into account by the prosumer at the moment of joining an aggregator, highlighting the duality between the prosumer’s self-sufficiency and financial revenue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A review of PCM based hybrid battery thermal management systems for the prismatic lithium-ion batteries of the electric vehicle 基于PCM的混合动力电池热管理系统的研究进展
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100035
Anchal Awasthi , Neelkanth Nirmalkar , Anurag Kumar Tiwari
{"title":"A review of PCM based hybrid battery thermal management systems for the prismatic lithium-ion batteries of the electric vehicle","authors":"Anchal Awasthi ,&nbsp;Neelkanth Nirmalkar ,&nbsp;Anurag Kumar Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercialization of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has increased rapidly in the past few decades. The battery thermal management system (BTMS) has emerged as an essential part of the EV to maintain the lithium-ion battery's (LIB) Temperature within an effective range. Various types of BTMS have been studied; however, hybrid BTMS utilizing PCM has shown superior performance. In this article, we provide a review of recent publications on the hybrid battery management system (BTMS) for battery modules that include prismatic LIBs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the design, operation, and performance of PCM-based hybrid BTMS designs for prismatic LIBs. For the hybrid BTMS for prismatic LIBs, the article has been divided into two primary design types: hybrid-liquid cooled (LC)-BTMS and hybrid-air cooled (AC)-BTMS. Discussions on the various hybrid BTMS designs have been provided. Most of the studies reported on hybrid BTMS designs utilized the numerical simulation analysis; therefore, details about the numerical simulation methodology and battery heat generation models have also been presented. Additionally, a brief contrast between the hybrid AC-BTMS and LC-BTMS systems has been provided. After analyzing and discussing the literature, conclusions, gaps in knowledge, and ideas for further studies have been identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High performance electrodes modified by TiCN for vanadium redox flow batteries 钒氧化还原液流电池用TiCN改性高性能电极
Future Batteries Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100032
Jinze Zhang , Haoyao Rao , Lyuming Pan , Kejun Yan , Jiayou Ren , Tianshou Zhao
{"title":"High performance electrodes modified by TiCN for vanadium redox flow batteries","authors":"Jinze Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoyao Rao ,&nbsp;Lyuming Pan ,&nbsp;Kejun Yan ,&nbsp;Jiayou Ren ,&nbsp;Tianshou Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fub.2025.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphite felts (GFs) are the main materials for electrodes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) due to their high stability, excellent conductivity and large surface area. However, the poor electrochemical activity of GFs constrains the performance of VRFBs. In this study, the titanium carbonitride (TiCN) nanoparticles are employed to modify the graphite felt electrodes of VRFBs to enhance the sluggish electrochemical kinetics of the V<sup>2+</sup>/V<sup>3+</sup> redox reactions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) results demonstrate that the oxidation peak shifts negatively by 0.0917 V when the electrode is modified with TiCN nanoparticles compared to carbon nanoparticle-modified GFs, indicating improved electrochemical kinetics. Furthermore, the full battery charge-discharge test reveals that the energy efficiency of the TiCN-modified GFs reaches 86.6 % at a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, surpassing the efficiencies of the carbon-modified GFs (81.4 %) and the pristine GFs (76.7 %). These results suggest that TiCN nanoparticles significantly enhance the electrochemical kinetics of the V<sup>2+</sup>/V<sup>3+</sup> redox reactions on GFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100560,"journal":{"name":"Future Batteries","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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