Forensic Science International Supplement Series最新文献_第2页

Psychoactive drugs in the road traffic in the legal and consultative aspects—Experience gained by the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice 道路交通中的精神药物在法律和协商方面——卡托维兹西里西亚医科大学法医系的经验

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.009

Joanna Kulikowska, Joanna Nowicka, Małgorzata Chowaniec, Małgorzata Albert, Rafał Celiński, Kornelia Droździok, Czesław Chowaniec

{"title":"Psychoactive drugs in the road traffic in the legal and consultative aspects—Experience gained by the Forensic Medicine Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice","authors":"Joanna Kulikowska, Joanna Nowicka, Małgorzata Chowaniec, Małgorzata Albert, Rafał Celiński, Kornelia Droździok, Czesław Chowaniec","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In the years 1997–2007 in the Forensic Medicine<span> Department, Silesian University of Medicine, Katowice a total of 785 blood samples collected from drivers being the perpetrators of road accidents was tested for the presence of psychoactive drugs.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The studies took advantage of FPIA (Abbott), ELISA (Neogen), LC–MS and </span>GC FID.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>21% of tested samples were positive. In the blood of the driver cannabinoids, </span>amphetamine<span><span><span> and its derivatives were most frequently found. Moreover, individual opium alkaloids, their combinations with barbiturates, benzodiazepines or amphetamine, benzodiazepine derivatives (isolated cases), </span>drugs of benzodiazepine group in combination with barbiturates, tramadol or tricyclic anti-depressants (isolated cases), </span>carbamazepine<span>, phenotiazine, cocaine, </span></span></span>dibenzepine, benzene, toluene and acetone were determined.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The obtained results showed cannabinoids and amphetamine derivatives to be the most frequent whereas opium alkaloids, barbiturates and benzodiazepines rather rare psychoactive drugs found in the tested blood samples of the drivers involved in the road accidents. The authors suggest screening psychoactive drugs not only in drivers involved in road accidents but also those put through the routine road check procedures. While giving opinions on the influence of the above mentioned drugs on the psychophysical efficiency of road traffic users, drugs and compounds which are not subject to legal control but have an effect on the human psychomotor efficiency and thus, enhance the risk of the road accident should be also taken into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 80-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88394074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Expert examination and assessment of state under the influence of psychoactive substances 精神活性物质影响下状态的专家检查和评估

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.001

J. Balažic, B. Štefanič, E. Kralj, B. Ermenc

引用次数: 0

Cardiac death 25 years after successful treatment for Hodgkin's disease—Case report 霍奇金氏病成功治疗25年后心脏死亡病例报告

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.004

J. Balažic , S. Frković-Grazio , B. Jereb

引用次数: 0

Medical driver selection and alcohol 医疗司机的选择和酒精

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.005

M. Bilban

{"title":"Medical driver selection and alcohol","authors":"M. Bilban","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the rapid development of motorisation in the past few decades, the epidemic of traffic injuries has become a serious problem. Numerous studies indicate that the human factor, often in connection with alcohol consumption, plays a major role in traffic accidents. Studies also show that people addicted to alcohol often drive under the influence and are not deterred by the possibility of punishment, e.g. a revocation of their driving licence.</p><p>Our study examined people who caused traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol in Slovenia, the consequences of their actions, police and judicial measures and medical selection.</p><p>In the last decade, the share of people causing traffic accidents under the influence of alcohol in Slovenia has been on the rise. Higher blood alcohol levels<span><span> are found in people causing fatal traffic accidents, most of them are cyclists, </span>pedestrians and tractor drivers, aged between 25 and 34; the accidents are most common on village roads, on weekends. The discrepancy between numbers of intoxicated drivers with suspended driving licences (approximately 8500/year) and between numbers of successfully terminated judicial procedures is particularly worrisome. When these drivers get their licences back, the medical selection process is inadequate.</span></p><p>Our results emphasise the problem of medical selection for reinstatement of penalized drivers. The inadequate approach currently in force allows too many dangerous drivers, most still addicted to alcohol, to return to traffic without medical selection. The only solution to this problem is an immediate change in legislation that would require rigorous medical selection for all reinstatements of drivers who drove under the influence of alcohol. This would decrease the numbers of intoxicated drivers in traffic and at least partly decrease the numbers of alcohol addicts in society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82361190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The mystery of shrinking heads 脑萎缩之谜

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.08.006

B. Reichenpfader , W. Buzina , P. Roll

引用次数: 5

Simulation of hit-and-run road accidents 交通肇事逃逸模拟

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.002

A. Thierauf, S. Pollak, M. Große Perdekamp

{"title":"Simulation of hit-and-run road accidents","authors":"A. Thierauf, S. Pollak, M. Große Perdekamp","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Criminal offences are simulated for manifold reasons and are often associated with the intentional self-infliction of injuries and unrealistic, typically dramatic descriptions of the alleged incident. In the two cases presented here, the injuries were caused accidentally and the motive of the subsequent simulation of a road accident was to divert from previous misconduct.</p></div><div><h3>Case 1</h3><p>A 33-year-old man was taken to a hospital by his girlfriend with fractures of the pelvis, the left distal lower leg and the metatarsus. According to the friend, the man had been struck and injured by a car as a pedestrian<span>. The driver did not stop after the accident. The physical examination revealed an extensive soft tissue lesion distal to the left inner ankle and on the back of the left foot as well as scratch-like skin lesions on the legs, but no injuries typical of the impact of a car. The external and internal findings were not consistent with the reported collision. Later, the girlfriend admitted that her statements regarding the incident were wrong. According to the police investigations, he sustained the injuries while fleeing after a burglary.</span></p></div><div><h3>Case 2</h3><p><span>An injured 29-year-old woman was found lying on the pavement in front of her house. In the hospital, she stated that she had almost been struck by a van as a pedestrian and had fallen to the ground. She was diagnosed with an open pilon fracture of the right tibia and a fracture of the end plate of the </span>first lumbar vertebra. In view of the findings, the forensic expert expressed doubts as to the alleged fall from a standing position. In an additional interrogation, she admitted that she had jumped from a window of her boyfriend's room on the first floor as she did not want that the fellow occupants got to know about her love affair. In order to cover up the real origin of the injuries, she invented the story of the near-accident and alleged hit-and-run offence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In both cases the medical findings were not in line with the findings to be expected from the described course of events. In the first case, the traffic accident was simulated to divert from an attempted burglary, in the second case the motive was to prevent the disclosure of an embarrassing love affair.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 3-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75564652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Influence of alcohol intoxication of pedestrians on injuries in fatal road accidents 行人酒精中毒对致命交通事故伤害的影响

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.001

T. Prijon , B. Ermenc

{"title":"Influence of alcohol intoxication of pedestrians on injuries in fatal road accidents","authors":"T. Prijon , B. Ermenc","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pedestrians belong to the group of road users with the highest mortality rate. The frequency of road accidents involving pedestrians is 2% but pedestrians represent as many as 13% of all road accident deaths. Because of the mechanism and dynamics of injury and the effects of alcohol on physical and mental performance, pedestrians under the influence of alcohol are classed among the road users most at risk.</p><p><span><span>Our retrospective study included 125 pedestrian fatalities treated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana between 1999 and 2006. We classified the victims into two groups by </span>blood alcohol level Group I (alcohol positive) and Group II (alcohol negative), defined differences in gender, age, incidence of injuries and established causes of death and period of survival following the road accident. In Group I (</span><em>n</em>  =h following the accident in 92% of cases in Group I and in 69% of cases in Group II.</p><p>Alcohol-positive pedestrians are predominantly younger men, who have a higher level of risk of a road accident, greater incidence of injuries and a shorter period of survival following a road accident.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 33-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75994479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Proceedings of the 17th International Meeting on Forensic Medicine 第17届国际法医学会议论文集

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.11.001

Jože Balažic

引用次数: 0

The modern trends in alcohol, drugs and driving research 酒精、毒品和驾驶研究的现代趋势

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.004

Elke Raes , Kristof Pil , Alain G. Verstraete

{"title":"The modern trends in alcohol, drugs and driving research","authors":"Elke Raes , Kristof Pil , Alain G. Verstraete","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on alcohol, drugs<span> and driving can be broadly separated into experimental and epidemiological studies. Every approach has its inherent advantages and disadvantages. Experimental studies can result in an interpretation by single cause, but can only identify potential risks, and the results can sometimes be of limited value because of the use of non-realistic doses or because of the drug use history or inter-individual differences of the volunteers. Recent studies have used higher, more realistic doses and paid more attention to the combination of alcohol and drugs and have shown that the chronic use of illicit drugs<span> can be associated with some cognitive and/or psychomotor impairment, and can lead to a decrease in driving performance even when the subject is no longer intoxicated.</span></span></p><p>Epidemiological studies include roadside surveys, studies in a subset of drivers, accident risk studies, responsibility analyses, surveys and pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Between studies, results may be incomparable due to testing different populations, different kinds of samples, etc. More large-scale roadside studies are conducted now.</p><p>Advances in analytical toxicology have also contributed to a better understanding of the risks associated with driving under the influence. While older studies measured the inactive metabolite THC-COOH and did not show an increased risk in cannabis-positive drivers, more recent studies measured the active THC in blood and did show a concentration dependent increase in crash risk. The use of LC–MS/MS has allowed more broad-range screening as this technique can measure many different drugs in a small sample volume. While some older studies used saliva but had many analytical problems (including an insufficient sample volume in up to a third of the cases), newer methods of saliva sampling and analysis give better results. The use of saliva for roadside surveys allows non-invasive sampling, but the lack of correlation with the concentrations in blood makes interpretation of results difficult.</p><p>The results of both epidemiological and experimental studies should be combined to obtain a good estimate of the impact of certain drugs on driving performance and accident risk. In 2006–07 a committee of international experts drafted guidelines for future research into drugs and driving. These have been taken on board by the DRUID project, a large-scale EU funded project on driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol and medicines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75251215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Identification and analyses of female civilian victims of the 1991 war in Croatia from the Glina and Petrinja areas 1991年克罗地亚战争中来自格利纳和佩特里尼亚地区的女性平民受害者的鉴定和分析

Forensic Science International Supplement Series Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.006

M. Slaus , D. Strinovic , V. Petrovecki , D. Mayer , V. Vyroubal , Z. Bedic

{"title":"Identification and analyses of female civilian victims of the 1991 war in Croatia from the Glina and Petrinja areas","authors":"M. Slaus , D. Strinovic , V. Petrovecki , D. Mayer , V. Vyroubal , Z. Bedic","doi":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The process of recovering and identifying human remains from individual and mass graves has proven to be the most effective method of resolving the fate of missing individuals in the former Yugoslavia. These efforts have two primary objectives: medicolegal—to identify the cause of death, and humanitarian—to bring closure to living family members, thus supporting the human rights of both the living and the deceased. From 1996 to the present, the remains of 388 individuals killed during the 1991 War in Croatia were recovered from the Glina and Petrinja areas (Sisačko–Moslovačka County). The purpose of this paper is to report on the demographic and taphonomic characteristics of the recovered remains, and identify factors responsible for the discrepancy in the identification ratios.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To identify factors potentially responsible for the noted discrepancy, data were collected on the taphonomic characteristics of the recovered remains, the types of burials, as well as the factors responsible for positive identification. These factors included: forensic DNA testing, dental criteria, special signs (healed fractures, etc.), clothing and personal artifacts.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The age distributions between males and females in the sample are significantly different. The mean age-at-death for males is 51.6 years, for females 67.0 years. In both sexes the majority of identifications (62.9% in females and 45.9% in males) were established through a combination of biological and non-biological features. In terms of the types of graves from which the bodies were recovered, positive identification in both sexes was lowest in mass graves (61.2% for males, and 84.2% for females). Females from mass graves were, however, better preserved than males—36.6% of males recovered from mass graves were completely skeletonized, while the same was true for only 19.3% of females (<em>χ</em><sup>2</sup>  <0.029). Completely skeletonized remains were identified in only 65.1% of cases, while partially skeletonized and saponified bodies were identified in 80.1% of cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Since positive identification in both sexes is strongly correlated with preservation of the bodies, the reason why female identification frequencies in the Glina and Petrinja regions are higher than male frequencies lies in the fact that females recovered from mass graves were better preserved than males recovered from mass graves. Identification of the factors responsible for this is a challenge that needs to be resolved in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100550,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Science International Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.fsisup.2009.09.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87924715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4