Forage & Grazinglands最新文献_第6页

Using Companion Legumes in Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue Pastures in the Southeastern USA Coastal Plain 在美国东南部沿海平原夏季休眠的高羊茅牧场中使用伴生豆科植物

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-12-23 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1223-03-RS

Jane A. Parish, Jimmy Ray Parish

{"title":"Using Companion Legumes in Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue Pastures in the Southeastern USA Coastal Plain","authors":"Jane A. Parish, Jimmy Ray Parish","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1223-03-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1223-03-RS","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the productivity and reseeding of various temperate legume species under grazing simulation and identified potential companion legumes for summer-dormant tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] in the southeastern USA coastal plain. Legumes were seeded in 1.8 × 5.0-m plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The vetches (Vicia spp.), rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and caley pea (Lathyrushirsutus L.) had the greatest seedling density (P < 0.05) 120 days after establishment. Post-grazing regrowth was superior (P < 0.05) in the annual clover species as compared to the annual medics (Medicago spp.) and sweet clovers (Melilotus alba Desr.). Only ball clover (Trifolium nigrescens Viv.), crimson clover, ‘AK996’ subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), and ‘Durana’ white clover (Trifolium repens L.) had stands greater than 50% in the second year. Tall fescue yield was greatest (P < 0.05) when interseeded with white clover in the second year. Annual medics, sweet clovers, and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were poorly adapted to this environment. Ball, crimson, rose, and arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) were the most productive and persistent legumes in this study.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92306924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interseeding Teff Into Tall Fescue Swards to Improve Late Summer Forage Production 高羊茅间种苔麸提高夏末牧草产量

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1128-01-RS

William M. Clapham, James M. Fedders, Ozzie Abaye

{"title":"Interseeding Teff Into Tall Fescue Swards to Improve Late Summer Forage Production","authors":"William M. Clapham, James M. Fedders, Ozzie Abaye","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1128-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1128-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub] is a widely used and important cool-season forage grass in the eastern United States. Reduced forage production during hot, dry, mid- to late-summer periods and animal toxicities associated with the presence of a fungal-endophtye limit the utility of tall fescue for some producers. We investigated interseeding teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], a warm-season annual grass, into established fescue stands as a means to improve summer forage production and potentially reduce fescue toxicities. Teff established rapidly regardless of seeding method (broadcast or no-till) or seed-coating treatment (with or without a commercial polymer coating), but its abundance varied from year to year. Teff contribution to the swards was twice as great in the warmer season of 2010 (40%) than in the cooler seasons of 2008 and 2009. Significant contributions from teff were associated with greater dry matter yields, lower protein, and higher fiber contents relative to the non-interseeded control plots. Reduced forage quality may be related to rapid reproductive development of teff when other species were vegetative and the high fiber content of warm-season species. Overseeding teff may benefit producers by reducing relative fescue content and increasing dry matter production of fescue-dominated swards during hot summer periods.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92377655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus Levels on a Grazing Farm in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed 切萨皮克湾流域放牧农场土壤测试磷水平的变化

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-11-28 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1128-02-RS

Matt A. Sanderson, Jeffery Gonet, Robert C. Stout

{"title":"Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus Levels on a Grazing Farm in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","authors":"Matt A. Sanderson, Jeffery Gonet, Robert C. Stout","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1128-02-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1128-02-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Improved nutrient cycling and reduced soil nutrient accumulation are perceived benefits of management-intensive grazing. Some management-intensive practices, such as increased stocking rates, rapid rotations, and supplemental feeding, could affect the soil through nutrient additions and the concentration of grazing animals. In this case study of a beef cattle farm in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, we compared changes in soil test P levels resulting from a land use change (row crops and hay in the 1980s to management-intensive grazing from 1990 to 2010). Soil test P data from farm records maintained since 1980 were augmented with spatially explicit soil sampling in 1999, 2004, and 2010. Pastures on fields that had historically received manure and were used for corn silage production changed the most in soil test P (median of 132 mg/kg P in 1980 to 70 mg/kg in 2010). Median soil test P in fields used for corn grain production in the 1980s decreased by 30%, fields used for hay production decreased by 26%, and permanent pastures decreased by 17%. The decreases in soil test P may have resulted from less inorganic P imported for use on corn, redistribution of P around the farm, and fixation of P in the soil.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92312150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forage Yield, Nutritive Value, and Elemental Composition of Ten Native Prairie Plant Species 牧草产量、营养价值和十种草原原生植物的元素组成

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-11-03 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1103-01-RS

Catherine L. Bonin, Benjamin F. Tracy

{"title":"Forage Yield, Nutritive Value, and Elemental Composition of Ten Native Prairie Plant Species","authors":"Catherine L. Bonin, Benjamin F. Tracy","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1103-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1103-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Native prairie plants have the potential to provide nutritious summer forage in grazing systems. Ten native prairie species (five perennial grasses, three legumes, and two forbs) were grown for three years and harvested annually in August to measure the herbage mass, nutritive value, and elemental composition of each species. Black-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.) yielded the most biomass in 2008 (2.9 tons/acre), but by 2010 native, warm-season grasses and oxeye sunflower [Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet] were the highest yielding (3.8 tons/acre). While neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations of some prairie grasses exceeded 65%, potentially limiting available energy, crude protein levels in all ten species were high enough to maintain nonlactating cows. Concentrations of eleven elements were also adequate for nonlactating cows, with only sodium levels below minimum livestock requirements. Yield, nutritive value, and nutrient analyses suggest that many native prairie plants with minimal management can provide a high quantity of forage with reasonable quality during peak summer months when an abundance of cool-season forage may be lacking.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2011-1103-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92334405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Nutritive Value of Six Warm-Season Perennial Grasses in Response to Irrigation Level 6种暖季多年生牧草产量、水分利用效率和营养价值对灌溉水平的响应

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-10-21 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1021-01-RS

Emalee K. Buttrey, Brent W. Bean

{"title":"Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Nutritive Value of Six Warm-Season Perennial Grasses in Response to Irrigation Level","authors":"Emalee K. Buttrey, Brent W. Bean","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1021-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1021-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"The decline of the Ogallala Aquifer coupled with the number of irrigated acres in the Texas Panhandle has raised concerns about the future of sustained irrigation in the region. This three-year study determined yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nutritive value of six warm-season perennial grasses produced under dryland, limited, and full irrigation conditions. The six grass species in the study were Texoka buffalograss, Haskell sideoats grama, WW Spar old world bluestem, Blackwell switchgrass, Hatchita blue grama, and Wrangler bermudagrass. Dry matter (DM) yield ranged from a high of 8.4 ton/acre with old world bluestem under full irrigation to a low of 1.9 ton/acre with buffalograss under dryland production. Highest WUE was achieved with old world bluestem averaging 790 lb/acre-inch, regardless of irrigation level. The largest increases in WUE were observed in buffalograss and bermudagrass from dryland to limited irrigation, increasing 67 and 33%, respectively. Crude protein (CP) content was high throughout the study, regardless of irrigation level or grass species. Switchgrass was the most digestible (76.9% in vitro true digestibility, IVTD) followed by old world bluestem, while bermudagrass and sideoats grama were the least digestible. In this study, old world bluestem proved to be the best overall grass when considering DM yield, WUE, and forage quality.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2011-1021-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92305374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Agronomic Performance, Plant Morphology, and Nutritive Value Among Three Prairie Bromegrass Entries 三种草原雀稗的农艺性能、植物形态和营养价值

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-10-19 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1019-01-RS

Allen S. Hubbard, Jane A. Parish, Bisoondat Macoon, Rhonda C. Vann, Jimmy Ray Parish

{"title":"Agronomic Performance, Plant Morphology, and Nutritive Value Among Three Prairie Bromegrass Entries","authors":"Allen S. Hubbard, Jane A. Parish, Bisoondat Macoon, Rhonda C. Vann, Jimmy Ray Parish","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1019-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1019-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Prairie bromegrass (Bromus spp.) is a cool-season perennial bunchgrass with potential as a valuable forage crop in the southeastern USA. This 2-year study, conducted at Mississippi State, MS, compared dry matter production, persistence, plant morphology, and nutritive value of two experimental lines [BP101 (B. parodii Covas & Itria) and BW103 (B. wildenowii Kunth)] and a commercial entry (B. willdenowii Kunth cv. Matua) of prairie bromegrass. No differences in nutritive value (mean crude protein = 128, ADF = 318, NDF = 591, in vitro dry matter digestibility = 644 g/kg, respectively) were seen among entries (P = 0.11). The BP101 line had the least herbage mass (3,790 vs. 6,180 and 5,627 kg/ha, respectively, for Matua and BW103) at the first grazing event in 2006 (P < 0.05), and did not persist as well as BW103 or Matua (P < 0.01) (27.5, 80.0, and 83.8% stand 586 days after establishment for BP101, Matua, and BW103, respectively). Leaf blade, sheath, and reproductive tiller length differences (P < 0.10) suggest variations in physiological traits among bromegrass entries. Neither of the experimental lines of prairie bromegrass outperformed Matua for the traits studied in northern Mississippi.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92374281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ergovaline and Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations Change in Conserved Tall Fescue 保存高羊茅中麦角缬氨酸和麦角生物碱浓度的变化

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-10-13 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1013-01-RS

Craig A. Roberts, Robert L. Kallenbach, George E. Rottinghaus, Nicholas S. Hill

引用次数: 7

Morphological Development Affects the Prussic Acid Potential of ‘Rumsey’ Indiangrass 形态发育对‘拉姆齐’印度草的普鲁士酸电位的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-10-04 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1004-01-BR

Ben M. Goff, Kenneth J. Moore, Naroon Waramit, Steven L. Fales

引用次数: 1

Characterization of Historical Precipitation Data in Relation to Production Risk of Fall-stockpiled Tall Fescue 历史降水资料与秋储高羊茅生产风险关系的表征

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-10-03 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-1003-01-RS

William M. Clapham, James M. Fedders, Chris D. Teutsch, W. Mac Tilson

{"title":"Characterization of Historical Precipitation Data in Relation to Production Risk of Fall-stockpiled Tall Fescue","authors":"William M. Clapham, James M. Fedders, Chris D. Teutsch, W. Mac Tilson","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-1003-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-1003-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Weather data collected during field experiments are not often compared to long-term weather records in meaningful ways. We examine the results of a study of N application on yield of fall-stockpiled tall fescue in relation to concomitant and historical late-season precipitation in the Southern Piedmont Region of Virginia. Previous analysis indicated that splitting applications of 40 or 80 lb N/acre increased the probability of achieving designated yield goals. However, yields were also affected by precipitation during the stockpiling period. Monthly precipitation during the study was compared to the 58-year historical record via percentile distributions, principal component analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. Total precipitation during the August through November period of the seven-year study averaged 4 inches above the long-term mean. Yields increased with N rate as expected. A dry matter production model that incorporated concomitant and historical precipitation records with field data appears more suitable to assess yield risk than a model based on field data alone. Experimental results should be interpreted with regard to the weather conditions during the experimental period. Management recommendations that consider results in the context of historical weather records provide a more robust interpretation of the data and more accurate estimates of risk.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92376949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harvest Frequency Effects on Yield, Persistence, and Regrowth Rate Among New Alfalfa Cultivars 收获频次对苜蓿新品种产量、持久性和再生率的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2011-09-26 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2011-0926-01-RS

T. Adam Probst, S. Ray Smith

{"title":"Harvest Frequency Effects on Yield, Persistence, and Regrowth Rate Among New Alfalfa Cultivars","authors":"T. Adam Probst, S. Ray Smith","doi":"10.1094/FG-2011-0926-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2011-0926-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is among the most important forage crops in the United States and consistently produces high yields and quality, with harvest frequency being one of the most significant factors affecting yield, quality, and persistence. The objective of this research was to determine forage yield, quality, persistence, and regrowth rate among new alfalfa cultivars under four different harvest frequencies for three growing seasons in Kentucky. Five cultivars were placed under harvest frequencies of 25, 30, 35, and 40 days in a split-plot design. The alfalfa cultivars were selected to represent a broad range of plant traits including rapid regrowth, lodging resistance, hybridization, fall dormancy, quality yield, and multi-pest resistance. Few differences were found between cultivars in yield, but the 25-day harvest frequency was among the lowest yielding, and also had the highest plant mortality. Harvest frequency also had a greater effect on regrowth rate than cultivar selection. These results confirmed that a 35-day harvest frequency is optimal for forage yield and stand persistence for most alfalfa cultivars tested in this study.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2011-0926-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92371307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7