Eye & ENT Research最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of eosinophil populations in a murine model of type 2 airway inflammation via flow cytometry","authors":"Huiqing Wang,&nbsp;Qidi Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Rongqing Zhang,&nbsp;Bing Yan","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to optimize experimental conditions to obtain a larger quantity of eosinophils from the type 2 inflammation mouse model, which will serve as a basis for further investigation into the role and mechanisms of eosinophils in type 2 inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used a mouse model of type 2 inflammation and isolated potential eosinophil-resident tissues (bone marrow, spleen, and nasal mucosa) for flow cytometry analysis. By combining forward scatter, side scatter, and the cell population identified as CD45⁺ (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C) CD11b⁺ (integrin alpha-M) Ly6G⁻ (lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G) Siglec-F⁺ (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F), we characterized eosinophils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that the number and proportion of eosinophils in bone marrow were numerically higher compared to the spleen and nasal mucosa. Further exploration of conditions may provide guarantees for the later development of mechanism research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide clues for further optimizing experimental conditions to obtain sufficient eosinophils from bone marrow for mechanistic studies. They also offer a potential framework for exploring phenotypic heterogeneity and functional studies of eosinophils in various tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variant distribution and characterization of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in Chinese patients","authors":"Yali Zhao,&nbsp;Xiangdong Wang,&nbsp;Yuhui Ouyang,&nbsp;Lin Xi,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder with variable manifestations, including recurrent epistaxis, telangiectasias, arteriovenous malformations, and family history. It is caused by heterozygous null alleles of <i>ENG</i>, <i>ACVRL1</i>, <i>SMAD4</i>, or <i>BMP9</i>, with delayed clinical diagnosis. Genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyze the variant distribution of HHT-related genes, expand variant databases for Chinese patients, and explore phenotype-genotype associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two individuals from 20 unrelated families were recruited. Coding regions of <i>ENG</i>, <i>ACVRL1</i>, <i>SMAD4</i>, and <i>BMP9</i> were sequenced. Variants were identified by sequence alignment. Epistaxis severity was evaluated using the epistaxis severity score (ESS), and the ESS differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen unique variants were identified in 17 unrelated HHT families (17/20, 85%), including 5 novel variants (3 in <i>ENG</i> and 2 in <i>ACVRL1</i>). Eleven <i>ACVRL1</i> variants were identified in 12 families (12/17, 70.6%). Six variants of <i>ENG</i> were detected in 5 families (5/17, 29.4%), and one patient had two variants. <i>ACVRL1</i> variants were 2.4 times more prevalent than <i>ENG</i> variants, with 41.7% of <i>ACVRL1</i> variants in exon 10. A recurrent variant, c.1435C&gt;T, was identified in two families. Epistaxis severity increased with age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>ACVRL1</i> variants were more common than <i>ENG</i> variants in Chinese HHT families, with exon 10 identified as a potential hotspot. These findings enhance understanding of HHT genetics and guide targeted genetic testing in China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in auditory mismatch negativity and global functional connectivity caused by interaural time differences","authors":"Songjian Wang,&nbsp;Chunlin Li,&nbsp;Mengyue Wang,&nbsp;Meng Lin,&nbsp;Si Qian,&nbsp;Jiong Hu,&nbsp;Esther Pugh,&nbsp;Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our ability to localize low-frequency sounds relies on interaural time differences (ITD), a sensitivity that is fundamental to our ability to pinpoint sound sources in azimuth and segregate competing sound sources across a wide range of situations. However, the neural representation of ITD has not been well characterized. This study aimed to elucidate distinctions in evoked cortical potentials and global functional connectivity during the unattended processing of sound localization on the horizontal plane, by recording and analyzing the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in adults, employing a deviant-standard oddball paradigm. A centrally-positioned sound source at the midline of the horizontal plane (ITD = 0 μs) served as the standard stimulus, while lateralized sounds with varying ITDs constituted the deviants. Results of MMN characteristics and the distribution of theta band power revealed a contralateral regulation mechanism of sound localization. To delve deeper into functional connectivity dynamics among different deviant stimulus groups, we computed the phase lag index within the theta band. Augmented functional connectivity was found between frontal electrode pairs when sound stimuli were directed towards the central compared to peripheral locations. In addition, assessments of global efficiency demonstrated that the peripheral sound stimuli revealed a higher global efficiency for peripheral sound stimuli. These observations suggest that smaller deviation from the center angle engages enhanced top-down attentional modulation to salient features. In summary, our results reinforced the contralateral regulatory mechanism governing sound source localization and illuminated the unique characteristics of theta band neural responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"32-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of macrophages in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","authors":"Yuling Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyi Li,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Feng Lan","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by dysbiosis of nasal microbiota and dysregulation of the immune system. Macrophages are essential for protecting against infections, but their roles and mechanisms in CRSwNP are not fully understood. To date, we gradually recognize the heterogeneity of macrophages, and new subsets of macrophages have been identified at transcriptional level due to the development of single cell RNA-sequencing. In this review, we summarize the generation, polarization, phenotype identification, and function of macrophages in CRSwNP, providing a comprehensive understanding of macrophages in CRSwNP. Additionally, we also explore how macrophages interact with other cells, including epithelial cells, immune cells, and neurons, which can worsen inflammation. A better understanding of the role of macrophages could improve their ability to clear bacteria and reduce chronic inflammation in CRSwNP, which might be clinically beneficial for CRSwNP patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing loss and pathological changes of cochlea in a mouse model carrying compound heterozygous variants in the Gjb2 non-coding region","authors":"Xinyu Shi,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Liu,&nbsp;Zhengdong Zhao,&nbsp;Yanjun Zong,&nbsp;Weijia Kong,&nbsp;Yu Sun","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>GJB2</i> gene variants are the most important cause of sensorineural hearing loss. A large number of clinical studies have focused on coding region variants, and a significant proportion of patients with single coding region variants have unexplained clinical phenotypes. Current animal models consist mainly of conditional knockout mice and a small number of the mouse models with point variants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the underlying deafness-inducing mechanisms in the mouse models with a point variant and compound heterozygous variants in non-coding region of the <i>Gjb2</i> gene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CRISPR-Cas9 technology was utilized to develop the mouse models carrying <i>Gjb2</i> c.IVS1+1G&gt;A variant. The <i>Gjb2</i>^{IVS1+1G&gt;A/WT} mice were crossed with Cx26 conditional knockout mice (<i>Gjb2</i>^loxP/loxP; Rosa26^CreER) to obtain the <i>Gjb2</i>^{IVS1+1G&gt;A/−} mice. Genotyping and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the mouse models. The change in hearing thresholds was detected by auditory brainstem response (ABR). Hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) were quantitatively estimated by using whole-mount cochlear preparations. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to observe the morphology of Cx26 gap junction plaques (GJPs) among cochlear supporting cells and monitor the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A glucose analog was injected to assess the glucose-uptake capacity of outer hair cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the observation period, <i>Gjb2</i>^{IVS1+1G&gt;A/−} mice showed late-onset hearing loss. At postnatal day 20 (P20), the <i>Gjb2</i>^{IVS1+1G&gt;A/−} mice did not show significant loss of hair cells and SGNs. The Cx26 GJPs showed fragmentation. The ability of the outer hair cells to uptake glucose decreased, and the accumulation of ROS in the cochlea increased.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We speculated that fragmented GJPs leading to impaired materials supply and oxidative stress accumulation may contribute to hearing loss. Our study confirmed the pathogenicity of c.IVS1+1G&gt;A variant and laid the foundation for explaining the clinical phenotype of patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encephalopathy with acute fulminant mucormycosis caused by skin fungal infection","authors":"Yifan Meng,&nbsp;Kuiji Wang","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70004","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is characterized by invasion of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, which also has a high potential of infiltrating palate, orbital, and intracranial [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Finally, this disease might cause vasculitis with thrombosis, tissue infarction, and central nervous system involvement. In this case report, we present a AIFR patient from the time who was admitted, she was given emergency treatment for several days, but eventually died of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 49-year-old lady, who had suffered from diabetes mellitus for 5 years, was referred to the dentistry emergency department complaining of high fever with toothache and pain from swelling in the left side of the face for 3 days without impairment of consciousness. The doctor highly suspected invasive fungal sinusitis and immediately consulted the otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinology, immunology neurology and dermatologist considering the patient's condition. The relevant departments recommended that pathological examinations and imaging examinations be completed as soon as possible, while paying attention to the patient's vital signs and general condition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Physical examination showed that the left eyelid and the left cheek were swollen, and there were 3 rashes on the back skin, each about 5 cm × 5 cm in size (Figure 1). Laboratory tests showed neutrophilic, leukocytosis and blood glucose concentration of 24.44 mmol/L. Sinus CT indicated left maxillary sinusitis. Insulin and ceftriaxone sodium were administered. However, the patient began to suffer from gradual impairment of consciousness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Immediately, we administered systemic antifungal treatment (amphotericin B) and local antifungal irrigation, and waited for the pathological culture results to adjust the subsequent medication plan according to the strain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Twenty-four hours later, the skin from the left inner iliac along the nose began to turn dark purple in color, with a relatively low temperature (Figure 2). A fungal infection was suspected as the cause of this condition, and thus biopsies samples were taken from the nasal mucosa in the left nostril. Staining of sections showed hypha mucor invading blood vessels (Figure 3). A check of the patient's recent history indicated that the patient had been suffering from rashes on the back skin for several months, and that this was continuously neglected. A subsequent biopsy from the skin patch also showed hypha mucor (&lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt;), and MRI showed a massive cerebral infarction throughout the left hemisphere (Figure 4). The above departments continued to work hard to rescue the patient for several days. After 4-days of treatment, the patient developed MODs and passed away.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To date, several fungal species have been identified in patients with AIFRS, in which most frequently belonging to &lt;i&gt;Aspergillus&lt;/i&gt; [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Normally, AIFR is a kind of life-threatening disease a","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between vaccination and uveitis: A comprehensive review of immune response, risk assessment, and clinical implications","authors":"Yihan Zhang,&nbsp;Tianyu Tao,&nbsp;Zhaohuai Li,&nbsp;He Li,&nbsp;Qi Jiang,&nbsp;Lei Zhu,&nbsp;Wenru Su","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uveitis, an intraocular inflammatory condition, can lead to significant visual impairment and is often associated with abnormal immune system activation. While vaccination stands as a pivotal defense against numerous infectious diseases, its safety and effectiveness in individuals with uveitis have come under heightened scrutiny. This concern arises from the potential impact of both the disease itself and immunosuppressive treatments on immune function. Several studies have drawn connections between various vaccines and the onset of uveitis, particularly hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, and influenza vaccines. Furthermore, though exceedingly rare, instances of intraocular inflammatory following COVID-19 vaccination have been documented, adding another layer of complexity. This review delves into the intricate relationship between vaccination and uveitis, assesses the vaccination risks for those afflicted, and explores the underlying mechanisms behind vaccine-induced uveitis. Finally, it offers recommendations for vaccination in uveitis patients and emphasizes the imperative for further investigation to unravel the complex dynamics between vaccines and uveitis, ultimately informing clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of yes-associated protein in nasal inflammatory diseases","authors":"Bing Zhong,&nbsp;Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/eer3.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yes-associated protein (YAP), a pivotal protein of the Hippo signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Emerging evidence highlights its significance in respiratory inflammatory disorders, including chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis. This review delves into the impact of YAP on individuals affected by these ailments, with a specific focus on the role it plays in nasal mucosal epithelial cells. We further explore the interplay between YAP and the inflammatory mediators, outlining the pathological mechanisms through which it contributes to tissue restructuring in these contexts. Despite advancements, gaps persist in understanding YAP's broader role in clinical applications. Future research directions are proposed in this article to bridge these knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cataract blindness related falls among older adults: A prospective cohort study in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Kyei,&nbsp;Regina Adoma Antwi,&nbsp;Madison Adanusa,&nbsp;Michael Agyemang Kwarteng,&nbsp;Randy Asiamah,&nbsp;Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah","doi":"10.1002/eer3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.23","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, can significantly impair visual function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association between cataract-related falls among the elderly population in the Central region of Ghana.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prospective cohort study among cataract patients aged 65 years and older, using purposive sampling to select facilities and consecutive sampling to recruit participants. </p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study achieved a 40% successful follow-up rate at 3 months post-surgery. Among the 500 older adult patients, 131 (26.2%) reported falls before undergoing cataract surgery. Of the 200 patients who had 24.0% falls pre-operatively, the prevalence of falls 3 months after surgical intervention was 16%. Demographics were not significantly associated with the risk of falling before cataract surgery (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, participants with chronic conditions were 2.18 times more likely to fall than those without chronic conditions. Patients with hypertension (2.23 times) and diabetes (2.49 times) had higher risk of fall compared to those without these conditions. Additionally, patients with retinal conditions (2.86 times), and those with balance problems (1.86 times) were more prone to falling before surgical intervention than their counterparts without.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the significant impact of cataract surgery in reducing fall prevalence among older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the educational accessibility of sinonasal and skull base anatomy: A novel virtual tool for otolaryngology trainees","authors":"Anirudh Saraswathula,&nbsp;Emily Y. Huang,&nbsp;Shirley Li,&nbsp;Juan R. Garcia,&nbsp;Nicholas R. Rowan","doi":"10.1002/eer3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.22","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base, is difficult but essential for otolaryngology trainees, especially for endoscopic techniques. There is no effective teaching tool at the junior resident or medical student level allowing visualization and manipulation of these structures in 3D.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To create an interactive 3D app modeling the sinus and skull base for use by junior trainees learning surgical anatomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using Adobe Photoshop, Cinema 4D, and ZBrush, surgeon and medical illustration teams collaborated to develop a tool combining schematic representation of relevant anatomy with radiologic and endoscopic correlates. This was then incorporated into a web application. Twenty-one junior residents and medical students were recruited to use the app, and pre-and post-app self-assessments and experience surveys were conducted to assess didactic efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We created an online-compatible fully manipulatable schematic 3D representation of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and anterior skull base that is capable of anatomic layering. This schematic is presented alongside representative de-identified radiologic images and surgical principles with corresponding highlighted diagrammatic structures to demonstrate clinically relevant radiologic and endoscopic anatomy. There was a statistically significant improvement in anatomical knowledge in all 13 questions assessing didactic efficacy, with 85.7% of participants providing overall positive feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acknowledging the didactic utility in an early validation study with junior trainees, this sinus anatomy teaching tool offers a low-cost and highly accessible modality capable of demonstrating complex anatomical relationships to trainees learning sinus and endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}