Eye & ENT Research最新文献

{"title":"Gene therapy: New and future treatments for uveitis","authors":"Hui Yang,&nbsp;Meng Tian,&nbsp;Shengping Hou","doi":"10.1002/eer3.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uveitis, characterized by intraocular inflammation, has significant management challenges due to its diverse etiologies and complicated pathophysiology. The current first-line treatments primarily aim to calm inflammation with the underlying causes unaffected, often associated with systemic side effects, limited long-term efficacy, and disease recurrence. Gene therapies, as powerful therapeutic approaches, have been applied to treat various genetic and non-genetic diseases. However, the development of gene therapy for uveitis has been investigated less. This review discusses the possible targets and therapeutic approaches for uveitis gene therapy by analyzing some research examples in exogenous gene expression, RNAi, antisense therapy, and the CRISPR gene editing system. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of listed gene therapies for uveitis and propose future research directions and potential strategies to overcome current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the potential mechanism of Tongqiao–Biyan granule in treatment of allergic rhinitis","authors":"Zheying Song,&nbsp;Yujuan Yang,&nbsp;Zhaoxue Zhai,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Xicheng Song","doi":"10.1002/eer3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.20","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a pervasive global health problem, imposing a major economic burden and causing disability worldwide. Tongqiao–Biyan granule (TBG) has gained popularity in China for the treatment of AR. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying TBG's efficacy in treating AR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacological database was utilized to identify the main ingredients in TBG and their corresponding target genes. AR-related target genes were identified using the GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. The Gene Ontology (GO) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and target protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were employed to analyze the molecular mechanisms. The top five hub genes were selected for molecular docking with the top five ranked compounds to confirm their interaction in TBG when used in the treatment of AR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 7 active ingredients from TBG, 784 predicted targets of TBG, and 945 AR targets were obtained. Analysis via the GO and KEGG databases revealed that TBG can act on AR by modulating inflammatory responses and promoting cell migration. PPI network analysis and molecular docking results suggested that phellopterin, quercetin, luteolin, denudatin B, and cleomiscosin A in TBG may alleviate the AR symptoms by interacting with key proteins such as TNF, AKT1, STAT3, VEGFA, and EGFR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TBG modulates numerous targets across diverse signaling pathways in the AR therapy. Our results furnish a theoretical foundation for further exploring TBG's pharmacological mechanism in AR treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"110-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.20","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of ocular aberration and convergence excess after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis with vision therapy","authors":"Prithwis Manna,&nbsp;Sourav Karmakar,&nbsp;Animesh Mondal,&nbsp;Puja Sarbajna,&nbsp;Rikta Paul,&nbsp;Mahesh Mudi","doi":"10.1002/eer3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.19","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Decentered ablation after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and a large pupil size can cause higher-order aberrations, leading to glare and halos [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. In this case report, we present a noninvasive approach that normalizes accommodative and binocular functions, thereby regulating pupil size and ocular aberrations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 27-year-old male computer science student presented to our hospital with diminished vision in both eyes, frontal headache, and the appearance of glare and halos around lights, which began 1 month after femtosecond (FS-200) LASIK. Following surgery to correct a −5.75 diopter sphere (DS) error in both eyes, the patient reported ongoing visual discomfort for 3 months, necessitating the use of glasses. He also reported that his discomfort persisted even after using 0.4% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eye drops three times daily for dry eyes. However, he did not experience discomfort during 12–14 h of daily computer use. Consequently, he visited our hospital for a second opinion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the optometric examination, uncorrected visual acuity (VA) was 20/80 and 20/30 in the right eye (RE) and 20/30 in the left eye (LE). With his current glasses, the VA improved to 20/30, with a prescription of −1.25 DS in the RE and −1.00 DS in the LE. Upon manifest refraction, VA further improved to 20/25 with −1.50 DS in the RE and −1.25 DS in the LE. Both the anterior and posterior segments appeared normal. The Rosenbaum pupillometry card read the pupil size measured to be approximately 7 mm. The insignificant misalignment in the ablation zone detected by the Oculus Pentacam (Figure 1) invalidated the diagnosis of myopic regression post-LASIK surgery. The ray-tracing aberrometer (Figure 2, Table 1) detected notable ocular aberrations, including increased internal defocus and larger pupil size. Cycloplegic refraction with 1% cyclopentolate solution revealed a refractive error of −1.00 DS in the RE and −0.75 DS in the LE. The patient was advised to return for a post-mydriatic test after 2 days given the 0.50 DS discrepancy between manifest and cycloplegic refractions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A final spectacle prescription was recommended in both eyes with a −0.75 DS following binocular balancing, achieving VA of 20/20. Following a 2-week adaptation period with the new prescription, an orthoptic evaluation was conducted. The patient was diagnosed with a convergence excess (Table 2) associated with a high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio (10:1). The reported Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score was 34. Initially, it was recommended to begin with +1 sphere bifocal spectacles, followed by in-office therapy. However, the patient declined bifocal glasses and opted for vision therapy as the primary treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The vision therapy program was designed to be performed 3 days a week, for 45–60 min, encompassing 24 sessions and 30 min of home therapy (Table 3). The therapy progressed with improvements in both mon","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"140-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.19","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesthetic and functional outcomes in full thickness nasal alar reconstruction: Insights from patients on conchal cartilage and nasolabial-folded-flap","authors":"Lukas S. Fiedler,&nbsp;S. Andrianopoulou,&nbsp;Tobias Meyer","doi":"10.1002/eer3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.18","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nasal alar defects pose significant challenges due to the nose's central role in facial aesthetics and function. Various causes, including skin cancer resection, necessitate effective reconstruction techniques. Despite several available methods, identifying an ideal approach remains elusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study introduces a single-stage reconstruction technique employing the nasolabial-folded-flap (NFL) with conchal cartilage support. A structured patient questionnaire evaluated functional and aesthetic outcomes, pain, healing and satisfaction. The survey involved six patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using this approach in 12 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients expressed high satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Functional aspects received very satisfactory ratings (mean 1.7), with aesthetically appealing results (mean 2). Reconstructed noses harmonized well with patients' faces (mean 2), with a moderate impact on daily activities (mean 2.7). Mild pain was occasionally reported (median 2.2) and healing was perceived as very successful (median 1.5). Patients were highly satisfied with care and support (median 1) and felt adequately informed (median 1.5). They strongly recommended this reconstruction technique to others (median 1).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NFL with conchal cartilage support proves versatile and cosmetically pleasing in single-stage reconstruction for full-thickness nasal alar defects. Patients demonstrated a strong willingness to recommend this approach to individuals with similar defects, showcasing its potential advantages. Despite limitations, our findings underscore the prospects of this technique in nasal reconstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143253100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benign and malignant cutaneous nasal lesions","authors":"Hamed Sarikhani,&nbsp;Karena Zhao,&nbsp;Marc A. Polacco,&nbsp;Charles Gropper,&nbsp;Samuel N. Helman","doi":"10.1002/eer3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The nose is a structure of both cosmetic and functional importance. Cutaneous lesions of the nose occasionally represent a diagnostic challenge and involve the expertise of several specialties from dermatology, otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, infectious disease, and pathology, among others. We present a review of salient features of malignant and benign cutaneous nasal lesions which are of importance to physicians treating these complicated pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"65-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143251946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimal surgical treatment for canal-wall-up mastoidectomy of external auditory canal cholesteatoma","authors":"Xiaodan Pan,&nbsp;Qin Gu,&nbsp;Xuan Sun,&nbsp;Yahan Zhao,&nbsp;Dongxin Liu,&nbsp;Yi Li","doi":"10.1002/eer3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eer3.17","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the optimal surgical excision treatment for external auditory canal (EAC) cholesteatoma involving the posterior wall and partial mastoid process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 115 inpatients (152 ears) diagnosed with EAC cholesteatoma involving posterior wall and partial mastoid from April 2022 to April 2024. Each patient underwent a canal-wall-up mastoidectomy, canaloplasty, and tympanoplasty. Preoperative clinical symptoms and hearing were compared with postoperative outcomes during follow-ups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All patients achieved a dry-ear status and remained relapse-free over the 0.5–2 years' follow-ups. The most salient improvements were observed in hearing loss, oltagia, and aural fullness after the surgical intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For EAC cholesteatoma with the posterior canal wall and partial mastoid invasion, canal-wall-up mastoidectomy with reconstruction of the posterior canal wall is preferable, provided there are no severely extensive cholesteatomas present in the mastoid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pharyngeal wall compliance on passive collapsibility of retropalatal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Hongyi Tian,&nbsp;Yanru Li,&nbsp;Na Lin,&nbsp;Jianhong Liao,&nbsp;Yunhan Shi,&nbsp;Dan Kang,&nbsp;Xiu Ding,&nbsp;Hongguang Li,&nbsp;Demin Han","doi":"10.1002/eer3.6","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the pharyngeal compliance of patients with obstructive sleep apnea with complete muscle relaxation. And to study the relationship between the pharyngeal wall compliance and the mechanical load of the retropalatal airway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The static mechanical load of the retropalatal pharynx was determined by critical closing pressure (<i>P</i>_crit) of the segment during general anesthesia in 30 patients. The size/dimensions of the pharynx were measured while intraluminal pressure was controlled at 3–20 cmH₂O.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 30 participants (age: 37.6 ± 7.6 years, 27 males) were studied. The mean apnea-hypopnea index was 51.6 ± 23.9 events/h. The retropalatal mean <i>P</i>_crit was 12.68 ± 4.13 cmH₂O. There was a significant difference in the length of the obstruction segment (<i>F</i> = 26.028, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) among groups with different pharyngeal collapsibility. The correlation between the mechanical load of retropalatal airway and pharyngeal compliance in the level of the hard palate (<i>r</i> = −0.448, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and the uvula level (<i>r</i> = −0.462, <i>p</i> = 0.026) were significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased retropalatal mechanical loads were related to abnormal passive compliance of the pharyngeal wall. The contribution of each pharyngeal wall to airway collapse was varied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of 350 cases of parotid gland tumors and the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors","authors":"Wen Gao,&nbsp;Lifei Feng,&nbsp;Zishi Huang,&nbsp;Duoxuan Chen,&nbsp;Wei Guo,&nbsp;Gaofei Yin,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhigang Huang","doi":"10.1002/eer3.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To retrospective analysis of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors, and to explore the value of ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The clinical data of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors in our hospital from 2002 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were examined by ultrasound. The postoperative pathological test results were used as the “gold standard” to verify and analyze the value of color Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors (PT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The male-to-female ratio of 350 patients with parotid gland tumors was 1.16:1. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 87 years old. Patients aged 40–65 years accounted for 54.6%, which was the most common age of parotid gland tumors. Among 350 cases, 259 were benign and 91 were malignant. The top three benign PTs were pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin tumor, and basal cell adenoma. The top three malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid masses were 96.53%, 69.23%, 89.43%, 87.50%, and 87.72%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathological types of parotid gland tumors are complex and diverse. Ultrasonography has high accuracy in the diagnosis of PT, which can provide important evidence for the differentiation of benign and malignant PT, and then assist in the clinical selection of individualized surgical programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The next-generation therapies in ophthalmology for blindness worldwide","authors":"Jie Xu,&nbsp;Chang-Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Jia-Yi Jiang,&nbsp;Zi-Bing Jin","doi":"10.1002/eer3.4","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the rapid and groundbreaking development in 21st century medicine on a global scale, new possibilities have emerged for addressing eye diseases, that can be blindness, and that conventional pharmaceuticals and surgical interventions have not hitherto been able to adequately treat. Gene enhancement/supplementation, gene editing, and stem cell therapies have now emerged as key subdisciplines. Here we discuss the current state and prospects of regenerative therapy in the field of ophthalmology, with a primary focus on diseases affecting the cornea, retina, and optic nerve. Our review summarizes the latest advances, challenges, and opportunities in these fields, as well as the potential applications and limitations of different strategies. The review also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and collaborative innovation models for achieving breakthroughs in therapeutic development for sight-loss diseases worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Dual-pressure theory” in pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy from the Beijing intracranial and intraocular pressure study","authors":"Ying Cheng,&nbsp;Mayinuer Yusufu,&nbsp;Robert N. Weinreb,&nbsp;Ningli Wang","doi":"10.1002/eer3.3","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eer3.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanical theory of glaucoma indicates that high intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, nearly half of primary open-angle glaucoma patients with normal intraocular pressure also exhibit progression of what appears to be glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Our earlier prospective study identified for the first time that the relatively low intracranial pressure (ICP) is also an important risk factor for progressive glaucomatous injury of normal-tension glaucoma. When considering the results of studies in nonhuman primates, clinical research, large-scale natural-population studies, and basic laboratory investigations, a new understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma, the “Dual-Pressure Theory”, has been proposed. This theory states that “either high IOP or low ICP contributes to increasing the translaminar cribrosa pressure difference; it is the pressure difference rather than the IOP alone that results in the glaucomatous optic neuropathy”. Here, we provide a systematic introduction to Dual-Pressure Theory relating to glaucoma, the form of a research map, an outline of basic laboratory investigations, the main methodology, and research updates.</p>","PeriodicalId":100519,"journal":{"name":"Eye & ENT Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eer3.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}