Energy Storage and Saving最新文献

{"title":"NOx emissions reduction through applying the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technique for a diesel engine fueled with a diesel-biodiesel‑diethyl ether blend","authors":"Abdulkarim Youssef ,&nbsp;Amr Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable energy sources support energy security and decrease dependence on dwindling fossil fuel resources. The utilization of renewable energy as a sustainable alternative aids in emissions reduction from diesel engines. A numerical study was conducted to investigate the application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a diesel engine, which was fueled with a diesel-biodiesel blend and diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive. The validation was performed using the experimental data of a diesel engine fueled by an 80% diesel and a 20% biodiesel blend (D80B20); good agreement was found between the experimental and numerical results. The aim of the current study is to reduce the concentration of the nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions by applying the EGR technique while utilizing an optimum value of 5% DEE in a diesel-biodiesel blend. The numerical study was conducted using the Ricardo WAVE program. The EGR proportions used were 10%, 20%, and 30%. The NO_x emissions decreased by 59% when 30% EGR was applied, with a decrease of only 5.6% in the engine thermal efficiency. In addition, when 30% EGR was applied, the heat release rate decreased by 27.6%, the combustion duration increased from 33.7° to 48.8°, and the ignition delay increased by 5.3%. These results indicate that applying EGR and DEE can significantly decrease the concentration of NO_x emissions from diesel engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143129358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the effect of gravity angle on airborne spray cooling with different coolants","authors":"Jiajun Chen ,&nbsp;Xiufang Liu ,&nbsp;Shengjun Wang ,&nbsp;Fuhao Zhong ,&nbsp;Mian Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In spray cooling systems designed for airborne equipment or confined packaging conditions, the angle between the spray direction and gravity, known as the gravity angle, significantly affects cooling performance. This study employed the Euler–Lagrange method to build a numerical model for spray cooling with four commonly used working fluids: R134a, HFE-7100, ethyl alcohol, and water. The study investigated the flow and heat transfer characteristics of spray cooling at different gravity angles. The results show that changes in the gravity angle alter the forces acting on the droplets during movement, promoting the aggregation of small droplets into larger ones, which leads to differences in droplet size distribution. This also causes varying degrees of viscous dissipation, resulting in a decrease in average droplet velocity. A nonzero gravity angle introduces a gravity component along the surface direction, causing asymmetry in the velocity and thickness of the liquid film. The region opposite this component exhibits a low-speed, thick liquid film, while the other side shows a high-speed, thin liquid film. These changes in liquid film flow due to the gravity angle affect heat transfer performance. The effect of the gravity angle varies for different working fluids. When the gravity angle increases from 0° to 180°, for low-viscosity and low-surface-tension fluids, such as R134a and HFE-7100, the maximum surface temperature difference exhibits an M-shaped variation, and the mean temperature remains constant. For high-viscosity and high-surface-tension fluids, such as ethyl alcohol and water, both the maximum temperature difference and mean temperature show a U-shaped variation, with optimal heat transfer performance at a gravity angle of 90°. These differences are attributed to the physical properties of the working fluids, which result in variations in liquid film distribution and energy conversion during the spray-cooling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of micro-clearance structure on the collapse of individual liquid hydrogen bubbles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cavitation occurs in the micro-clearance of liquid-hydrogen-lubricated bearings owing to the pressure drop caused by high-speed shearing. The pressure undulation caused by cavitation collapse results in bearing surface erosion and significantly affects the bearing performance. In this study, a modified Z-G-B cavitation model was used to study the crushing process of a single liquid hydrogen bubble in a shear micro-clearance. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and wavelet transform (WT) were applied to study the frequency characteristics of the pressure, mass transfer rate, and vapor mass fraction during bubble rupture in shearing micro-clearance. To obtain a deeper insight into the details of the effect of the shear micro-clearance structure on bubble collapse, the relationship between the flow field energy, attenuation rate, and frequency was investigated. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) methods were used to analyze the energy of each order mode of the flow field. The analysis results of the bubble vibration intensity with respect to time and frequency provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the bearing structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000232/pdfft?md5=7603d661e7f6acdd3f8fc0bf9f7a6069&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES): examining key factors for system optimization","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems have garnered significant attention owing to their efficacy in storing thermal energy for heating and cooling applications. Accurate modeling is paramount for ensuring the precise design and operation of BTES systems. This study conducts a sensitivity analysis of BTES modeling by employing a comparative investigation of five distinct parameters on a wedge-shaped model, with implications extendable to a cylindrical configuration. The parameters examined included two design factors (well spacing and grout thermal conductivity), two operational variables (charging and discharging rates), and one geological attribute (soil thermal conductivity). Finite element simulations were carried out for the sensitivity analysis to evaluate the roundtrip efficiency, both on a per-cycle basis and cumulatively over three years of operation, serving as performance metrics. The results showed varying degrees of sensitivity across different models to changes in these parameters. In particular, the round-trip efficiency exhibited a greater sensitivity to changes in spacing and volumetric flow rate. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of considering the impact of the soil and grout-material thermal conductivities on the BTES-system performance over time. An optimized scenario is modelled and compared with the base case, over a comparative assessment based on a 10-year simulation. The analysis revealed that, at the end of the 10-year period, the optimized BTES model achieved a cycle efficiency of 83.4%. This sensitivity analysis provides valuable insights into the merits and constraints of diverse BTES modeling methodologies, aiding in the selection of appropriate modeling tools for BTES system design and operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 218-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000153/pdfft?md5=854531fdc5284010a6c4fae39d466cf7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation design and optimization of reactors for carbon dioxide mineralization","authors":"Duoyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Xuan ,&nbsp;Xinqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Tian ,&nbsp;Jinqing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To achieve a synergistic solution for both sustainable waste management and permanent CO₂ sequestration, CO₂ mineralization via fly ash particles is an option. Based on computational fluid dynamics, two specialized reactors for fly ash mineralization were designed. The reactor designs were strategically tailored to optimize the interactions between fly ash particles and flue gas within the reactor chamber while concurrently facilitating efficient post-reaction-phase separation. The impinging-type inlet configuration dramatically enhanced the interfacial interaction between the fly ash particles and the gaseous mixture, predominantly composed of CO₂ and steam. This design modality lengthens the particle residency and reaction times, substantially augmenting the mineralization efficiency. A rigorous investigation of three operational parameters, that is, flue gas velocity, carrier gas velocity, and particle velocity, revealed their influential roles in gas-particle contact kinetics. Through a computational investigation, it can be ascertained that the optimal velocity regime for the flue gas was between 20 and 25 m⋅s⁻¹. Concurrently, the carrier gas velocity should be confined to the range of 9–15 m⋅s⁻¹. Operating within these finely tuned parameters engenders a marked enhancement in reactor performance, thereby providing a robust theoretical basis for operational efficacy. Overall, a judicious reactor design was integrated with data-driven parameter optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000165/pdfft?md5=ddb8435f763efc1c35ce2c075e6dfcec&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Battery health management–a perspective of design, optimization, manufacturing, fault detection, and recycling","authors":"Pavel M. Roy,&nbsp;Harsh H. Sawant,&nbsp;Pratik P. Shelar,&nbsp;Prashil U. Sarode,&nbsp;S.H. Gawande","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the key aspects of battery technology, focusing on Li-ion, Lead-acid, and Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. It delves into manufacturing processes and highlighting their significance in optimizing battery performance. In addition, the study investigates battery fault detection, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis using artificial intellignece (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. This paper also addresses battery recycling techniques, discussing methods such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, mechanical separation, and electrodialysis, considering their environmental impact. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the evolution of battery technology and its role in sustainable energy systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 190-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000141/pdfft?md5=03e71e4339fce260728e239e87658325&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on thermal management technologies for electronics in spacecraft environment","authors":"Yi-Gao Lv ,&nbsp;Yao-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Meng ,&nbsp;Qiu-Wang Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiao Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the rapid development of the space industry, ever higher demands are being made for the optimization and improvement of spacecraft thermal management systems. Thermal control technology has become one of the key bottlenecks that restrict the level of spacecraft design. In this paper, the thermal management technologies (TMTs) for spacecraft electronics are reviewed according to the different heat transfer processes, including heat acquisition, heat transport, and heat rejection. The researches on efficient heat acquisition include the utilization of high thermal conductance materials, the development of novel package structure based on micro-/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) technologies, and advanced near-junction microfluidic cooling techniques. For the heat transport process, various heat pipes and mechanical pumped fluid loops (MPFLs) are widely implemented to transport heat from heat generation components to the ultimate heat sinks. The heat pipes are divided into two categories based on their structure layout, i.e., separated heat pipes and unseparated heat pipes. The merits and demerits of these heat pipes and MPFLs (including the single-phase MPFL and the two-phase MPFL) are discussed and summarized respectively. In terms of the heat rejection for spacecraft, thermal radiators are normally the sole option due to the unique space environment. To meet the requirements of large heat dissipation power and fluctuated thermal environment, research efforts on the radiators mainly focus on the development of deployable radiators, variable emissivity radiators, and the combination with other techniques. Due to the fluctuated characteristics of the heat power of internal electronics and the outer thermal environment, the phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit great advantages in this scenario and have attracted a lot of research attention. This review aims to serve as a reference guide for the development of thermal management system in the future spacecraft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 153-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277268352400013X/pdfft?md5=e061d05d25dec1c81399e46c028faf5c&pid=1-s2.0-S277268352400013X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent development in degradation mechanisms of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle applications: problems, progress, and perspectives","authors":"Zikuo Liu ,&nbsp;Shanshan Cai ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Tu ,&nbsp;Siew Hwa Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to its zero emissions, high efficiency and low noise, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is full of potential for the application of vehicle power source. Nonetheless, its lifespan and durability remain multiple obstacles to be solved before widespread commercialization. Frequent exposure to non-rated operating conditions could considerably accelerate the degradation of the PEMFC in various forms, thus reducing its durability. This paper first analyses degradation mechanisms of PEMFCs under typical automotive operating conditions, including idling, startup-shutdown, dynamic loads, and cold start. The corresponding accelerated stress testing methods are also discussed. Then, as the impurities existed in the reaction gas source and generated from the degradation of the PEMFC itself may occur under all automotive conditions, the degradation mechanisms caused by impurity contamination are classified and reviewed in detail. After that, the techniques proposed by researchers to enhance the durability of PEMFCs are presented from four aspects: membrane electrode assembly (MEA) materials, bipolar plates and flow fields design, stack assembly, and cell control strategies. The challenges in the field and the prospects for the future are summarized and analyzed at the end. The aim of this work is to provide guidelines for improving the durability of PEMFCs in vehicle applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 106-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000128/pdfft?md5=62c9c6ab3ff0c5ca9ee82f50334f2842&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified transformer and adapter-based transfer learning for fault detection and diagnosis in HVAC systems","authors":"Zi-Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Li ,&nbsp;Zhan-Wei Cao ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Ming-Jia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can help to improve the energy saving in building energy systems. However, most data-driven trained FDD models have limited generalizability and can only be applied to specific systems. The diversity of HVAC systems and the high cost of data acquisition present challenges for the practical application of FDD. Transfer learning technology can be employed to mitigate this problem by training a model on systems with sufficient data and then transfer it to other systems with limited data. In this study, a novel transfer learning approach for HVAC FDD is proposed. First, the transformer model is modified to incorporate one encoder and two decoders connected, enabling two outputs. This modified transformer model accommodates absent features in the target domain and serves as a robust foundation for transfer learning. It has effective performance in complex systems and achieves an accuracy of 91.38% for a system with 16 faults and multiple fault severity levels. Second, the adapter-based parameter-efficient transfer learning method, facilitating the transfer of trained models simply by inserting small adapter modules, is investigated as the transfer learning strategy. Results demonstrate that this adapter-based transfer learning approach achieves satisfactory performance similar to full fine-tuning with fewer trainable parameters. It works well with limited data amount in target domain. Furthermore, the findings highlight the significance of adapters positioned near the bottom and top layers, emphasizing their critical role in facilitating successful transfer learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000050/pdfft?md5=10ee7bc62bbe78e058c62f13210c9624&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enss.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100472,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage and Saving","volume":"3 1","pages":"Page 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772683524000025/pdfft?md5=a4c67cdf260848415482a141c683dcf7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772683524000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139937007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}