{"title":"Perovskites for CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion: Active-Phase Identity, Reconstruction, and the Evidence Behind Mechanistic Claims.","authors":"Darpan Bhuse, Ankush Thate, Shubham Deshmukh, Suresh Selvaraj, Ganesh Agawane, Chandan Patel, Suraj Jadhav","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Converting CO<sub>2</sub> into fuels and chemicals is a central challenge in sustainable chemistry. Perovskites offer compositional flexibility, tunable band structures, redox-active B-site cations, controllable defect chemistry, and a propensity for exsolution and surface reconstruction under operating conditions. This review critically synthesizes perovskite-based CO<sub>2</sub> conversion across halide and lead-free halide perovskites; Cu- and Fe-substituted systems; oxynitrides and oxyfluorides; and thermochemical, chemical-looping, solid oxide electrolysis, and methanation oxides. Using an evidence hierarchy that prioritizes <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> isotope labeling, operando spectroscopy, local structure probes, and postreaction characterization, the analysis distinguishes established active-site claims from activity correlations, identifies systems whose working catalyst is a reconstructed phase rather than the as-synthesized perovskite, and outlines the standards needed for mechanism-guided catalyst design.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70247"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathalia B Sá, Patrick C Nobre, Isabelly O Ferreira, Juliano B Azeredo, Vanessa Nascimento
{"title":"Advances in Unconventional and Sustainable Synthetic Approaches to Benzopyran Scaffolds.","authors":"Nathalia B Sá, Patrick C Nobre, Isabelly O Ferreira, Juliano B Azeredo, Vanessa Nascimento","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benzopyran scaffold is a versatile family of heterocycles found in a wide range of bioactive natural products and functional molecules. In response to increasing environmental and regulatory demands, developing synthetic strategies focused on sustainability and low-impact conditions has become a central focus in modern heterocyclic chemistry. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of low-impact methods reported over the past 8 years for constructing benzopyran-derived structures, including coumarins, flavones, chromones, chromenes, and chromanes. We systematically integrated both enabling technologies (e.g., microwave irradiation, visible-light photocatalysis, continuous-flow systems, and ultrasound activation) and chemical strategies involving biocatalysis, multicomponent reactions, recyclable heterogeneous catalysis, and alternative solvents, including deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids. Advances in selectivity, efficiency, and catalyst reusability are highlighted, as are certain limitations. By contextualizing these methods within the various benzopyran scaffolds, this review provides an important foundation for the rational integration of sustainable tools in benzopyran synthesis and highlights perspectives for future research, thereby enhancing their industrial and pharmaceutical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70219"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Smart Liquid Metal Hydrogel Composites: A Review.","authors":"Jiuya Zhai, Jing Xu, Yibing Xie","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smart liquid metal (LM) hydrogel composites are an emerging class of flexible functional composites. They are fabricated by structurally integrating highly conductive and fluidic LMs with flexible and biocompatible hydrogels, thereby combining the advantages of both components. Three main preparation strategies include patterning LMs on hydrogel surfaces, injecting LMs into the interior of hydrogels, and directly mixing LMs with hydrogels. Smart LM hydrogel composites exhibit outstanding comprehensive performance of excellent electrical conductivity, self-healing capability, mechanical strength, adhesiveness, and biocompatibility, as well as multiresponsive behaviors to external stimuli, including strain, light, magnetic field, temperature, and humidity. Benefiting from these superior properties, smart LM hydrogel composites have found wide applications in cutting-edge fields such as wearable devices, disease therapy, actuators, electromagnetic interference shielding, and triboelectric nanogenerators. This review systematically correlates the structure-property-application relationships of smart LM hydrogel composites, with an emphasis on the synergistic enhancement mechanisms of LMs on the electrical conductivity, self-healing performance, mechanical properties, adhesiveness, biocompatibility, and intelligent responsiveness of hydrogels. Various application scenarios of smart LM hydrogel composites are also summarized. Smart LM hydrogel composites are expected to achieve more development in intelligent systems through optimizing structural design, tuning interfacial interactions, and expanding multifunctional integrated systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70245"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to Tackle the Killer of Supercapacitors: Self-Discharge.","authors":"Siying Wu, Yue Wu, Tinghao Zhang, Jialei Bao, Wei-Shi Li, Fu-Gang Zhao","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supercapacitors have emerged as a vital component in electrochemical energy storage, owing to their compelling advantages including high power density, long cycle life, fast charge/discharge capability, wide operating temperature range, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the severe self-discharge phenomenon causes spontaneous voltage decay and continuous energy loss under open-circuit conditions, significantly restricting their practical deployment in independent energy storage and long-term reliability scenarios. To address this critical bottleneck, this review first decouples the three dominant self-discharge mechanisms from a fundamental perspective, namely ohmic leakage, parasitic Faradaic reactions, and charge redistribution. Anchored in device architecture, it then systematically summarizes the influence of each component, including the current collector, electrode material, electrolyte, and separator, on self-discharge behavior and the corresponding suppression strategies. This work aims to provide directional guidance for constructing high-energy supercapacitors with ultralow self-discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70230"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical recordPub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-06-30DOI: 10.1002/tcr.70202
Syed Shaheen Shah, Hani Albalawi, Abdul Wadood, Bakht Muhammad Khan, Shahbaz Khan, Syed Khasim, Taymour A Hamdalla, Takaya Ogawa, Munetaka Oyama, Md Abdul Aziz
{"title":"Solid State Supercapacitors for Energy Storage: Materials, Device Engineering, Multifunctionality, and Emerging Electrical Applications.","authors":"Syed Shaheen Shah, Hani Albalawi, Abdul Wadood, Bakht Muhammad Khan, Shahbaz Khan, Syed Khasim, Taymour A Hamdalla, Takaya Ogawa, Munetaka Oyama, Md Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tcr.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-state supercapacitors (SSS) are emerging electrochemical energy-storage devices that combine high power capability, long cycle life, improved safety, and compatibility with compact and flexible formats. This review examines SSS from an electrical-engineering-oriented perspective, linking materials development with device design and emerging system-level applications. First, the roles of electrode materials, solid and quasi-solid electrolytes, current collectors, substrates, and electrode/electrolyte interfaces are discussed in relation to ion transport, charge transfer, voltage window, equivalent series resistance, and mechanical reliability. Second, recent progress in hierarchical electrodes, interface engineering, flexible architectures, self-charging systems, electrochromic devices, sensing-integrated platforms, and wearable configurations is critically assessed. Third, the review introduces an application-translation framework that connects material and device advances with engineering metrics such as power density, response time, cycling durability, leakage behavior, converter compatibility, module scalability, hybrid energy-storage operation, renewable-energy buffering, and grid-edge support. Persistent challenges, including limited ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance, constrained voltage windows, low practical mass loading, packaging instability, scale-up inconsistency, and nonstandardized testing, are also highlighted. Finally, future directions are proposed toward multifunctional hybrid materials, manufacturable device architectures, digital diagnostics, and intelligent integration of SSS within resilient and sustainable electrical energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70202"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Featuring an Aza-Axis via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis.","authors":"Xiao-Yong Duan, Dongyan Li, Zitong Yao, Chang Guo, Jing Qi","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The research of atropisomerism containing aza axes (such as C─N, N─N, C─O, and C─B) in synthetic chemistry has drawn considerable attention in the past few years, primarily due to its importance to natural products total synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. In contrast to the well-established field of C─C atropisomers, the catalytic asymmetric construction of aza-axial chirality was largely overlooked for a long time until the seminal reports by Taguchi and Curran in the early 2000s. This review mainly summarizes the progress in N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated atroposelective construction of aza-axial chiral atropisomers, covering strategies including kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic KR, desymmetrization, de novo annulation, and direct atroposelective N-acylation. Despite these achievements, the asymmetric synthesis of aza-axial chirality remains far less developed than that of C─C atropisomers, owing to the difficulty in controlling enantioselectivity. Exploration of efficient and novel methods for constructing aza-axial chiral molecules is highly desirable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70244"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Base-Mediated [5 + 1] Annulation Reactions.","authors":"Yao Jiang, Yue Wang, Teck-Peng Loh","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The [5 + 1] annulation is a highly efficient strategy for constructing six-membered carbocycles, heterocycles, and spiro/fused ring skeletons, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional molecules. Traditional transition-metal-catalyzed methods often suffer from limitations such as metal contamination, high costs, and tedious workup procedures. In contrast, base-mediated/catalyzed systems have emerged as a prominent research hotspot owing to their metal-free nature, mild conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, and green economy. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in base-mediated [5 + 1] cycloadditions over the past two decades. Based on the catalytic systems, the reactions are categorized into organic bases (tertiary amines, N-heterocyclic carbenes, organophosphines) and inorganic bases (potassium tert-butoxide, carbonates, and potassium methoxide). The cyclization modes involving various five-atom synthons with one-carbon/one-nitrogen synthons are discussed in detail. This review aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical reference for the future design of novel base-mediated cycloadditions and the construction of complex cyclic pharmaceutical skeletons.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70243"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Sabrià, Luigi Leanza, Massimo Delle Piane, Max von Delius, Ferran Feixas, Xavi Ribas, Giovanni M Pavan
{"title":"Understanding the Dynamics of Mechanically Interlocked Molecular Systems via Metadynamics Simulations.","authors":"Clara Sabrià, Luigi Leanza, Massimo Delle Piane, Max von Delius, Ferran Feixas, Xavi Ribas, Giovanni M Pavan","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, display complex internal dynamics and reciprocal motions that are central to their use as artificial molecular machines. Revealing how these motions occur, the key interactions, and the rate-limiting steps determining their kinetics is essential for understanding and designing functional systems. However, due to scale-, space-, and time-resolution limits, this is typically not easy to access via experimental techniques. In this Personal Account, we discuss representative examples from our recent work using classical molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations to investigate the key mechanisms, the thermodynamics, and kinetics of the internal dynamics of rotaxanes and catenanes. This allows access to the dynamics of mechanically interlocked systems at atomistic resolution, disentangling bound, unbound, and intermediate states and the dynamical interconversion between them, and providing information on kinetic barriers and characteristic timescales. Such atomistic-scale simulations provide results that are reliable and in very good agreement with the available experimental measurements. Overall, this account illustrates the value of molecular simulations as a predictive and complementary tool for understanding mechanically interlocked molecules in motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70238"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Xu, Yujia Han, Haixiang Zeng, Hongxia Li, Xiaohui Niu, Xiaoyu Liu, Li Chen, Deyi Zhang, Dongqiang Zhang, Kunjie Wang
{"title":"Graphene-Based Composites for Cancer and Antimicrobial Applications: From Structural Design to Clinical Practice.","authors":"Jing Xu, Yujia Han, Haixiang Zeng, Hongxia Li, Xiaohui Niu, Xiaoyu Liu, Li Chen, Deyi Zhang, Dongqiang Zhang, Kunjie Wang","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Through synergistic interactions with functional components such as metals, metal oxides, polymers, and biomolecules, graphene-based composites can simultaneously exhibit properties including photothermal conversion, drug delivery, imaging, and molecular recognition, demonstrating significant application potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment as well as antimicrobial therapy. Given that existing research has primarily focused on graphene materials themselves and that a systematic summary of the relationship between the preparation, structure, properties, and safety of graphene-based composites is still lacking, this paper reviews preparation methods such as laser etching, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, thermal reduction, water-induced plastic foaming, and electrochemical exfoliation and analyzes their effects on material yield, particle size distribution, defect density, cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. It further outlines research progress in the field of tumor therapy, covering drug delivery, combination therapy, biosensing and diagnostics, toxicology, and antimicrobial applications. Particular attention is given to recent advancements in graphene-based composites. Finally, the paper discusses the major obstacles to the clinical translation of graphene-based composites, as well as the lack of standardized characterization and biosafety evaluation systems suitable for composite systems. In the future, a corresponding standardized evaluation framework should be established to lay the foundation for their safe, reproducible, and scalable biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70237"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bismuth Telluride-Based Thermoelectric Thin Films: From Deposition Strategies to Flexible and Wearable Devices.","authors":"Samira Saddique, Inaam Ullah, Muhammad Irfan, Ameer Sultan, Ayesha Irfan, Shanza Taswar, Sara Anbreen, Wenjun Wang, Hammad Waheed, Salamat Ali, Guiying Xu","doi":"10.1002/tcr.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoelectric (TE) materials convert thermal gradients into electrical energy, offering asolid-state route to sustainable power generation and precision cooling. Among these, Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based thin films including alloys such as Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3-x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub> and Bi<sub>x</sub>Sb<sub>2-x</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> are key candidates for microenergy systems due to their reduced dimensionality, which enhances phonon scattering and enables precise charge transport control. Thin-film architectures provide seamless integration with flexible substrates, engineered interfaces that suppress lattice thermal conductivity (κ<sub>L</sub>), and millisecond-scale thermal response. This review critically examines fabrication techniques for Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-based thin films, including physical vapor deposition (coevaporation, pulsed laser deposition, and magnetron sputtering), low-pressure chemical vapor deposition, solution-based methods (electrochemical deposition, spin-coating, and wet-chemical synthesis) and screen printing technique. Each deposition method is evaluated for stoichiometric control, microstructure, and interfacial quality, with process parameters linked to TE performance and optimized films demonstrated in flexible, wearable, and conformal devices. The analysis reveals a fundamental trade-off between TE efficiency, manufacturing scalability, and mechanical durability-a trilemma that no single deposition method can resolve. This work bridges advanced fabrication science with practical device integration for emerging flexible electronics, addressing key challenges including scalability, contact resistance, and sustainable manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10046,"journal":{"name":"Chemical record","volume":" ","pages":"e70240"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}