Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control最新文献

{"title":"Cortical motor neuron excitability during cutaneous silent period","authors":"Kazuo Kaneko,&nbsp;Shinya Kawai,&nbsp;Toshihiko Taguchi,&nbsp;Yasunori Fuchigami,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yonemura,&nbsp;Hideaki Fujimoto","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00031-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00031-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong><span><span><span>: To investigate cortical motor neuron excitability during cutaneous silent period (CSP), motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from abductor pollicis brevis following </span>transcranial magnetic stimulation (TCM) were recorded with and without a conditioning of ipsilateral painful digital nerve </span>electric stimulation.</span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span>: MEPs following TCM were recorded with and without a conditioning stimulation at an interstimulus interval (ISI) from 0 ms to 100ms in 6 controls and four patients who had reduced pain sensation<span><span><span> in unilateral upper limbs associated with cervical syringomyelia. In addition MEPs and </span>evoked spinal cord potentials (ESCPs) from cervical </span>epidural space<span> following TCM with and without a conditioning stimulation were recorded in four patients with thoracic myelopathy.</span></span></span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: MEP amplitude was clearly attenuated by a conditioning stimulation at an ISI from 40 ms to 80 ms in controls (statistically significant at 60 ms). In patients with cervical syringomyelia, MEP amplitude was attenuated by a conditioning stimulation in asymptomatic hands similarly in controls but that was unchanged by a conditioning stimulation in the symptomatic hand with reduced pain sensation. In patients with thoracic myelopathy MEP amplitude was attenuated by conditioning stimulation similarly in controls, but ESCP amplitude was unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: We demonstrated that noxious cutaneous nerve stimulation suppressed spinal motor neurons but cortical motor neuron excitability was unchanged during CSP. In clinical practice, measurement of MEP suppression after noxious cutaneous nerve stimulation may provide useful information in patients with damaged pain related nerve fibers.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 364-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00031-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20664665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in childhood: study of 6 cases","authors":"A.Cruz Martı́nez ,&nbsp;J Arpa","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00026-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00026-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Six children, 4 girls and two boys, aged 5–14 years, with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are reported. </span>Median nerve<span><span> entrapment had different aetiologies in each case. One patient developed unilateral CTS symptoms after intensive basketball training. He improved upon terminating this sporting activity. In 3 patients bilateral CTS was associated with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome, trigger finger and mucopolysaccharidosis<span><span> I (MPS IS=Scheie syndrome), respectively. The latter subject, a boy aged 11 years who had severe bilateral muscle thenar weakness and atrophy, made a good recovery after surgery. Two cases with bilateral CTS had </span>autosomal dominant disease. One of them showed familial CTS with thickening of the transverse carpal ligament. The other child (5 years old) presented early bilateral CTS as first manifestation of </span></span>hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies<span><span> (HNPP). His relatives were asymptomatic, but they showed electrophysiological and nerve biopsy changes consistent with HNPP. </span>Nerve conduction studies<span> (NCS) are diagnostic in paediatric CTS. Moreover, NCS is an objective method to evaluate the evolution of the nerve lesions after surgery. NCS must be performed in nerves of the propositus other than the median, as well as in first degree symptomatic and asymptomatic relatives in order to identify possible familial </span></span></span></span>neuropathies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 304-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00026-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20665366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodiagnostic methods for neurogenic dysphagia1","authors":"Cumhur Ertekin ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Aydogdu ,&nbsp;Nur Yüceyar ,&nbsp;Sultan Tarlaci ,&nbsp;Nefati Kiylioglu ,&nbsp;Murat Pehlivan ,&nbsp;Gürbüz Çelebi","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00027-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong><span>: Swallowing mechanisms and neurogenic dysphagia have not been systematically studied by the EMG technique. It is desirable to evaluate neurogenic dysphagia for diagnostic and possibly for therapeutic purposes using electrophysiological methods.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong><span>: The following methods were described: mechanical upward/downward movements of the larynx were detected using a piezoelectric sensor, while submental integrated EMG activity was recorded during dry and wet swallowing. The EMG activity of cricopharyngeal muscle of the upper oesophageal sphincter was also recorded in some normal subjects and patients. Piecemeal deglutition and the dysphagia limit were determined in all patients to detect dysphagia objectively. In this study 75 normal subjects and 177 neurological patients with various degrees of dysphagia were investigated.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong><span><span>: Voluntarily triggered oropharyngeal swallowing was commonly pathological in the majority of patients, with or without overt dysphagia. The dysphagia limit appeared to be an objective measure of the degree of dysphagia in more than 90% of patients. Pathophysiological mechanisms were different in at least three groups of patients with neurogenic dysphagia. In the group of patients with muscular disorders<span>, laryngeal elevators were involved while the CP-sphincterwas intact. The second group included patients with the clinical signs of corticobulbar fibre involvement such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and </span></span>pseudobulbar palsy. In these patients, there was incoordination between paretic laryngeal elevators and hyperreflexic CP-sphincter. In the third group (patients with Parkinson's disease), the swallowing reflex was delayed and prolonged.</span></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: EMG methods described in the present study are very useful for the diagnosis of neurogenic dysphagia, objectively and quickly. They are important to understand the physiological mechanisms for deglutition and its disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00027-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20664661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of electrical stimulation of the thalamic Vim nucleus on hand tremor during stereotactic thalamotomy","authors":"A Takahashi,&nbsp;K Watanabe,&nbsp;K Satake,&nbsp;M Hirato,&nbsp;C Ohye","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00034-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00034-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong><span><span>: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between neuronal responses in the thalamic ventralis intermedius (Vim) nucleus to peripheral, natural stimulation and the modulation of tremor by electrical stimulation during stereotactic </span>thalamotomy.</span></p><p><strong>Design and methods</strong><span><span>: The authors studied 36 patients with hand tremor using a </span>microelectrode. The responses of tremor to electrical stimulation were analysed electromyographically. Sixty stimulation sites were divided into three groups.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong><span>: Group A (20 sites) where responses to stretching of the contralateral<span> forearm muscles were recorded. Group B (26 sites) where responses to stretching of the other muscles of the upper extremity were recorded. Electrical stimulation at sites in groups A and B temporarily suppressed the contralateral tremor, but the minimum current intensity to suppress tremor at sites in group A was less than that in group B. Electrical stimulation in group C (14 sites), where kinesthetic responses of contralateral lower extremity were recorded, resulted in increased amplitude of hand tremor. Selective coagulation including the area of tremor suppression resulted in abolition of the tremor in all patients.</span></span></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These results suggest that the most effective site for thalamotomy may also be suitable for chronic stimulation in the Vim nucleus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 376-384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00034-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20665205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling between single muscle spindle afferent and EMG in human wrist extensor muscles: physiological evidence of skeletofusimotor (beta) innervation","authors":"Naoyuki Kakuda,&nbsp;Takako Miwa,&nbsp;Masanori Nagaoka","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00030-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00030-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Objectives</em>: This study was conducted to find physiological evidence of skeletofusimotor innervation in man. <em>Methods</em><span><span>: Discharges of 38 single muscle spindle afferents from m. extensor carpi radialis were recorded from 9 subjects during steady </span>isometric contractions of wrist extension. Correlation between these afferents and rectified surface EMG was investigated by estimating cumulant density function. </span><em>Results</em>: In the cumulant density estimate between spindle afferent and EMG, a positive EMG peak was obtained prior to afferent firing between −30 and −10 ms in 15 afferents (39%). <em>Conclusions</em>: The present finding indicates coupling between spindle afferents and extrafusal activity and suggests the widespread skeletofusimotor innervation in human muscle spindle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 360-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00030-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20664664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarity of soleus motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation and electrical stimulation of tibial nerve","authors":"D Wochnik-Dyjas,&nbsp;C Głazowski,&nbsp;M Niewiadomska","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00032-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong><span>: To reveal and discuss the peculiarities of soleus muscle in comparison with electrophysiological features of other leg muscles.</span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span><span>: Vastus lateralis (L3), tibialis anterior (L4), extensor </span>digitorum<span><span> brevis (L5) and soleus (S1) muscles were tested at rest. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electrical stimulation<span><span> of relevant peripheral nerves were applied. Cortically evoked motor potentials (C-MEP), peripheral </span>compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) and F-waves were recorded. Estimating F-wave conduction time allowed calculation of the central conduction time (CCT-F) within the cortex-spinal </span></span>motoneurones segment for each muscle.</span></span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: One could expect that the lower spinal metameric representation of the muscle the longer a corresponding CCT-F. However, a study of 30 healthy subject (60 right and left muscles) reveals a relatively short CCT-F for the soleus muscle. Moreover, the mean amplitude of soleus C-MEP is the lowest, CMAP and F-wave amplitude are the highest and standardised distal motor latency is the longest compared to the analogous parameters for the other muscles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The reason for these special features can be attributed probably to a different structure and innervation of the soleus (mainly red, slow, tonic muscle) in contrast to the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum brevis (mainly white, fast, phasic muscle).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 369-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00032-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20664666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetoneurographic 3D localization of conduction blocks in patients with unilateral S1 root compression","authors":"Bruno-Marcel Mackert ,&nbsp;Gabriel Curio ,&nbsp;Martin Burghoff ,&nbsp;Lutz Trahms ,&nbsp;Peter Marx","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00024-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00024-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span><span>: Tibial nerve somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (tSEFs) over the lower back reflect the propagation of compound action currents along fibers of plexus, nerve roots and </span>cauda equina<span>. One clinical perspective for this `magnetoneurography' is the non-invasive 3D localization of focal slowing or blocks of conduction. Here, first tSEF mappings in 3 consecutive patients with acute unilateral S1 nerve root compression are reported.</span></span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span>: Right and left tibial nerves were electrostimulated in alternation; tSEF responses were recorded using a multichannel SQUID-detector; additionally, spinal and cortical SEP, F-wave and H-reflex studies were performed.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In all patients an intraindividual side-to-side comparison of spinal tSEF mappings was obtained: using a dipolar source model compound action, currents could be visualized propagating along plexus, nerve roots and cauda equina on the non-affected side whereas on the affected side normally-propagating dipolar field patterns could be recorded only distal to the spinal transforaminal root entrance; this reflects focal slowing or block of conduction in nerve root fibers as indicated by the SEP, F-wave and H-reflex study results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><span>: With a registration time of 15 min a 3D localization of proximal slowing or block of conduction was successfully performed in patients suffering from acute nerve root lesions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 4","pages":"Pages 315-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00024-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20664659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stumbling reactions in man: influence of corticospinal input","authors":"Martin E. Keck ,&nbsp;Mirjam Pijnappels ,&nbsp;Martin Schubert ,&nbsp;Gery Colombo ,&nbsp;Armin Curt ,&nbsp;Volker Dietz","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00009-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of contribution of supraspinal input to the generation of the compensatory leg muscle activation following stance perturbation. Therefore, evoked motor response (EMR) input–output relations of two different motor tasks were compared at 3 distinct periods: (1) the basic period of muscular activity during standing, i.e. when no additional cortical or spinal activity due to the different tasks is to be expected, (2) the pre-movement period with low background activity, when different spinal and cortical inputs to the motoneuronal pool can be assumed and (3) the period of plateau EMG activity of compensatory and voluntary motor task. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) just below the motor threshold was applied randomly at 19 different time-intervals before and during the onset of stance perturbation and for comparison during an equivalent voluntary foot-dorsiflexion task. Recordings of electromyographic (EMG) activity from the tibialis anterior (TA) and corresponding ankle-joint movements were made from both legs. Forward-directed displacements were induced by randomly-timed ramp impulses of constant acceleration upon a moveable platform. For comparison, leg muscle EMG was recorded during isometric foot dorsiflexion during stance while leaning back against a support. The stance perturbations were followed by a compensatory response (CR) in the TA with a mean onset time of 81 ms. During the basic period of muscular activity and the period of plateau EMG activity there was no significant difference of the input–output relation between stance perturbation and the voluntary motor task. However, in the voluntary task compared with the CR, there was significantly greater input–output relation (facilitation) of the EMR in the TA following TMS, which may be related to an increased cortical influence. In contrast to this result of the CR following stance perturbation, a facilitation of the EMR was described for hand muscles under corresponding conditions of automatic compensation for muscle stretch, suggesting a transcortical reflex loop. This difference in the results from upper and lower extremity muscles favors the assumption of a predominantly spinal generation of the TA-CR following stance perturbation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 3","pages":"Pages 215-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00009-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20656283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling direct activation of corticospinal axons using transcranial electrical stimulation","authors":"Veikko Suihko","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Corticospinal axons can be directly activated using anodal transcranial electrical stimulation<span>. The purpose of this work was to find the location of the direct activation. The response to stimulation was modeled with a spherical head model and an active model of a corticospinal nerve. The nerve model had a deep bend at a location corresponding to a corticospinal fiber entering the midbrain. The threshold activation initiated close to brain surface; the exact location depended on whether the cell body located in the surface layers of the brain or in the bank of the central sulcus. The stimulation time constant was 44 </span></span><em>μ</em>s. When the stimulus amplitude was increased, the site of activation shifted gradually to deeper level, until the activation initiated directly at the bend causing a half millisecond latency jump at spinal level. These results support the theory that the corticospinal axons can be directly activated at deep locations using anodal transcranial electrical stimulation. However, the high amplitude needed for the direct activation suggests that not only the bends on the fibers, but also the shape of surrounding volume conductor (intracranial cavity) favor activation at this location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 3","pages":"Pages 238-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00016-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20656286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evident trans-synaptic degeneration of motor neurons after stroke: a study of neuromuscular jitter by axonal microstimulation","authors":"Chein-Wei Chang","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00011-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Neuronal degradation accompanied by axonal degeneration<span> has been known to occur in lower motor neurons<span> following a stroke. In the present study, the functional integrity of neuromuscular transmission was assessed, utilizing a sensitive </span></span></span>electrodiagnostic<span> method consisting of stimulated single-fiber electromyography<span> (SFEMG), along with axonal microstimulation<span>, in paralytic muscles of stroke patients. Neuromuscular<span> jitter was measured in the hemiplegic side extensor </span></span></span></span></span>digitorum communis (EDC) as well as in anterior tibial (AT) muscles for 28 stroke patients and also for 13 age-matched controls. The disease duration, i.e. from the onset of stroke until the stimulated SFEMG examination, extended from 2 months to 8 years. Mean jitters obtained in EDC and AT muscles of stroke patients were found to be significantly greater than those in normal controls. Mean jitters obtained in severely weak muscles of stroke patients were greater than those in moderately weak muscles. Positive correlations were noted between the increased jitter and the disease duration from the onset of stroke until the time of the stimulated SFEMG test. These findings demonstrate a dysfunction of neuromuscular transmission in the paralytic muscles of stroke patients and suggests that trans-synaptic degeneration of motor neurons may occur in stroke. Furthermore, the neuronal degradation in stroke was positively correlated with the course duration of the disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 3","pages":"Pages 199-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00011-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20657017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}