Economía Informa最新文献_第6页

La relación comercial de México con Estados Unidos y China en el siglo xxi: efectos en la integración local del aparato productivo mexicano 21世纪墨西哥与美国和中国的贸易关系:对墨西哥生产机构本地一体化的影响

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.11.002

Samuel Ortiz Velásquez

{"title":"La relación comercial de México con Estados Unidos y China en el siglo xxi: efectos en la integración local del aparato productivo mexicano","authors":"Samuel Ortiz Velásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article studies the commercial integration of Mexico with the United States and China and its effects on the local integration of the Mexican productive apparatus. Information is presented for 220 industrial classes, covering the period 2003-2014. Based on different typologies, it is shown how China's entry into the WTO in 2001 deepened the import dependence of the Mexican manufacturing apparatus, both in the export industries and domestic market industries. Among other outcomes, China has directly displaced the United States as the main importer in 152 industries operating in Mexico, of which 62 are export oriented and 87% of them are destined for the United States. This phenomenon reveals the emergence of an industrial organization that has been established between Mexican industries with China and the United States, with adverse effects in local productive linkages. The remaining 90 industries have strong local production chains and are relevant in employment generation; in these industries, the massive entry of Chinese imports has displaced investment, employment and local supply. Current macroeconomic and mesoeconomic policy has encouraged this special kind of local-global integration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2017.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78166054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La coordinación tributaria del comercio y la industria en México: el atropellado camino para el establecimiento del Impuesto Sobre Ingresos Mercantiles (isim) 墨西哥贸易和工业的税收协调:建立商业收入税(isim)的艰难道路

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.003

María del Ángel Molina Armenta

{"title":"La coordinación tributaria del comercio y la industria en México: el atropellado camino para el establecimiento del Impuesto Sobre Ingresos Mercantiles (isim)","authors":"María del Ángel Molina Armenta","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the entry into force of the Federal Law of the Isim on January 1, 1948 established the tax with which the federation began the coordination of the tax system of trade and industry in Mexico through a gradual scheme whose progress depended on the signing of coordination agreements between said level of government and the federative entities, which jointly aimed to centralize the branch. This coordination scheme also sought to advance towards the establishment of a tax figure that relied exclusively on consumption (final transactions). In this context, the main objective of the present article is to explain this configuration of double transition implied in the <span>isim</span>, from the problems that the federation faced before its establishment. In this sense, we intend to understand the beginning of the coordination process in this area through the problem of the distribution of the tax authorities that arose between the federal and local tax authorities and the difficulties that the federation faced in order to establish immediately the tax on consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81849191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short-Run Market Access and the Construction of Better Transportation Infrastructure in Mexico 短期市场准入与墨西哥更好的交通基础设施建设

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.56

Fernando Pérez-Cervantes, Aldo Sandoval-Hernández

引用次数: 0

Corporate Investment in Emerging Markets: The Role of Commodity Prices 新兴市场的企业投资:商品价格的作用

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.54

Nicolás E. Magud, S. Sosa

引用次数: 8

The economic growth and the banking credit in Mexico: Granger causality and short-term effects, 2001Q1 – 2016Q4 墨西哥经济增长与银行信贷:格兰杰因果关系和短期效应，2001Q1 - 2016Q4

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.004

Emmanuel Alejandro Ramírez Guerra

引用次数: 12

Reflexiones en torno al estado actual de la ciencia económica 对经济科学现状的思考

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.002

Benjamín García Páez

引用次数: 1

Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’ Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform 从工资税转向企业所得税:2012年哥伦比亚税制改革后的企业就业和工资

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.51

Raquel Bernal, Marcela Meléndez, Marcela Eslava, Á. Pinzón

{"title":"Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes: Firms’ Employment and Wages after the 2012 Colombian Tax Reform","authors":"Raquel Bernal, Marcela Meléndez, Marcela Eslava, Á. Pinzón","doi":"10.31389/eco.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31389/eco.51","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The 2012 Colombian tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to health insurance by 13.5 percent, while also increasing corporate income taxes and leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under heated discussion in Latin America. The reform offers an ideal laboratory for studying empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll taxes in contrast to other taxes on firms. We analyze the impact of the reform on employment and wages using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in nonpublic firms in the country and a difference-in-differences approach that takes advantage of the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform. We find a positive average effect of 4.3 percent on employment and 2.7 percent on average firm wages, for the average firm. The employment effect is found only for micro and small firms, whereas the bulk of the employment is concentrated in medium and large firms, which show no significant effect. According to these estimates, about 145,000 new jobs were created between January and May of 2015 by virtue of the reform. These results are generally supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, though our findings on employment are less robust than those on wages, and large firms do not seem to have benefitted. The apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers is also a source of concern. We speculate that it may be due to these firms’ being more sensitive to the increase in corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, but lack of access to the relevant data prevents us from offering solid evidence regarding this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84917497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Inversión Extranjera Directa de China en América Latina y el Caribe, aspectos metodológicos y tendencias durante 2001-2016 2001-2016年中国对拉美和加勒比地区的外国直接投资、方法方面和趋势

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.001

Samuel Ortiz Velásquez

{"title":"Inversión Extranjera Directa de China en América Latina y el Caribe, aspectos metodológicos y tendencias durante 2001-2016","authors":"Samuel Ortiz Velásquez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article studies, at the methodological and empirical level, the behavior of China's <span>fdi</span> in Latin America and the Caribbean (<span>lac</span>). In the first part, the <span>oecd</span> directional approach is discussed, because its implementation is crucial for improving global <span>fdi</span> statistics. The approach suggests, among other things, the exclusion of Special Purpose Entities from <span>fdi</span> statistics, since their inclusion distorts the amount, origin and destination of the investment. The issue is crucial to China, because its companies usually direct their investments through third countries. The paper highlights the need to adequately distinguish <span>fdi</span> from other capital flows. In the empirical part, the methodology and trends of Chinese <span>fdi</span> in <span>lac</span> are presented for the period 2001-2016, based on the database of <span>Dussel Peters and Ortiz Velásquez (2017)</span>. The results show a high concentration of Chinese <span>fdi</span> in Brazil, Peru and Argentina. The main motivation of Chinese <span>fdi</span> continues to be the securing of raw materials. In addition, Chinese companies have increased their presence in the region through by acquiring or merging with large local enterprises, therefore their contribution to the expansion of the capital stock and employment is limited. Since 2010, China's <span>fdi</span> in infrastructure has grown, if this trend continues, China could contribute to reduce the regional trade imbalances and it could contribute to raise the low regional infrastructure investment ratio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86225506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Deceleration in Female Labor Force Participation in Latin America 拉丁美洲女性劳动力参与率下降

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.55

Leonardo Gasparini, M. Marchionni

引用次数: 17

Análisis del Impacto del Programa Oportunidades en el Ingreso Autónomo de sus Beneficiarios 分析机会计划对受益人自主收入的影响

Economía Informa Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.005

José Arturo Cerón Vargas , María del Carmen Hernández Eguiarte

{"title":"Análisis del Impacto del Programa Oportunidades en el Ingreso Autónomo de sus Beneficiarios","authors":"José Arturo Cerón Vargas , María del Carmen Hernández Eguiarte","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most representative instruments of social policy for fighting poverty in Mexico is the Oportunidades (opportunities in English) Program. Its performance on the demand side has generated positive results; however, the poverty figures have not presented a steady decline. Faced with this limitation, numerous studies held that poverty has to be attacked from the supply side, being the autonomous income generation the most significant anchor for this purpose. For this reason, and in order to determine the impact of the Oportunidades Program, for autonomous income generation, particularly on earnings from work, that is, if the Program promotes the creation of income from productive activities that contribute to overcoming the state of poverty and vulnerability in which millions of families live. Therefore, a Propensity Score Matching model is created on the recipient population of Oportunidades and its equivalent control group. The most significant finding was that membership of the program negatively impacts income for work, which means that being a participant does not promote the generation of earnings from work, thus requiring a change in strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2017.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86975455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4