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Downward Wage Rigidities in the Mexican Labor Market: 1996–2011 墨西哥劳动力市场的工资刚性下降:1996-2011
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1353/ECO.2018.0010
Laura Juárez, Daniel Casarin de la Cabada
{"title":"Downward Wage Rigidities in the Mexican Labor Market: 1996–2011","authors":"Laura Juárez, Daniel Casarin de la Cabada","doi":"10.1353/ECO.2018.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ECO.2018.0010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In this paper, we provide evidence of the existence and evolution of downward real and nominal wage rigidities in Mexico in the period 1996–2011, which was characterized by a reduction in the level and volatility of inflation. Our results suggest that, throughout the period, a much larger fraction of private sector workers, who stay in the same job from one year to another, are subject to downward real wage rigidities than to nominal ones. Nevertheless, the relative prevalence of nominal rigidities increases slightly as inflation decreases.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81130679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Contagion, Spillover, and Interdependence 传染、溢出和相互依赖
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.1353/ECO.2019.0002
R. Rigobón
{"title":"Contagion, Spillover, and Interdependence","authors":"R. Rigobón","doi":"10.1353/ECO.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ECO.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper reviews the empirical literature on international spillovers and contagion. Theoretical models of spillover and contagion imply that the reduced-form observable variables suffer from two possible sources of bias: endogeneity and omitted variables. These econometric problems, in combination with the heteroskedasticity that plagues the data, produce time-varying biases. Several empirical methodologies are evaluated from this perspective: nonparametric techniques, such as correlations and principal components; and parametric methods, such as OLS, VAR, event studies, ARCH, and nonlinear regressions. The paper concludes that there is no single technique that can solve the full-fledged problem and discusses three methodologies that can partially address some of the questions in the literature.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85329653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Assessing the Effect of Payroll Taxes on Formal Employment: The Case of the 2012 Tax Reform in Colombia 评估工资税对正式就业的影响:以2012年哥伦比亚税收改革为例
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-11 DOI: 10.32468/BE.971
L. Morales, C. Medina
{"title":"Assessing the Effect of Payroll Taxes on Formal Employment: The Case of the 2012 Tax Reform in Colombia","authors":"L. Morales, C. Medina","doi":"10.32468/BE.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32468/BE.971","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In 2013, Colombia implemented a tax reform that reduced payroll taxes by a total of 13.5 percentage points of wages. This paper evaluates the effects of this component of the 2012 Colombian tax reform on firms’ formal employment and average wages. We construct a panel of firms based on their employees’ administrative records. To account for the endogeneity of the treatment, we use an instrumental variables technique that exploits the exogenous variation from the decisions of firms that are similar to each other in several dimensions, but belong to different economic sectors. Based on our preferred specification, we estimate a positive and significant increase in formal employment, as a result of the implementation of the reform, of approximately 213,000 jobs in existing pre-reform firms. In the long run, these effects will increase to more than 600,000 jobs. The effect of the reform on the average wages paid by firms was also found to be positive for some sizes of firms, but the overall effect in the short run is rather small.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84960033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Diversidad en el sector tecnológico de baterías. Una propuesta metodológica basada en la medición de entropía con patentes 电池技术领域的多样性。一种基于熵测量的专利方法
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.004
Juan Reyes Álvarez
{"title":"Diversidad en el sector tecnológico de baterías. Una propuesta metodológica basada en la medición de entropía con patentes","authors":"Juan Reyes Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>El trabajo propone una metodología para la medición de la diversidad tecnológica, se considera la entropía como un indicador usando a las patentes y además se conceptualiza la evolución de la diversidad desde una propuesta de los sistemas complejos. Se toma como ejemplo el sector tecnológico de las baterías dada su relevancia actual en la economía.</p></div><div><p>This paper proposes a methodology to measure technological diversity. It is through Entropy (information theory Shannon) and patents as the indicator is constructed. The interpretation is based on the theory of complex systems and concepts of exploration and exploitation. The battery technology sector is the case study for its current importance in the economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78644464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Los precios a través de la economía de la información. Una aplicación entre el peso mexicano y el dólar estadounidense, 2014-2016 通过信息经济的价格。2014-2016年墨西哥比索和美元之间的应用
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.001
Javier Galán Figueroa
{"title":"Los precios a través de la economía de la información. Una aplicación entre el peso mexicano y el dólar estadounidense, 2014-2016","authors":"Javier Galán Figueroa","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this document, the economics of information theory is used to explain the impact of dollar auctions in the parity between the Mexican peso and the US dollar to the period of January 2014 and March 2016. For this is considered the George Stigler model which explains how the prices are determined in markets with asymmetric information. The results suggest that the strategy of dollar auctions was one of several other factors affecting the price dispersion dollar during the study period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89309450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Estadística de las trayectorias más exitosas en el juego de minorías 统计少数民族游戏中最成功的轨迹
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.002
Germán Medina Pérez
{"title":"Estadística de las trayectorias más exitosas en el juego de minorías","authors":"Germán Medina Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present paper considers the decision problem of the bar “El Farol”, posed by the economist Brian Arthur. From which the computational algorithm that simulates the decision problem with a large number of rational agents was developed, best known as the game of minorities. The game of minorities turns out to be a problem of game theory that exhibits the time competition that exists between adaptive rational agents. The complexity that characterizes the problem arises from the fact that people do not interact directly with each other, but through a common closed environment created by themselves. In addition to reproducing the most cited results of the same, we simulate a set of “mixed games” in order to contrast different memories to determine in which of them the agents involved in the game get better performance or better gains over time. So we study their statistical properties, more specifically, the statistical distribution that players’ earnings exhibit over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85316723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Causalidad entre ingresos y gastos públicos en México (1982-2015) 墨西哥政府收入与支出的因果关系(1982-2015)
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.003
Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo
{"title":"Causalidad entre ingresos y gastos públicos en México (1982-2015)","authors":"Eduardo Ramírez Cedillo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This document proposes the review of the relationship income-expenditure for the Mexican economy under the behavior they have had in the last 35 years can be described in four moments. The objective is to provide evidence of how the study period in the relationship of income and expenditures in the country has changed because of different events such as the restrictions on the expansion of spending, the achievement of fiscal discipline, high oil prices that have resulted in additional revenue, among other elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73833646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
La onda larga de los precios de alimentos 1990-2016 1990-2016年食品价格的长波
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.005
Edmar Salinas Callejas
{"title":"La onda larga de los precios de alimentos 1990-2016","authors":"Edmar Salinas Callejas","doi":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article analyzes the factors that determine the evolution and the behavior of food prices between 1990 to 2016. It emphasizes the global economy conditions which affect markets and its impact in the globalization process. Likewise, it reviews the particular situation on the economies that had decisive influence on this process like China, India, Brasil, South Africa and Russia. It concludes that the global economic slowdown has a positive impact on the decline of food prices and agricultural goods due to a growth rate decrease related to the supply on this goods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ecin.2016.11.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90983677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
School Infrastructure and Educational Outcomes: A Literature Review, with Special Reference to Latin America 学校基础设施与教育成果:文献回顾，特别参考拉丁美洲
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.47
Ana Cuesta, P. Glewwe, B. Krause
{"title":"School Infrastructure and Educational Outcomes: A Literature Review, with Special Reference to Latin America","authors":"Ana Cuesta, P. Glewwe, B. Krause","doi":"10.31389/eco.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31389/eco.47","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:International development agencies and country governments have called for greater resources to be devoted to education. While previous studies highlight the value of investing in education, they do not shed light on which specific educational investments should be pursued. This paper examines both the economics literature and the education literature published from 1990 to 2012 to assess the extent to which specific types of school infrastructure have a causal impact on student learning and enrollment. There is some evidence that school libraries and the creation of new schools leads to improved learning and enrollment. The literature also provides some evidence that toilets improve student learning, and that laboratories and drinking water facilities increase enrollment. Perhaps the main conclusion of this study is that the evidence base is weak, so more high-quality research is needed on the impact of infrastructure on learning and time in school in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Nowcasting Mexico’s Short-Term GDP Growth in Real-Time: A Factor Model versus Professional Forecasters 实时预测墨西哥短期GDP增长:一个因素模型与专业预测者
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.31389/eco.49
Marcelo Delajara, Federico Hernández Álvarez, Abel Rodríguez Tirado
{"title":"Nowcasting Mexico’s Short-Term GDP Growth in Real-Time: A Factor Model versus Professional Forecasters","authors":"Marcelo Delajara, Federico Hernández Álvarez, Abel Rodríguez Tirado","doi":"10.31389/eco.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31389/eco.49","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:We introduce a novel real-time database for the Mexican economy and propose a small-scale mixed-frequency dynamic factor model for nowcasting Mexico’s short-term GDP growth in real-time. We compare our factor-based backcasts, nowcasts, and forecasts with those of the consensus of the survey of professional forecasters during the period from the second quarter of 2008 through the second quarter of 2014. Our results suggest that our factor-based backcasts, nowcasts, and forecasts outperform those of the consensus of professional forecasters in real-time comparisons despite some structural instability during the 2008–09 crisis and its aftermath in 2010.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86075530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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