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Implications of Brazilian Institutional Guidelines on Educational Efficiency 巴西教育效率制度准则的含义
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1353/eco.2020.0009
Marcus Gerardus L. Nascimento, K. Becker, Mario Jorge Cardoso Mendonca
{"title":"Implications of Brazilian Institutional Guidelines on Educational Efficiency","authors":"Marcus Gerardus L. Nascimento, K. Becker, Mario Jorge Cardoso Mendonca","doi":"10.1353/eco.2020.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2020.0009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper investigates the relation between inefficiency in the Brazilian education system and municipal wealth, discussing how the current legislation possibly influences it. To that end, we apply a stochastic frontier model that accommodates covariates in the asymmetric error component to analyze the impact of per capita GDP on inefficiency. This methodology is applied to a data set on the Rio Grande do Sul municipalities for the years 2007 and 2017. The results indicate a positive effect, suggesting that richer municipalities are less efficient in allocating their resources.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80716783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Consequences of a Grabbing Hand: Five Selected Ways in Which Corruption Affects the Economy 掠夺之手的后果:腐败影响经济的五种选择方式
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.18800/economia.202001.004
Dante A. Urbina
{"title":"The Consequences of a Grabbing Hand: Five Selected Ways in Which Corruption Affects the Economy","authors":"Dante A. Urbina","doi":"10.18800/economia.202001.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18800/economia.202001.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a survey of the existing literature on the effects of corruption on economic growth, foreign direct investment, income inequality, human development, and natural resources sector. Both the theoretical arguments and the empirical evidence are considered. It is found that: i) Several studies support a negative impact of corruption on growth (sand the wheel hypothesis), but there are also studies supporting a positive impact (grease the wheels hypothesis); ii) Concerning the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment, the evidence is also mixed since there are studies supporting a negative effect (the “grabbing hand” view), a positive effect (the “helping hand” view), and even no significant effect; iii) The great majority of studies find that corruption generates more income inequality, although some studies find an inverse relationship in regions where the informal sector is large; iv) There is a strong consensus regarding that corruption hampers human development by affecting aspects like poverty, education and health; v) Most of studies show that there is a direct association between corruption and the natural resources sector, especially in the mining, oil and gas industries. In addition, research challenges of economics of corruption in aspects like the definition of corruption, multidisciplinary perspective, econometric specification, and data issues are discussed.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75926422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Jobs' Amenability to Working from Home: Evidence from Skills Surveys for 53 Countries 工作对在家工作的适应性:来自53个国家技能调查的证据
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9241
Maho Hatayama, Mariana Viollaz, Hernan Winkler
{"title":"Jobs' Amenability to Working from Home: Evidence from Skills Surveys for 53 Countries","authors":"Maho Hatayama, Mariana Viollaz, Hernan Winkler","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9241","url":null,"abstract":"We use skills surveys from 53 countries to estimate jobs’ amenability to working from home (WFH). Our measure combines data on self-reported jobs’ characteristics and home internet access into a standardized measure. We find that jobs’ amenability to WFH increases with economic development. Women, college graduates, and salaried and formal workers have jobs that are more amenable to WFH than the average. The opposite holds for workers in hotels and restaurants, construction, agriculture, and commerce. We validate our measure using longitudinal data from Chile and showing that WFH amenability correlates negatively with job losses between 2019 and 2020 and positively with the observed share of workers who worked from home in 2020. Finally, occupations explain less than one third of the variability in the WFH measure and its components, highlighting the importance of using individual-level data to assess jobs’ amenability to WFH.\u0000 \u0000JEL Classification Codes: J22; J61; O30","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90462833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 91
The Impact of Police Presence on Drug-Trade-Related Violence 警察存在对与毒品贸易有关的暴力的影响
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1353/eco.2019.0008
Emiliano Tealde
{"title":"The Impact of Police Presence on Drug-Trade-Related Violence","authors":"Emiliano Tealde","doi":"10.1353/eco.2019.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2019.0008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Rio de Janeiro hosted two major sports events in a two-year period: the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympic Games. After the announcements of the city as the host of these events, the government launched the Favela Pacification Program. The program consists in the expulsion of drug-trafficking organizations from territories where they used to exert a monopoly on violence. The identification strategy used in this paper exploits the time and space variation in the deployment of police forces and the organized crime structure of criminal activity in Rio de Janeiro to evaluate the causal effect of the program on criminal activity. The results indicate that the program caused a displacement of drug-trade-related violence. We also find that the program caused a reduction in violence in pacified territories, but this result may be the consequence of contamination of the control group.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82591949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sovereign Credit Ratings in Latin America and the Caribbean: History and Impact on Bond Spreads 拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的主权信用评级:历史及其对债券利差的影响
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1353/eco.2019.0011
I. Bustillo, Daniel E. Perrotti, Helvia Velloso
{"title":"Sovereign Credit Ratings in Latin America and the Caribbean: History and Impact on Bond Spreads","authors":"I. Bustillo, Daniel E. Perrotti, Helvia Velloso","doi":"10.1353/eco.2019.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2019.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this study, we examine the history of sovereign credit ratings in Latin America and the Caribbean, the evolution of credit quality, and the relationship between rating changes and the cost of accessing external financing as reflected in the behavior of sovereign bond spreads. We apply an event study to estimate the impact of credit rating changes on sovereign bond spreads in the past fifteen years. We find that the impact is asymmetric (with a larger impact for downgrades) and is sensitive to both spatial and temporal clustering. The results suggest that the quality of sovereign credit is important in determining the cost of access to private external financing.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76791535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Pension Income Indexation: A Mean-Variance Approach 养老金收入指数化:均值-方差方法
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1353/eco.2019.0007
Rodrigo Lluberas
{"title":"Pension Income Indexation: A Mean-Variance Approach","authors":"Rodrigo Lluberas","doi":"10.1353/eco.2019.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2019.0007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper proposes a theoretical framework to study pension income indexation from the retirees' point of view. The theoretical model is then used to calculate the optimal indexation measure for different cohorts of retirees using historical data from Uruguay. The results suggest that for most of the cohorts, but particularly for those retiring in the 1970s and 1990s, the optimal strategy would be to choose the consumer price index (CPI) as the pension income indexation measure. Even for cohorts retiring after the 1989 Constitutional reform that established the average nominal earnings index (ANEI) as the indexation measure, the CPI is still the preferred indexation measure. To show the robustness of the results, two alternative criteria are used to assess the two indexation measures, with similar results.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Productivity and Reallocation: Evidence from Ecuadorian Firm-Level Data 生产率和再分配:来自厄瓜多尔公司层面数据的证据
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.1353/eco.2019.0009
A. T. Ho, Kim P. Huynh, David T. Jacho-Chávez
{"title":"Productivity and Reallocation: Evidence from Ecuadorian Firm-Level Data","authors":"A. T. Ho, Kim P. Huynh, David T. Jacho-Chávez","doi":"10.1353/eco.2019.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2019.0009","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Ecuador, a developing small open economy, serves as an important case study for aggregate productivity growth and input reallocation. Since little is known about the economic performance of Ecuador with its crisis and reforms between 1998 and 2007, this paper uses a comprehensive microdata set from Ecuador's National Statistics and Census Institute to study Ecuadorian firm dynamics in that period. We find that the reallocation of factor inputs (2.6 percent) and technical efficiency growth (3.2 percent) on the intensive margin are the dominant sources of aggregate productivity growth. Net entry, as a channel of reallocation on the extensive margin, generally has minor effects (–0.1 percent) and contributes to productivity growth only in the later recovery period (2002–04).","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74701577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Note on Forecasting Daily Peruvian Stock Market Volatility Risk Using Intraday Returns 关于利用日内收益预测秘鲁股市每日波动风险的说明
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.18800/economia.201902.004
M. Zevallos
{"title":"A Note on Forecasting Daily Peruvian Stock Market Volatility Risk Using Intraday Returns","authors":"M. Zevallos","doi":"10.18800/economia.201902.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18800/economia.201902.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I present a model to forecast the daily Value at Risk (VaR) of the Peruvian stock market (measured through the general index of the Lima Stock Exchange: the IGBVL) based on intraday (high-frequency) data. Daily volatility is estimated using realised volatility and I adopted a regression quantile approach to calculate one-step predicted VaR values. The results suggest that the realised volatility is a useful measure to explain the Peruvian stock market volatility and I obtained sound results using quantile regression for risk estimation.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Economic Legacy of General Velasco: Long-Term Consequences of Interventionism 贝拉斯科将军的经济遗产:干预主义的长期后果
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.18800/economia.201902.005
César Martinelli, M. Vega
{"title":"The Economic Legacy of General Velasco: Long-Term Consequences of Interventionism","authors":"César Martinelli, M. Vega","doi":"10.18800/economia.201902.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18800/economia.201902.005","url":null,"abstract":"We apply synthetic control methods to study the long-term consequences of the interventionist and collectivist reforms implemented by the Peruvian military junta of 1968–1975. We compare long-term outcomes for the Peruvian economy following the radical reforms of the early 1970s with those of two controls made of similar countries, one chosen in the Latin American region and another one chosen from the world at large. We find that the economic legacy of the junta includes sizable loses in GDP along two decades, beyond those that can be attributed to adverse international circumstances. The evidence suggests that those loses can be attributed both to a decline in capital accumulation and to a fall in productivity.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83432241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Probit Models for Grouped-data Migration Flows: A Theoretical Note 分组数据迁移流的概率模型:一个理论注释
Economía Informa Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.18800/economia.201902.001
C. Chasco, P. Aroca, L. Anselin
{"title":"Probit Models for Grouped-data Migration Flows: A Theoretical Note","authors":"C. Chasco, P. Aroca, L. Anselin","doi":"10.18800/economia.201902.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18800/economia.201902.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this theoretical note, we propose the GProbit model as an alternative to gravity models to esti-mate grouped-data flows. This is a model based on the random utility theory, which is consistentwith the principle of population behavior. Instead of migrant counts, the dependent variable ofthe GProbit model of flows consists of a number of observed proportions. It allows explaining thepropensity to migrate from any origin to a destination, which is an interesting relative conceptnot affected by the size effect. For this reason, it is expected to have better fit and less problemsof non-normality, as illustrated by an application for the internal migration flows of the Spanishregions.","PeriodicalId":100390,"journal":{"name":"Economía Informa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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