Crop and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Hubei Province, China","authors":"Fei Wang,&nbsp;Kehui Cui,&nbsp;Jianliang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice ratooning is gaining more attentions in China because it helps cope with several challenges in rice production, such as food security, labor shortage, low economic benefits and climate change. Hubei Province which is located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River valley is one of the important regions for ratoon rice with a planting area of 213,000 ​ha in recent years, and has made significant progresses in physiological and agronomic studies of ratoon rice. Especially in last decade, the establishment and dissemination of mechanized ratooning rice system was initiated in Hubei. Currently, the average ratoon crop and annual yields of mechanized ratooning rice system could exceed 5.25 and 15.00 ​t ​ha⁻¹, respectively, in farmers’ ​field using cultivars such as Fengliangyouxiang1, Liangyou6326 and Yongyou4949 in major ratoon rice growing counties such as Honghu, Qichun and Shayang. In the present review, we summarized the development course of ratoon rice in Hubei with respect to the government policy support, planting area, variety selection, management practices and physiological studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in China","authors":"Shaobing Peng ,&nbsp;Chang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice ratooning is an ancient technology with limited adoption in the past due to low and unstable grain yield in the ratoon crop. Manual harvesting of the main crop also limited the widespread of this technology due to labor shortage. Mechanized rice ratooning technology with the main crop harvested mechanically has been developed in China over the past ten years. Key practices for achieving high yield in mechanized rice ratooning system are variety selection, optimization of planting date, proper water and fertilizer management, and optimal straw cutting height. With implementation of those key practices, the grain yield of ratoon rice has increased significantly, especially in the ratoon season. Farmers could produce the grain yield as much as 9–10 ​t ​ha⁻¹ in the main season and 5–6 ​t ​ha⁻¹ in the ratoon season in the mechanized rice ratooning system. The improvement of the grain yield has stimulated the area expansion of mechanized ratoon rice in China. Rapid development of mechanized rice ratooning technology in China strongly suggests that this technology is the most effective in increasing total rice production with reduced labor requirement and other agronomic inputs. In this review, following questions will be answered. Why is the grain yield of the mechanized ratoon rice so high in China? What are the challenges and solutions for further upscaling of ratoon rice in China? What is the future outlook of ratoon rice development in China?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing photosystem antenna size by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis: A double-edged sword for photosynthetic efficiency","authors":"Linxiong Mao ,&nbsp;Qingfeng Song ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zai Shi ,&nbsp;Faming Chen ,&nbsp;Gen-yun Chen ,&nbsp;Huiqiong Zheng ,&nbsp;Xin-Guang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving photosynthetic efficiency has long been considered as an important strategy to increase crop yield. Optimization of antenna size of photosynthetic systems is one strategy to increase plant photosynthetic efficiency. However, applying this strategy to improve photosynthesis received conflicting results, and the reasons behind these conflicts are unclear. In this study, we constructed transgenic rice with amiRNA targeting to <em>YGL1</em>, which encodes a key enzyme of chlorophyll a/b synthesis in chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway, to generate different lines with different leaf chlorophyll contents and antenna sizes to test under what conditions reduction of antenna size can improve photosynthesis. We found that leaf photosynthesis, canopy photosynthesis (A_c), biomass and grain yield of the heterozygote were not significantly different from those of wild type (WT) while the A_c, biomass and yield of the homozygote were lower than those of WT. Further, when the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) was larger than 0.8, decreasing antenna size by reducing chlorophyll biosynthesis didn't affect leaf photosynthesis. In view of this phenomenon, we proposed that the accumulation of protoporphyrin and the reduced photoprotection capacity might be the cause of the decrease in F_v/F_m and A_c. Therefore, this study shows that reduction of antenna size by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis can lead to improved light distribution and photosystem efficiency, as long as photodamage and photobleaching can be avoided to maintain the photosystem II efficiency. The double-edged sword effect of inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis on photosynthetic efficiency should be considered when the antenna size is manipulated to gain higher photosynthesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Guangdong Province, China","authors":"Xiangyu Hu ,&nbsp;Mengjuan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenbiao Huang ,&nbsp;Zhijian Wu ,&nbsp;Binfeng Su ,&nbsp;Zuohong Wen ,&nbsp;Youqiang Fu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Pan ,&nbsp;Yanzhuo Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Meijuan Li ,&nbsp;Kaiming Liang ,&nbsp;Xuhua Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanized ratoon rice has the advantages of low labor requirement, low costs, and high profit. In 1970s scientists and technicians in Guangdong made intensive efforts on the research and extension of cultivation technique of traditional manual-harvested ratoon rice. Recently substantial progresses in the development of low-stubble mechanized rice ratooning technology have been achieved as follows: (1) Suitable cultivars, such as Meixiangzhan2 and Qingxiangyou132, with high ratooning ability for ratoon rice system have been identified; (2) Studies revealed that the ratooning ability of rice was significantly related to the crop traits at grain-filling stage of main crop such as light transmission ratio, root activity, leaf SPAD value attenuation, and culm and sheath weight stem⁻¹; (3) Fertilizer nitrogen (N) management strategy consisting of the late and light application of bud-promoting N and the heavy application of tiller-promoting N and panicle-promoting N has been developed. Reasonable water management method including digging surrounding ditch, draining field twice in main crop, and keeping soil wet during the initiation of axillary buds has been established; and (4) Demonstrations of low-stubble mechanized rice ratooning technology were carried out from 2017 to 2022. The ratoon crop yield ranged from 4.10 to 6.92 ​t ​ha⁻¹ and increased year by year. Further efforts should be made on screening or breeding more cultivars suitable for mechanized ratoon rice, better understanding of the mechanisms of initiation of axillary buds and growth of regenerated tillers, and developing combine harvesters with less stubble damage. We believe that as the agro-food system transformation strengthens the mechanized rice ratooning will become one of the promising cropping systems in Guangdong as well as in South China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity is nature's gift for the survival of the human race: Some reflections","authors":"Gurdev S. Khush","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiversity is one of the most used expressions in the biological sciences and has become a household word. Biodiversity is defined as all hereditarily based variation at all levels of organization from genes within a single population or species to the species comprising all or a part of a local community and finally to the communities themselves that compose the living parts of multifarious ecosystems of the world. The study of biodiversity became most important in the areas of systematics, ecology and in related fields of biology. Even physical scientists, geographers and artists were drawn into discussions. The subject has become important and today we have biodiversity science, biodiversity studies as popular disciplines, and a research institute on biodiversity, the so-called <em>Biodiversity International</em>. This review which is based on my personal experiences is aimed at understanding the concept of biodiversity, historical background, including its potential benefits, and emerging complexity involved with the implementation of free germplasm exchanges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences and mechanisms of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in rice varieties with different yield levels","authors":"Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Shenqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Siyu Li ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Weilu Wang ,&nbsp;Weiyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Junfei Gu ,&nbsp;Jianchang Yang ,&nbsp;Lijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-anthesis dry matter accumulation (PDMA) plays an important role in yield, but the differences and mechanisms of PDMA among rice varieties with different yield levels are still unclear. Field experiments were conducted using six rice varieties with medium, high, and super high yield levels selected to not only analyze the relationship between PDMA and yield but also compare the physiological indexes among different varieties. The effects of grain fertilizer on PDMA and yield were also observed. PDMA and apparent transferred mass of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in stems from heading to maturity were significantly positively correlated with yield. The physiological indexes (root oxidation activity, zeatin ​+ ​zeatin riboside contents in roots and leaves, and leaf photosynthetic rate) at 0–20 days after anthesis (DAA) of super high-yielding varieties were significantly higher than those of medium-yielding and high-yielding varieties. In addition, the α-amylase activity in stems at 30–50 DAA of super high-yielding varieties was significantly higher than other varieties. Compared with no grain fertilizer application rate (GFAR), the GFAR for maximum yield and yield increase of super high-yielding varieties were higher than other varieties. The above physiological indexes at 10–20 DAA were increased under GFAR at 54 ​kg ​ha⁻¹. The α-amylase activity at 30–50 DAA was inhibited under GFAR at 81 ​kg ​ha⁻¹ that hindered NSC translocation, resulting in decreased yield. Our results indicated that higher PDMA and NSC translocation were the crucial characteristics that benefited the yield formation of super high-yielding rice varieties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 262-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000508/pdfft?md5=04c1d1829e6ee0c29b0db142f074285c&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000508-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83415736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of storage reserves and their mobilization during seed germination under drought stress conditions of rapeseed cultivars with high and low oli contents","authors":"Maria Batool ,&nbsp;Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ,&nbsp;Chunyun Wang ,&nbsp;Ibrahim A.A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Zongkai Wang ,&nbsp;Ahmad Khatab ,&nbsp;Fahad Bashir ,&nbsp;Zhenghua Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Kuai ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seed germination is one of the complex traits in the plant life cycle, which is accomplished by the interaction of various complex processes including seed reserve mobilization and utilization under various environmental conditions. Since seed reserves can influence seed germination, the quantitative and qualitative differences in seed reserves may relate to the germination characteristics of rapeseed seeds. Therefore, we hypothesized the positive relationship between seed germination and mobilization process of seed reserves during the seed imbibition of two rapeseed cultivars with high and low oil contents under normal and drought stress conditions. Herein, we measured the initial absorption of water and seed microstructure during seed imbibition, besides, we also determined seed germination parameters, osmolytes, enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation, and fatty acid composition in both rapeseed cultivars. Our results displayed that the high oil content cultivar (QY1) showed a higher germination percentage with higher water absorption during the seed imbibition under drought stress conditions. Moreover, seed microstructural analysis indicated that oil bodies (OBs) were surrounding the protein storage vacuoles (PBs) compartment and cell periphery, the gap between OBs was increased to some extent, and boundaries became blurred in QY1 under drought stress conditions. Besides, the number of oil bodies was higher, while their area was lower, which might provide more energy for the germination process. Furthermore, the active metabolism of protein, sugar, and proline in QY1 was higher than ZYZ108 under normal and drought stress conditions, which might be closely related to the accretion of osmoregulatory substances that improved water uptake, thereby improving seed germination. Additionally, unsaturated fatty acids were higher in QY1 than ZYZ108, which provide greater protection against drought stress damages. Besides, QY1 exhibited high efficiency of defense system, which reduced malonaldehyde (MDA) content, hence ameliorating the oxidative damage due to drought stress. Taken together, this investigation provides new insight into the role of seed reserves as energy resources in the germination process in high oil content seeds of rapeseed cultivars, especially under drought stress conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000405/pdfft?md5=53bfee71738a27fb1dafc4365eba5e59&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72293781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical topping with 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride increases lint yield and defoliation of cotton by improving canopy development","authors":"Feng Shi ,&nbsp;Yu Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Shi ,&nbsp;Xianzhe Hao ,&nbsp;Nannan Li ,&nbsp;Junhong Li ,&nbsp;Hongxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Qi Liang ,&nbsp;Huanyong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical topping with 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride (DPC) has been considered a promising measure to inhibit apical dominance in cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L.). However, knowledge of the plant growth and canopy development of cotton under chemical topping with DPC remains limited, and the effect of this practice on lint yield and defoliation is unclear. A two-year (2019–2020) field experiment was conducted with two varieties, Xinluzao 60 (L60, DPC-insensitive) and Jinken1402 (JK1402, DPC-sensitive), and four topping methods, manual topping (MT), no topping (NT), DPC⁺ (fortified DPC) and DPC. We found that the lint yields of L60 and JK1402 treated with DPC were equivalent to those of L60 and JK1402 treated with DPC⁺ but were enhanced by 0.9–4.7% in L60 and 6.7–11.8% in JK1402 relative to those under MT and NT, with no significant difference in fiber quality. This was mainly due to the change in plant growth and canopy structure. In particular, compared with MT, application of DPC shortened the upper branches and extended the duration of the leaf area index peak. Moreover, in the late reproductive period, DPC application increased the number of upper leaves and reduced diffuse noninterceptance. Notably, the light transmittance rate (LLR) of JK1402 treated with DPC was higher than that of MT in the middle and lower parts of the canopy. Furthermore, there was positive correlation between LLR and defoliation rate. Therefore, chemical topping with DPC provided an effective alternative for manual topping.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X2200048X/pdfft?md5=2c577be94b34d86b6d2457721c1feae5&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X2200048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80829705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep placement of lime nitrogen reduces the nitrate leaching and promotes soybean growth and seed yield","authors":"Takuji Ohyama ,&nbsp;Keisuke Ikebe ,&nbsp;Sotaro Okuoka ,&nbsp;Tomoya Ozawa ,&nbsp;Takuya Nishiura ,&nbsp;Taiga Ishiwata ,&nbsp;Ayane Yamazaki ,&nbsp;Fumu Tanaka ,&nbsp;Toru Takahashi ,&nbsp;Takumi Umezawa ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Ohshima ,&nbsp;Taku Kato ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Maeda ,&nbsp;Akihiro Saito ,&nbsp;Kyoko Higuchi ,&nbsp;Norikuni Ohtake ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Takahashi ,&nbsp;Naoki Harada ,&nbsp;Naoko Ohkama-Ohtsu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep placement of coated urea, lime nitrogen (Lime N), or urea with a nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP-U) did not inhibit N fixation activity, and it promoted soybean growth and seed yield. However, the effect of deep placement on the N budget including N leaching has not been evaluated. In this research, soybean plants were cultivated with a basal deep placement of urea, Lime N, or DMPP-U, and the control without deep placement of N fertilizer in lysimeters filled with Andosols. The nitrate was the principal N leachate and most of them leached until the flowering stage. The total amount of leached nitrate was the highest in urea deep placement, and it was reduced by the deep placement of Lime N or DMPP-U. In 2020, the total amount of nitrate in the leachate during the cultivation was 0.95, 1.83, and 2.78 ​g ​N m⁻² in control, Lime N, and urea, respectively. The seed yield was higher in Lime N (424 ​g ​m⁻²) and urea (399 ​g ​m⁻²) than in the control (267 ​g ​m⁻²). The total amount of N accumulated in the shoots was higher in Lime N (32.1 ​g ​N m⁻²) than in the control (26.5 ​g ​N m⁻²) and urea (24.2 ​g ​N m⁻²) treatments. These results indicated that soybean plants with Lime N might assimilate more N both from N fertilizer and N₂ fixation compared with control plants. Soil incubation test confirmed that the Lime N or DMPP-U retarded nitrification than urea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000399/pdfft?md5=4227ab924856b7d077afefa7318e63e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000399-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72293736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vernalization and photoperiod alleles greatly affected phenological and agronomic traits in bread wheat under autumn and spring sowing conditions","authors":"Aduragbemi Amo ,&nbsp;Dauren Serikbay ,&nbsp;Luxing Song ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Yin-Gang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The responses to temperature (vernalization) and day length (photoperiod) in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) are mainly defined by allelic differences at the respective <em>VRN-1</em> and <em>PPD-1</em> loci, which greatly affect wheat phenology and adaptability. Using molecular markers, a panel of 61 diverse bread wheat varieties was genotyped for <em>VRN-1</em> and <em>PPD-1</em> alleles, and the traits were evaluated under two conditions by sowing in autumn and spring to investigate the impact of these genes and their alleles on phenological stages, morphological and yield traits. The results revealed that the earlier heading and flowering conferred by the dominant alleles of <em>VRN-1</em> and the insensitive alleles of <em>PPD-1</em> genes were consistent under both the autumn and spring sowing conditions. The effects of a single dominant allele of the three <em>VRN-1</em> genes were similar whereas the effects of a single insensitive allele of the three <em>PPD-1</em> genes differed, with <em>Ppd-D1a</em> stronger than <em>Ppd-B1a</em> while <em>Ppd-A1a</em> was the least. Varieties sown under spring conditions recorded a larger flag leaf area than those sown under autumn conditions regardless of the allelic influence at the <em>VRN-1</em> and <em>PPD-1</em> loci. When compared to other genes, <em>PPD-D1</em> had a consistent and significant effect on flag leaf area, spike length, and plant height across both sowing conditions. Furthermore, the varieties with <em>Ppd-D1b</em> had larger biomass across both sowing conditions, but this did not translate into increased yield because the <em>Ppd-D1a</em> recorded a higher yield. The impact of <em>PPD-D1</em> gene on grain yield was evident across both sowing conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 241-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X22000491/pdfft?md5=e816f28a96aaf1491b76c17e12e9a314&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X22000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72293780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}