Crop and Environment最新文献_第5页

Integrated impacts of irrigation and nitrogen management for balancing winter wheat yield and greenhouse gas emissions 灌溉和氮肥管理对冬小麦产量和温室气体排放平衡的综合影响

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.06.001

Hongzheng Shen, Shilei Li, Kexin Sun, Yunhe Gao, Yanxin Liu, Xiaoyi Ma

{"title":"Integrated impacts of irrigation and nitrogen management for balancing winter wheat yield and greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Hongzheng Shen, Shilei Li, Kexin Sun, Yunhe Gao, Yanxin Liu, Xiaoyi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Irrigation and nitrogen (N) input are effective methods of balancing crop yields and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effects of irrigation and N management on the GHG emission of winter wheat production systems have not yet been well documented. Therefore, we conducted 2-year field experiments on winter wheat and studied the effects of irrigation and N reduction/replacement on GHG emissions, grain yield, global warming potential (GWP), and GHG emission intensity (GHGI). The winter wheat was irrigated once or twice with 60 or 90 mm each time. Five N reduction/replacement treatments were no N application (CK), 25% traditional urea (U) reduction (75%U), traditional U (U), 25% reduction in polymer-coated U (PCU), and 25% reduction in traditional U combined with organic fertilizers (U + OM). The results indicated that N reduction/replacement significantly reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, but had no significant effect on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Soil water-filled pore space was the same key factor affecting the emission fluxes of N<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>. Soil temperature significantly affected the fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> (P < 0.001). Irrigation treatment did not exhibit a significant effect on grain yield, but high irrigation input increased the GWP and GHGI. Compared with U, the grain yield of CK, 75%U, PCU, and U + OM increased by −46%, −9.2%, −1.8%, and 5.4%, respectively; GWP decreased by 35.9%, 11.6%, 7.3%, and 2.7%, respectively; and GHGI decreased by −22.1%, 3.1%, 6.0%, and 8.0%, respectively. Therefore, sustainable production goals of increasing grain yield and reducing GHG emissions were achieved with N reduction/replacement using U + OM and low irrigation input of 60 mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Hunan Province, China 湖南省水稻再生产技术的进展与挑战

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.002

Weiqin Wang, Huabin Zheng, Yuanwei Chen, Dan Zou, Youyi Luo, Qiyuan Tang

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Hunan Province, China","authors":"Weiqin Wang, Huabin Zheng, Yuanwei Chen, Dan Zou, Youyi Luo, Qiyuan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the largest rice production province in China, the ratoon rice in Hunan has rapidly developed in recent years in the aspects of planting area, total production, and cultivation technologies. The present review is undertaken to summarize the past and current status and the key practices of ratoon rice production in Hunan. The planting area of ratoon rice in Hunan was 267,000 ha in 2019, with the average yield of 7.50–10.50 t ha<sup>−1</sup> and 2.30–6.00 t ha<sup>−1</sup> in the main and ratoon seasons, respectively. The grain quality in ratoon season is similar to or even better than that of late-season rice, but the relatively poor grain quality in the main season limits the profits for farmers. In recent years, research on the cultivation technology of ratoon rice has been widely conducted in Hunan, which led to the development of a series of key practices for ratoon rice production with regard to variety selection, sowing dates, crop establishment, fertilizer and water management, straw cutting height and harvesting time, and the controls of pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses. However, the constraints in policy intervention, as well as the large yield gap, have greatly limited the further expansion of ratoon rice in Hunan. To further promote ratoon rice production in Hunan, the innovation and extension of fully mechanized ratoon rice cultivation technologies, breeding and chemical regulation approaches to enhance ratooning ability, and support from the local government regarding policy, infrastructure, demonstration, and training must be strengthened in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Chongqing Municipality, China 重庆市水稻再生产技术进展与挑战

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.003

Wujun Zhang , Xiujian Duan , Xiong Yao , Qiangming Liu , Renpeng Xiao , Xianwei Zhang , Xia Luo , Yongqun Tang , Yanjie Yao , Jingyong Li

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Chongqing Municipality, China","authors":"Wujun Zhang , Xiujian Duan , Xiong Yao , Qiangming Liu , Renpeng Xiao , Xianwei Zhang , Xia Luo , Yongqun Tang , Yanjie Yao , Jingyong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ratoon rice, the production of second crop from the dormant buds on the stubble after harvesting of the main crop, is considered an economic, environment-sound, and resource-efficient cropping system. This paper summarized the research progress of ratoon rice in Chongqing Municipality, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China in the past 30 years, and analyzed the physiological mechanisms behind the rice varieties with strong ratooning ability and the key practices for achieving high yield of ratoon rice. Ratooning ability and grain yield of the ratoon crop are highly and positively correlated with the initiation and growth of axillary buds, which can be promoted by optimizing variety selection, nutrient and water management, crop establishment method, stubble height, and harvesting method of the main crop. With implementation of those key practices, the grain yield could reach as high as 7.2 t ha<sup>−1</sup> of the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested manually. Due to the shortage of rural labor, mechanical harvesting of the main crop becomes an inevitable option for the sustainable development of ratoon rice. In the future studies, there is need to develop specialized harvesting machines and crop management strategies for reducing the rolling damage to stubbles during mechanical harvesting of the main crop, and consequently achieving high and stable yield of mechanized ratoon rice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49710334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of high night temperature on leaf senescence, physiological activity, and growth in soybean 夜间高温对大豆叶片衰老、生理活性和生长的影响

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.08.001

Taiyu Lin, Yang Lu, Yuki Okamoto, Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa

{"title":"Effect of high night temperature on leaf senescence, physiological activity, and growth in soybean","authors":"Taiyu Lin, Yang Lu, Yuki Okamoto, Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physiological processes that cause a negative growth response to high night temperatures (HNTs) were investigated in soybean. An HNT (28°C) was established in a phytotron during the first (HL) and second (LH) halves of the reproductive stage and the entire (HH) reproductive stage, along with a continuously low (LL) night temperature (22°C). Plant biomass was lower in HH than that in LL, whereas the harvest index was relatively stable. N accumulation in the plants tended to decline with HNT. The leaf area and leaf N concentration tended to be lower in HL and HH than in LL, suggesting an earlier onset of leaf senescence under HNT in the early reproductive stage. The light-saturated leaf photosynthetic rate was lower in HH than in LL during the late reproductive stage, associated with a low stomatal conductance and leaf photosynthetic rate per intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. A slower rise in the leaf photosynthetic rate in the morning occurred likely because of the HNT, coinciding with the low leaf water potential at predawn and low leaf photosynthetic rate to intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ratio. A moderately increasing gradient of night temperature from 21.7 to 23.9°C was created in a mini-field in another experiment using a temperature gradient chamber, and in this experiment, crop growth and N dynamics were similar to those obtained in the phytotron study. These results suggest that the biomass growth of soybean is affected by HNT, particularly during the early reproductive stage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 184-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773126X23000539/pdfft?md5=1a668bc0b05896defe3aa7260b66d4d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2773126X23000539-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77670819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agriculture in silico: Perspectives on radiative transfer optimization using vegetation modeling 计算机农业:利用植被模型对辐射转移优化的展望

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.003

Yujie Wang, Yi Yin

{"title":"Agriculture in silico: Perspectives on radiative transfer optimization using vegetation modeling","authors":"Yujie Wang, Yi Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advancing crop yield within limited agricultural land use is crucial to alleviate potential food shortages from the increasing world population. While genetic breeding holds great potential in improving crop yield, real-world practices are often constrained by the limitations of scaling the laboratory findings with respect to coupled environmental feedback and limited tools to project the optimal strategies based on environment and crop traits such as crop density management. Aided by a process- and trait-based vegetation model, we review and theoretically evaluate approaches that aim to improve crop yield through canopy radiative transfer optimization. The evaluated approaches include trait breeding (e.g. leaf color and chlorophyll action spectrum), canopy structure (e.g. canopy density and spacing), and environment manipulation (e.g. supplemental radiation intensity and source). We prototype vegetation modeling applications that can theoretically explore the potentials of a number of approaches at various setups that otherwise require tremendous effort in the real world, and propose to use vegetation modeling to guide more efficient agricultural practices. Future elaborations in vegetation modeling with respect to more physiological representations of vegetation processes, quantification of maintenance costs, and utilization of remote sensing data would further advance the utilization of modeling in agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smallholder maize yield estimation using satellite data and machine learning in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚利用卫星数据和机器学习估算小农玉米产量

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.002

Zhe Guo , Jordan Chamberlin , Liangzhi You

{"title":"Smallholder maize yield estimation using satellite data and machine learning in Ethiopia","authors":"Zhe Guo , Jordan Chamberlin , Liangzhi You","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lack of timely, high-resolution data on agricultural production is a major challenge in developing countries where such information can guide the allocation of scarce resources for food security, agricultural investment, and other objectives. While much research has suggested that remote sensing can potentially help to address these gaps, few studies have indicated the immediate potential for large-scale estimations over both time and space. In this study we described a machine learning approach to estimate smallholder maize yield in Ethiopia, using well-measured and broadly distributed ground truth data and freely available spatiotemporal covariates from remote sensing. A neural networks model outperforms other algorithms in our study. Importantly, our work indicates that a model developed and calibrated on a previous year's data can be used to reasonably estimate maize yield in the subsequent year. Our study suggests the feasibility of developing national programs for the routine generation of broad-scale, high-resolution estimates of smallholder maize yield, including seasonal forecasts, on the basis of machine learning algorithms and well-measured ground control data and currently existing time series satellite data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 165-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49732206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in the south of Henan Province, China 豫南水稻再生产技术的进展与挑战

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.002

Qiang Zhang , Xiangchen Liu , Guilong Yu , Haiying Zhao , Daqing Feng , Mengxuan Gu , Tao Zhu , Xu Kuang , Bingbing Li

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in the south of Henan Province, China","authors":"Qiang Zhang , Xiangchen Liu , Guilong Yu , Haiying Zhao , Daqing Feng , Mengxuan Gu , Tao Zhu , Xu Kuang , Bingbing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice ratooning technology is on the rise in Henan Province of China, an area that has traditionally been considered unsuitable for ratoon rice due to limited thermal resources. In this review, we presented the current status of ratoon rice production in South Henan and reviewed the research progress on variety selection, high-yielding crop management practice, and innovative ratoon rice-based cropping system in this region. The key practices for high-yielding ratoon rice production include using short to medium duration rice varieties, early planting, early harvesting, and high cutting height. As a result of the introduction of these high-yielding practices, the harvested area of ratoon rice has increased to 40,000 ha annually in South Henan in recent years. Meanwhile, ratoon rice production in South Henan is facing several challenges and constraints, such as chilling injury at seedling stage, inappropriate N fertilizer management, and large yield losses in ratoon season due to rolling damage from mechanical harvesting of the main crop. Nonetheless, these issues could be addressed by placing particular emphasis on optimizing seedling-raising system, selecting rice varieties with high resistance to mechanical rolling, and fine-tuning crop management practices for mechanized rice ratooning. As such, we believe that this review will shed light on the development of ratoon rice in Henan and other regions with limited thermal resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Anhui Province, China 安徽省水稻再生产技术进展与挑战

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.003

Min Xi , Youzun Xu , Zhong Li , Run Hu , Taiping Cheng , Yongjin Zhou , Debao Tu , Yalan Ji , Xiujuan Xu , Xueyuan Sun , Wenge Wu

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Anhui Province, China","authors":"Min Xi , Youzun Xu , Zhong Li , Run Hu , Taiping Cheng , Yongjin Zhou , Debao Tu , Yalan Ji , Xiujuan Xu , Xueyuan Sun , Wenge Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ratoon rice cultivation has expanded to improve resource use efficiency, increase economic profits, and ensure food security in China in recent years. This article reviewed the development history and research progress of ratoon rice in Anhui Province, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Key cultivation technologies related to rice variety selection, planting patterns, fertilizer and water management strategies, as well as harvesting methods and stubble heights of the main crop for high-yielding ratoon rice were summarized. Particularly, we described three types of rice ratooning technologies in Anhui, including the technologies for medium-duration <em>indica</em> hybrid variety with the main crop harvested mechanically at high stubble height, for <em>indica-japonica</em> hybrid variety with the main crop harvested mechanically at medium stubble height, and for short-duration <em>indica</em> variety with the main crop harvested mechanically at low stubble height. Additionally, this review analyzed several challenges for the sustainable development of ratoon rice in Anhui, such as poor understanding of mechanisms underlying simultaneous improvement of high yield and high quality, the lack of rice varieties with strong ratooning ability, the yield loss from mechanical harvesting of the main crop, the unstable grain yield due to adverse weather, and the insufficient financial support for R&D. Finally, the prospects for further development of ratoon rice were proposed, including technology development and dissemination, farmers' training, and profit-boosting from premium products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Jiangxi Province, China 江西省水稻再生产技术的进展与挑战

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.005

Li Xiong , Zengbing Liu , Ping Wang , Xiyue Lin , Guowei Wang , Qiubao Li , Wenxue Zhang , Guangrong Liu , Caihong Shao

{"title":"Progress and challenges of rice ratooning technology in Jiangxi Province, China","authors":"Li Xiong , Zengbing Liu , Ping Wang , Xiyue Lin , Guowei Wang , Qiubao Li , Wenxue Zhang , Guangrong Liu , Caihong Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crope.2023.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review was undertaken to summarize the development, experience, and challenges of ratoon rice cultivation over 50 years in Jiangxi Province, China. As the growing labor shortage in the last decade, rice ratooning technology with the main crop harvested mechanically has widely spread and quickly replaced the traditional ratoon rice under manual harvesting. However, rolling damage caused by harvesting machines becomes a critical factor for yield loss in the ratoon season. Some key agronomic practices including variety selection, optimal planting time, nutrient and water management, etc. were discussed here for minimizing rolling damage and achieving high grain yield in the ratoon crop under mechanical harvesting. Besides, some innovative crop rotation systems have been attempted by integrating ratoon rice with duck farming or fragrant taro for reducing weeds and disease incidences and improving farmers' profit. At last, this review analyzed the challenges and opportunities for further expansion of ratoon rice production in Jiangxi from the perspective of cultivation technology, rice market, and government policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100340,"journal":{"name":"Crop and Environment","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49708409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of nanomaterials for improving plant salt tolerance 纳米材料提高植物耐盐性的机理

Crop and Environment Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crope.2023.03.002

Chengcheng Fu , Mohammad Nauman Khan , Jiasen Yan , Xiaolu Hong , Fameng Zhao , Lingling Chen , Huixin Ma , Yanhui Li , Jiaqi Li , Honghong Wu

引用次数: 1