Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in fine arts: A systematic review of empirical research","authors":"Atte Oksanen ,&nbsp;Anica Cvetkovic ,&nbsp;Nalan Akin ,&nbsp;Rita Latikka ,&nbsp;Jenna Bergdahl ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Nina Savela","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are quickly transforming the traditional fields of fine arts and raise questions of AI challenging human creativity. AI tools can be used in creative processes and analysis of fine art, such as painting, music, and literature. They also have potential in enhancing artistic events, installations, and performances. In this systematic review, we investigated empirical studies on the use of AI in fine arts We gathered the data from three major bibliographic databases. After an initial search, we screened 723 articles based on pre-established inclusion criteria, resulting in 44 studies. Over half concerned visual arts, such as paintings and drawings, and one quarter concerned music. Experimental studies focused on human responses to AI art showed that people generally do not recognize the difference between human-made and AI-made art, but human-made art was valued more than AI-made art in some studies. The power of AI lies in the analysis of large-scale datasets. Case studies have reported development of an AI painter, DJ, performance artist, and music accompaniment for improvisations. AI tools have been applied to enhance consumer experience in online art shops and to provide virtual reality (VR) access to historical cathedrals. Fast development of AI will likely pose a challenge for the current concept and understanding of fine arts. AI challenging human creativity is one of the most powerful signs of the cultural and societal transformation stemming from AI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual selfhood and consumer behavior: Exploring avatar attachment and consumption patterns in Second Life's metaverse","authors":"Maria Kalyvaki,&nbsp;Heather McIntosh,&nbsp;Kyle Nash","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the vast digital landscape of the Metaverse, users can create and personalize their avatars as virtual representations of themselves. This study delves into the emotions users experience in relation to their avatars and examines how this attachment influences their consumption behaviors within the virtual world. The research employed a sample of 214 active users participating in Second Life, a prominent virtual world platform. By analyzing survey data, we explore the dynamics of self-presentation and attachment between users and their virtual personas across this well-established platform. Our research offers valuable contributions to the existing literature on the Metaverse, providing empirical evidence on how virtual reality platforms like Second Life foster avatar customization and how this, in turn, affects consumer behavior. As the Metaverse gains prominence in the business world, understanding the habits and preferences of virtual reality users is increasingly crucial. We aim to enhance our understanding of consumer behavior by incorporating attachment theory into our research on long-standing virtual environments like Second Life. Our study of Second Life provides valuable insights into the dynamics of consumer behavior within a well-established virtual world, which can be applied to the emerging Metaverse platforms. This knowledge helps businesses identify consumer profiles, address their needs, and enhance their virtual presence and success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAILS - Meta AI literacy scale: Development and testing of an AI literacy questionnaire based on well-founded competency models and psychological change- and meta-competencies","authors":"Astrid Carolus ,&nbsp;Martin J. Koch ,&nbsp;Samantha Straka ,&nbsp;Marc Erich Latoschik ,&nbsp;Carolin Wienrich","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Valid measurement of AI literacy is important for the selection of personnel, identification of shortages in skill and knowledge, and evaluation of AI literacy interventions. A questionnaire is missing that is deeply grounded in the existing literature on AI literacy, is modularly applicable depending on the goals, and includes further psychological competencies in addition to the typical facets of AIL. This paper presents the development and validation of a questionnaire considering the desiderata described above. We derived items to represent different facets of AI literacy and psychological competencies, such as problem-solving, learning, and emotion regulation in regard to AI. We collected data from 300 German-speaking adults to confirm the factorial structure. The result is the Meta AI Literacy Scale (MAILS) for AI literacy with the facets Use &amp; apply AI, Understand AI, Detect AI, and AI Ethics and the ability to Create AI as a separate construct, and AI Self-efficacy in learning and problem-solving and AI Self-management (i.e., AI persuasion literacy and emotion regulation). This study contributes to the research on AI literacy by providing a measurement instrument relying on profound competency models. Psychological competencies are included particularly important in the context of pervasive change through AI systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding future human cybernetic integration: A framework to map enhancement technologies","authors":"Andréanne Sharp","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Technology advancements have enabled humans to go beyond restauration leading to a new reality where human enhancement is no longer fiction. Besides the major societal impacts they will have, these evolutions of technology are also raising complex philosophical and ethical questions. Notwithstanding the widespread interest for augmentation technologies, there are few frameworks available to categorise and compare the varied variety of existing and prospective technologies in this field. A structured framework is needed to harness the full potential of sensory technologies while facilitating the discussion and management of potential risks and challenges. This article presents a framework that aims to bridge the gap between technologies designed for compensating disabilities, enhancing human perception beyond the abilities of individuals without disabilities, and those intended for entertainment purposes. Furthermore, in the past, research on sensory perception tended to isolate sensory modalities based on the stimuli to which they are most sensitive. This new proposed framework allows for the analysis of technologies on a continuum ranging from unimodality to transmodality and to take in account the degree of integration with biological system. In addition, this framework answers the need to classify these technologies based on the crucial aspect of social acceptability, specifically by taking into consideration their varying degrees of invasiveness. All of these elements included into the suggested framework will enable researchers to map and analyse not just existing technologies, but also those that have not even been invented yet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882123000294/pdfft?md5=19f2c7b22a420356cfabeeb03d23078e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949882123000294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134832874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can non-humanlike avatars induce the Proteus effect? The roles of avatar identification and embodiment in influencing social participation","authors":"Xinmiao Lan ,&nbsp;Zeph M.C. van Berlo","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In virtual environments, people tend to behave in line with the virtual avatars they embody. For example, when an individual embodies an attractive and physically fit avatar, they might show an increase in self-esteem. This phenomenon is called the Proteus effect. While prior research shows support for this effect with humanlike avatars, it is unclear whether non-humanlike avatars can also induce it. In this study, we examine the Proteus effect in the context of non-humanlike avatars and test whether the level of attractiveness of a non-humanlike avatar affects social participation. Two underlying mechanisms of the Proteus effect are considered: the mediating role of avatar identification and the moderating role of level of embodiment. To test our hypotheses, a 2 x 2 between-subjects lab experiment (<em>N</em> = 134) was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two non-humanlike avatars differing in level of attractiveness (attractive vs. unattractive) and one of two levels of embodiment (head-mounted display VR vs. desktop). The results showed that participants embodying the attractive non-humanlike avatar perceived higher levels of avatar identification via self-similarity, which increased social participation. Also, this study found that level of embodiment did not moderate the effect of attractiveness of the non-humanlike avatar on social participation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who is who in the age of service robots: The impact of robots’ demand for user identification in human-to-robot interactions","authors":"Magnus Söderlund","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the not-so-distant future, when we are expected to be increasingly engaged in interactions with service robots, it can also be expected that such interactions will require that we identify ourselves. That is to say, given that identification demands occur frequently when we use computers, mobile telephones and websites, it is expected that this will be the case also for service robots. So far, however, the effects of such demands have not been examined in existing research on human-to-robot interactions. Yet, identification is an issue with potentially profound implications, and demands for identification appear to have mainly a negative charge in many settings beyond human-to-robot interactions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to explore what happens when a user of a service robot is asked by the robot to identify him/herself. To this end, two experiments were conducted in which a service robot’s demand for user identification was manipulated (no demand for identification before usage vs. demand for identification before usage). The results indicate that the robot’s demand for identification attenuated perceived robot warmth, usefulness, and trust; enhanced privacy concerns; and reduced the overall evaluation of the robot. A proposed mechanism behind these outcomes, priming, was assessed empirically. The results with respect to the latter indicate that a robot’s request for identification makes accessible mainly negatively charged material about identification in other contexts than human-to-robot interactions, and that this material informs responses to the robot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented intelligence in programming learning: Examining student views on the use of ChatGPT for programming learning","authors":"Ramazan Yilmaz,&nbsp;Fatma Gizem Karaoglan Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the diversification of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, the interest in their use in every segment and field of society in recent years has been increasing rapidly. One of these areas is programming learning and program writing processes. One of the generative AI tools used for this purpose is ChatGPT. The use of ChatGPT in program writing processes has become widespread, and this tool has a certain potential in the programming process. However, when the literature is examined, research results related to using ChatGPT for this purpose have yet to be found. The existing literature has a gap that requires exploration. This study aims to analyze the students' perspectives on using ChatGPT in the field of programming and programming learning. The study encompassed a cohort of 41 undergraduate students enrolled in a public university's Computer Technology and Information Systems department. The research was carried out within the scope of the Object-Oriented Programming II course for eight weeks. Throughout the research process, students were given project assignments related to the course every week, and they were asked to use ChatGPT while solving them. The research data was collected using a form consisting of open-ended questions and analyzed through content analysis. The research findings revealed both the advantages and disadvantages of ChatGPT usage, as perceived by the students. The students stated that the main benefits of using ChatGPT in programming learning are providing fast and mostly correct answers to questions, improving thinking skills, facilitating debugging, and increasing self-confidence. On the other hand, the main limitations of using ChatGPT in programming education were getting students used to laziness, being unable to answer some questions, or giving incomplete/incorrect answers, causing professional anxiety in students. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that it would be useful to integrate generative AI tools into programming courses considering the advantages they provide in programming teaching. However, appropriate measures should be taken regarding the limitations it brings. Based on the research findings, several recommendations were proposed regarding the integration of ChatGPT into lessons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49713962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous humanization of robots in passive observation of human-robot interaction: A path toward ethical consideration and human-robot cooperation","authors":"Nicolas Spatola ,&nbsp;Emna Cherif","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As humanoid robots become more prevalent, understanding how people form initial representations of and attitudes towards these agents is crucial. This study investigated whether observing a human's emotional reactions towards a robot in a passive human-robot interaction influences the spontaneous humanization and mental state attributions of the robot, and subsequent ethical considerations and cooperation. In Experiment 1, Japanese and British participants observed videos of a human interacting emotionally or neutrally with a Pepper robot and then assessed the robot. Results showed the emotional video elicited more humanization and intentionality attributions towards the robot, subsequently predicting greater ethical concern, especially among Japanese participants. In Experiment 2, observing human emotional engagement increased cooperation with the robot in a Prisoner's Dilemma game through enhanced humanization and intentionality attributions. The findings suggest that passive observation of human-robot interactions can shape the representation, attribution, and treatment of robots based on culture and situational cues. This highlights the need to consider social factors that may influence people's developing relationships with robots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49714110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unbiased artificial referee in beauty contests based on pattern recognition and AI","authors":"Kiana Nezami,&nbsp;Ching Y. Suen","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beauty contests have long been popular, but concerns about fairness and bias in judgment have emerged. To address this, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and pattern recognition (PR) as an unbiased referee shows promise. This paper aims to assess the significance of different facial features, including eyes, nose, lips, chin, eyebrows, and jaws, as well as the role of angles and geometric facial measurements, such as distances between facial landmarks and ratios, in the context of beauty assessment. This study also employs two techniques, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and stacked regression, to predict the attractiveness of faces. The experimental data set used for evaluation is the SCUT-FBP benchmark database. The obtained results, indicated by Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (PCC), demonstrate the high accuracy of our attractiveness prediction model. This research contributes to the advancement of automatic facial beauty analysis and its practical implications. Furthermore, our results surpass those published recently, further validating the effectiveness of our approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882123000257/pdfft?md5=56807d39447093a4a23491a97bd4284b&pid=1-s2.0-S2949882123000257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92025806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithmic loafing and mitigation strategies in Human-AI teams","authors":"Isa Inuwa-Dutse ,&nbsp;Alice Toniolo ,&nbsp;Adrian Weller ,&nbsp;Umang Bhatt","doi":"10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbah.2023.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exercising <em>social loafing</em> – exerting minimal effort by an individual in a group setting – in human-machine teams could critically degrade performance, especially in high-stakes domains where human judgement is essential. Akin to social loafing in human interaction, algorithmic loafing may occur when humans mindlessly adhere to machine recommendations due to reluctance to engage analytically with AI recommendations and explanations. We consider how algorithmic loafing could emerge and how to mitigate it. Specifically, we posit that algorithmic loafing can be induced through repeated encounters with correct decisions from the AI and transparency may combat it. As a form of transparency, explanation is offered for reasons that include justification, control, and discovery. However, algorithmic loafing is further reinforced by the perceived competence that an explanation provides. In this work, we explored these ideas via human subject experiments (<em>n</em> = 239). We also study how improving decision transparency through validation by an external human approver affects performance. Using eight experimental conditions in a high-stakes criminal justice context, we find that decision accuracy is typically unaffected by multiple forms of transparency but there is a significant difference in performance when the machine errs. Participants who saw explanations alone are better at overriding incorrect decisions; however, those under induced algorithmic loafing exhibit poor performance with variation in decision time. We conclude with recommendations on curtailing algorithmic loafing and achieving social facilitation, where task visibility motivates individuals to perform better.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100324,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882123000245/pdfft?md5=7f84d624b30c61413a077cb67b3927c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2949882123000245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138413083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}