Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie最新文献

From Arabidopsis to rice genomics: a survey of French programmes 从拟南芥到水稻基因组学:法国项目调查

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01408-1

Michel Delseny , Georges Pelletier

{"title":"From Arabidopsis to rice genomics: a survey of French programmes","authors":"Michel Delseny , Georges Pelletier","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01408-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01408-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the last ten years, <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> has become the most favoured plant system for the study of many aspects of development and adaptation to adverse conditions and diseases. The sequencing of the <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> genome is nearly completed with more than 90 % of the sequence being released in public databases. This is the first plant genome to be analysed and it has revealed a tremendous amount of information about the nature of the genes it contains and its largely duplicated organisation. French groups have been involved in Arabidopsis genomics at several steps: EST (expressed sequence tags) sequencing, construction and ordering (physical mapping of chromosomes) of a YAC (yeast artificial chromosomes) library, genomic sequencing. In parallel an extensive programme of functional genomics is being undertaken through the systematic analysis of insertional mutants. This information provides a support for analysing other more economically important plant genomes such as the rice genome and constitutes the beginning of a systematic investigation on plant gene functions and will promote new strategies for plant improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 12","pages":"Pages 1103-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01408-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86790701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Génomique 2000, aspects culturels 基因组学2000，文化方面

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01402-0

Patrick Charles Gabriel Triadou

引用次数: 1

Expression of LSLCL, a new C-type lectin, is closely restricted, in bone marrow, to immature neutrophils LSLCL是一种新的c型凝集素，其在骨髓中的表达仅限于未成熟的中性粒细胞

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01392-0

Christophe Perrin , Jacques Bayle , Sylvie Bannwarth , Jean-François Michiels , Philippe Heudier , Jean-Claude Lefebvre , Valérie Giordanengo

引用次数: 12

Qualité biologique de l’eau de mer évaluée in situ par le test embryo-larvaire de Crassostrea gigas et Mytilus galloprovincialis 用长尾藻和白贻贝胚胎-幼虫试验原位评价海水生物质量

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01396-8

Olivier Geffard , Edouard His , Hélène Budzinski , Matthias Seaman , Philippe Garrigues

{"title":"Qualité biologique de l’eau de mer évaluée in situ par le test embryo-larvaire de Crassostrea gigas et Mytilus galloprovincialis","authors":"Olivier Geffard , Edouard His , Hélène Budzinski , Matthias Seaman , Philippe Garrigues","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01396-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01396-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Embryos and larvae of bivalves are frequently used in marine ecotoxicology for the purpose of assessing seawater quality, because they are very sensitive to pollutants and provide rapid responses. Laboratory studies, however, cannot accurately simulate natural conditions. We conducted bivalve embryo-larval studies in situ at the marina of Arcachon (southwest French Atlantic coast), in order to assess ‘biological quality’ of the water. One experiment conducted in winter 1999 (temperatures of 10 °C) with embryos of the Mediterranean mussel, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>, has shown that such tests are practicable in winter at low temperatures. This study did not show any deterioration in ‘biological quality’ of the water. Four series of experiments were subsequently performed during summer 2000 (ambient water temperatures of 19 to 22.4 °C) with embryos of the Japanese oyster, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. The results show that the ‘sea water biological quality’ deteriorates from the port entrance towards its inner part. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the marine environment in which bivalve embryos have been used in situ. They are very suitable for this type of study, because bivalve embryos and larvae are more sensitive to pollutants than the adults, and also because they belong to euryhaline species and the embryos tolerate summer temperatures (both species) as well as winter temperatures (mussels), allowing biomonitoring to be conducted all over the year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 12","pages":"Pages 1149-1155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01396-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83098544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Contribution des modèles expérimentaux à la compréhension de l’immunité contre la schistosomiase 实验模型对理解血吸虫病免疫的贡献

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01405-6

Christine Pierrot, Jamal Khalife, Catherine Cêtre, André Capron, Monique Capron

引用次数: 0

Human genome and philosophy: What ethical challenge will human genome studies bring to the medical practices in the 21st century? 人类基因组与哲学:人类基因组研究将给21世纪的医学实践带来什么样的伦理挑战?

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01400-7

Qiu Renzong

{"title":"Human genome and philosophy: What ethical challenge will human genome studies bring to the medical practices in the 21st century?","authors":"Qiu Renzong","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01400-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01400-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A human being or person cannot be reduced to a set of human genes, or human genome. Genetic essentialism is wrong, because as a person the entity should have self-conscious and social interaction capacity which is grown in an interpersonal relationship. Genetic determinism is wrong too, the relationship between a gene and a trait is not a linear model of causation, but rather a non-linear one. Human genome is a complexity system and functions in a complexity system of human body and a complexity of systems of natural/social environment. Genetic determinism also caused the issue of how much responsibility an agent should take for her/his action, and how much degrees of freedom will a human being have. Human genome research caused several conceptual issues. Can we call a gene ‘good’ or ‘bad’, ‘superior’ of ‘inferior’? Is a boy who is detected to have the gene of Huntington’s chorea or Alzheimer disease a patient? What should the term ‘eugenics’ mean? What do the terms such as ‘gene therapy’, ‘treatment’ and ‘enhancement’ and ‘human cloning’ mean etc.? The research of human genome and its application caused and will cause ethical issues. Can human genome research and its application be used for eugenics, or only for the treatment and prevention of diseases? Must the principle of informed consent/choice be insisted in human genome research and its application? How to protecting gene privacy and combating the discrimination on the basis of genes? How to promote the quality between persons, harmony between ethnic groups and peace between countries? How to establish a fair, just, equal and equitable relationship between developing and developed countries in regarding to human genome research and its application?</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 12","pages":"Pages 1097-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01400-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82262859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

French-Chinese meeting on “Genomics 2000: Science and Mankind” organized by the Académie des Sciences de l’Institut de France and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held in Les Pensières-Annecy (France) on May 3–6, 2000 2000年5月3日至6日，由法国科学院和中国科学院主办的“基因组学2000:科学与人类”中法学术会议在法国阿纳西(Les pensi<e:1> - annecy)举行

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01404-4

Jacques Caen

引用次数: 0

Characterization of the murine gene for subunit VIIaL of cytochrome c oxidase 小鼠细胞色素c氧化酶亚基VIIaL基因的鉴定

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01398-1

Karine Chantrel-Groussard , Laurent Delpy , Marie-Hélène Ratinaud , Michel Cogné

引用次数: 3

Expressional profiling of genes related to pollination and fertilization in rice 水稻授粉与受精相关基因的表达谱分析

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01407-X

Wei Chen, Dingzhong Tang, Jinfeng Suo, Yansheng Zhang, Yongbiao Xue

{"title":"Expressional profiling of genes related to pollination and fertilization in rice","authors":"Wei Chen, Dingzhong Tang, Jinfeng Suo, Yansheng Zhang, Yongbiao Xue","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01407-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01407-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollination and fertilization are key steps leading to seed and fruit formation. To obtain genes involved in pollination and fertilization in rice, an RNA fingerprinting technique, cDNA-AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism), was used to generate transcript profiles related to pollination. Of 15 000 cDNA fragments inspected, 2 100 showed altered expression in the pollinated pistil, of which about 1/5 were up-regulated (<em>URP</em>) and the rest down-regulated (<em>DRP</em>), suggesting that gene repression is a predominant mode of gene regulation in the pollinated pistil. Over 200 <em>URP</em> genes were sequenced and databank searches revealed that 70 % of them represented previously unnoticed rice genes. DNA blot analysis of 20 <em>URP</em> genes detected no restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) between two relatively distant rice varieties, suggesting that the <em>URP</em> genes are highly conserved and likely play important roles in pollination and fertilization. Furthermore, two genes, <em>URP47</em> and <em>URP63</em>, probably encoding an ADP-ribosylation factor and a membrane transporter, respectively, in relation to pollination were discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 12","pages":"Pages 1111-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01407-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90817324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Le risque accidentel du piéton dans agglomération parisienne 巴黎市区行人的意外风险

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie Pub Date : 2001-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01335-X

Pierre Vayre

{"title":"Le risque accidentel du piéton dans agglomération parisienne","authors":"Pierre Vayre","doi":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01335-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01335-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The risk of accident for a parisian pedestrian is of reduced frequency and of moderate severity (terrorism and natural disasters not included) according to the statistics of 1999. This is due to security measures and the excellent organisation of assistance to wounded persons. The improvement in protection of pedestrians, even the disabled and elderly persons will soon make Paris the best protected megalopolis of our continent. Pedestrians are involved in 28 % of accidents on public streets with a mortality of 1.2 %, with serious injuries in 12.6 % of the cases. Injuries without collision occur in 57 % of the cases. 18 % of the wounded older than 75 years with 1.8 % of deaths and 66 % of severe injury. Accidents related to public transportation represent a very slight risk of 0.00044 %. By modification of the concept of transportation and its materials over a five year period there is a decrease in the number of the victims (–3.75 %), in spite of the increase of accidents (3.5 %). For lone pedestrian being victims of aggression in public places, after a decrease of 10 % in 1999, there is in 2001 an increase which raises the question of police proximity again. Over a five year period the RATP (subway authority) has noticed a 14.77 % decrease of thefts and a 54.78 % decrease in attacks… This makes the Parisian railnet (subway mostly) seven times less dangerous than the streets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100306,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie","volume":"324 12","pages":"Pages 1175-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0764-4469(01)01335-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73604167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3