R. Scott Pirie BVM&S, PhD, Cert EP, Cert EM (Int Med), DECEIM, MRCVS
{"title":"Grass Sickness","authors":"R. Scott Pirie BVM&S, PhD, Cert EP, Cert EM (Int Med), DECEIM, MRCVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Equine grass sickness (EGS, equine dysautonomia) is a polyneuronopathy affecting both the central and </span>peripheral nervous system of horses. Clinically, the disease occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic forms, reflecting the severity of clinical signs, most of which can be attributed to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. These include dysphagia, generalized ileus, patchy sweating, salivation, ptosis, </span><em>rhinitis sicca</em><span>, and tachycardia. EGS cases present a diagnostic challenge, as many of the clinical features of each form of the disease are common to other diseases. To date, no definitive </span><em>antemortem</em> diagnostic test is available with the exception of histopathological examination of intestinal biopsies collected during laparotomy or laparoscopy, whereby the characteristic enteric neuronal degeneration and/or depletion can be detected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2006.01.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137193519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Derek C. Knottenbelt BVM&S, DVM&S, DipECEIM, MRCVS
{"title":"A Suggested Clinical Classification for the Equine Sarcoid","authors":"Derek C. Knottenbelt BVM&S, DVM&S, DipECEIM, MRCVS","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The equine sarcoid, a fibroblastic tumor, is the most prevalent equine skin tumor and can affect all equidae. The sarcoid should be regarded as a tumor of fibroblasts. Involvement of the epidermis is a feature of most types but is not an obligatory feature. There are six visually recognizable types that correlate closely with the histology. The occult (superficial) type features alopecia, scaling, and skin thickening. The verrucose type has a prominent warty or verrucous appearance. There are two subtypes of the nodular form. Type A nodules are usually isolated individual or lobulated congregations of spherical subcutaneous masses. Type B nodules have cutaneous involvement that precludes independent movement of the overlying skin. Fibroblastic sarcoids have a fleshy fibrovascular appearance, often closely resembling granulation tissue. Type 1 fibroblastic sarcoids are pedunculated, whereas type 2 have a broad locally invasive base. The malignant sarcoid is an aggressive locally invasive form that extends widely into adjacent skin and subcutis. Mixed forms are common, and it is probably true that the large majority of sarcoid lesions have mixed components of two or more types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 278-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75856205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Acquisition, Identification, and Treatment of Equine Ectoparasites","authors":"Kerstin Bergvall DVM, ESVD/ECVD Dipl","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ectoparasite infestations are important and rather common in equine practice. In this article, clinical signs and techniques for obtaining optimal specimens of the different parasites are described. Furthermore, diagnostic criterion useful for recognizing and differentiating between the various parasites are discussed, along with appropriate treatment options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 296-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88851435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equine Bacterial and Fungal Diseases: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Update","authors":"Stephen D. White DVM, Diplomate ACVD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial and fungal skin diseases are important in the horse. Bacterial skin diseases (pyoderma) are most often caused by <em>Staphylococcus</em> species, <span><em>Corynebacterium</em><em> pseudotuberculosis</em></span> or <em>Dermatophilus congolensis</em>. The most common clinical signs associated with bacterial skin infections are crusts, papules, abscesses, and draining tracts; the latter two lesions are more commonly associated with <em>C. pseudotuberculosis</em>. Ideally, antibiotic treatment should be based on bacterial culture and sensitivity. Fungal infections are most commonly caused by dermatophytes (“ringworm”) or <em>Sporothrix schenkii</em>, although the role of <em>Malassezia</em> in equine skin disease is beginning to be investigated. The clinical signs of fungal infections are variable and may include alopecia, crusts, papules, pruritus, nodules, ulcers, and draining tracts. The latter three lesions are more commonly associated with <em>S. schenkii</em> infection. Treatment is dependent on the organism cultured and may include both topical and/or systemic treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 302-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83461745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in Equine Atopic Dermatitis, Serologic and Intradermal Allergy Testing","authors":"Stephen D. White DVM, Diplomate ACVD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The role of environmental allergens in equine atopic dermatitis as the cause of pruritus in horses is becoming better appreciated. Atopic dermatitis presents as either seasonal or nonseasonal pruritus, sometimes complicated by concurrent insect-bite hypersensitivity and/or secondary superficial bacterial infection (most often staphylococcal in origin). Diagnosis is based on history and clinical presentation, as well as elimination of other causes of pruritus. Detection of presumed allergens may be performed using either intradermal or serologic testing. Treatment may be symptomatic using antipruritic drugs, and/or allergen-specific immunotherapy. The success rate of the latter currently approaches 70%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75678093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annette D. Petersen Dr.med.vet, DACVD, Harold C. Schott II DVM, PhD, DACVIM
{"title":"Cutaneous Markers of Disorders Affecting Adult Horses","authors":"Annette D. Petersen Dr.med.vet, DACVD, Harold C. Schott II DVM, PhD, DACVIM","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In adult horses, skin lesions and changes in the haircoat may serve as primary owner complaints for underlying systemic diseases. Cutaneous markers of systemic disorders of adult horses may include crusting or nodular dermatopathies (eg, photosensitization consequent to liver disease, purpura hemorrhagica, idiopathic granulomatous disease, multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease, or lymphoma) or haircoat changes (eg, alopecia or hirsutism) that should alert equine practitioners and dermatologists alike to search for underlying primary disease processes. Diseases with skin manifestations range from those in which the skin is one of the primary organs affected (eg, idiopathic granulomatous disease or multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease) to those for which dermatological lesions are secondary and resolve with treatment of the underlying disease (eg, photosensitization consequent to liver disease). This review focuses on disorders for which skin lesions or haircoat changes are markers for systemic diseases in adult horses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 324-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136552816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harold C. Schott II DVM, PhD, DACVIM, Annette D. Petersen Dr.med.vet, DACVD
{"title":"Cutaneous Markers of Disorders Affecting Young Horses","authors":"Harold C. Schott II DVM, PhD, DACVIM, Annette D. Petersen Dr.med.vet, DACVD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In neonatal foals and young horses, both hereditary and acquired diseases can have skin lesions as the primary owner complaint. Cutaneous markers of disorders of young horses include coat color patterns (eg, lethal white foal syndrome and deafness syndrome in Paint horses or lavender foal syndrome in Arabian horses) as well as specific skin lesions (eg, skin sloughing due to junctional epidermolysis bullosa) that should alert equine practitioners and dermatologists alike to underlying disease processes. Diseases with skin manifestations range from those in which the skin is the primary organ affected (eg, skin that is easily stretched with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia) to those for which dermatological lesions are secondary and resolve with treatment of the underlying disease (eg, syndrome of suspected immune-mediated ulcerative dermatitis). This review is primarily focused on disorders that are either hereditary or affect young horses in the first few weeks to years of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 314-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80571199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mare and Foal Bonding and Problems","authors":"Elkanah H. Grogan BS, Sue M. McDonnell PhD","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A number of specific behavioral responses have been identified in mares and foals as the presumed behavioral interactive sequences supporting bonding. With the exception of the severely physically compromised foal, most failures of the mare foal bond appear to result from inadequate behavior of the mare. Six distinct forms of maternal behavior problems include ambivalence of the mare toward her foal, fear of the foal, nursing only avoidance of the foal, extreme protectiveness of the foal that becomes problematic in domestic confinement, savage attack (true rejection), and stealing or adoption of an alien foal. Management of maternal behavior problem cases in which the pair cannot be salvaged include foster (or nurse mares) and hand-rearing methods. Also presented are current practical resources related to managing certain types of inadequate maternal behavior and for rearing the orphaned foal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 228-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Staging and Prediction of Parturition in the Mare","authors":"Myrthe Wessel DVM, DACT","doi":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the relatively explosive nature of an equine delivery and the associated severe consequences, it is imperative that immediate assistance can be provided when complications occur. To be able to supply a certain level of care, it is important to be prepared and therefore to have a full understanding of the physiology and pathology of parturition. This article describes the three stages and physiology of parturition in addition to a variety of instruments that can be used to predict foaling in the mare. Different monitoring systems will be discussed as well as diagnostic tools and their applicability under physiological and pathological circumstances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100279,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 219-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1053/j.ctep.2005.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84217960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}