Cleaner Water最新文献_第4页

Electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride-ZnO composite fibers for pyrocatalytic wastewater treatment 电纺聚偏氟乙烯- zno复合纤维用于热催化废水处理

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100108

Aditya Gaur , Nishchay Saurabh , Akash Kankane , S. Janakiraman , Satyanarayan Patel

引用次数: 0

Groundwater resources development for a sustainable water supply in developing countries: A case study of Ghana 发展中国家地下水资源开发促进可持续供水：以加纳为例

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100104

Victor Ofori Agyemang

{"title":"Groundwater resources development for a sustainable water supply in developing countries: A case study of Ghana","authors":"Victor Ofori Agyemang","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrogeology of Ghana has been classified into five main hydrogeological provinces. Generally, the hydrogeology of the country is mainly controlled by secondary hydraulic properties caused by weathering and fracturing. About 2.9 %, 21.6 %, 45.6 %, 27.1 %, and 2.8 % of the landmass of Ghana have very good, good, moderate, bad, and very poor groundwater potential respectively. Variable levels of groundwater mineralization in geological units are seen in the overall geochemistry of the country. The primary issues with groundwater quality in the country are high concentrations of fluoride, arsenic, manganese, iron, hardness, and salinity in some localities. Poor selection and application of geophysical methods, shallow drilling depths above productive fractured zones, complete reliance on thin shallow aquifers, poor construction of drilled boreholes, lack of maintenance of mechanized boreholes, and limited aquifer recharge in some parts of the country are some of the potential causes of frequent borehole drilling failure, low borehole yields, and drying up of hand-dug wells and some boreholes during the dry seasons. For effective and efficient groundwater development, it is recommended that groundwater exploration be conducted to a minimum depth of 200 m using the combined application of the electromagnetic method, or two-dimensional magnetotelluric, two-dimensional electrical resistivity, and two-dimensional induced polarization methods in the order presented. Again, both technological such as managed aquifer recharge and policy measures should be implemented to balance groundwater usage with aquifer replenishment to ensure sustainable management of the resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water quality assessment using WQI and zooplankton indicators in aquatic ecosystems: Insights from a correlation-based study 基于WQI和浮游动物指标的水生生态系统水质评价：基于相关性研究的见解

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100103

Sk Saruk Islam , Sudip Narayan Dhara , Sujoy Midya

{"title":"Water quality assessment using WQI and zooplankton indicators in aquatic ecosystems: Insights from a correlation-based study","authors":"Sk Saruk Islam , Sudip Narayan Dhara , Sujoy Midya","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since rivers provide freshwater to all rural and urban communities, it is necessary but difficult to monitor the river water quality. The goal of this study was to assess how water-quality parameters relate to zooplankton communities. Water samples were collected from five different locations along the main streams of the Kangsabati River, West Medinipur. Analysed twelve common water quality indicators, including pH, temperature (temp.), dissolve oxygen (DO), secchi depth (SD), salinity (Sal), biological oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolve solid (TDS), hardness (Hard), Alkalinity (Alk), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP) and plankton density (PD) to assess the water quality index (WQI). The WQI model was employed to determine water quality (WQ) status, while two-tailed Pearson’s correlation and multivariate PCA analysis assessed relationship between the PD and WQ. 57 zooplankton species were found, including copepods (49.12 %), cladocera (17.54 %), and rotifers (33.33 %). The WQI value ranged from 87.68–125.88, indicating very poor to unfit for consumption water quality. Strong correlation among PD, BOD, and DO, was observed by multivariate analysis. As a result, the zooplankton index should only be used with expertise to indicate water quality. In order to promote sustainable community growth, findings of present investigation may be useful in preserving the complex aquatic ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater for drinking and irrigation suitability in Vaniyambadi region, Tamil Nadu, Southern India: a sustainable approach 印度南部泰米尔纳德邦Vaniyambadi地区地下水饮用和灌溉适宜性的水化学评估：一种可持续方法

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100102

Ramachandran A , Richard Abishek S , Stephen Pitchaimani V , Suresh Gandhi M , Prakash V

{"title":"Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater for drinking and irrigation suitability in Vaniyambadi region, Tamil Nadu, Southern India: a sustainable approach","authors":"Ramachandran A , Richard Abishek S , Stephen Pitchaimani V , Suresh Gandhi M , Prakash V","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses groundwater quality in the Vaniyambadi region of southern India, examining its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Groundwater samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, major ions, and heavy metals and the results were compared with WHO (2017) standards. Results show slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.4-8.4), and 88% of samples exceeding recommended TDS levels (460-2220mg/L), indicating salinity issues from natural mineral dissolution and human activities like agricultural runoff. The calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate levels are within the limit guidelines, while heavy metal concentrations - particularly chromium (0.26mg/L), nickel (0.18mg/L), cadmium (0.025mg/L), and lead (0.17mg/L) - surpass safe limits, suggesting industrial contamination risks. The Water Quality Index classified 68% of samples as \"Excellent\" or \"Good\" for drinking, 32% \"Poor\" or \"Very Poor\" categories due to salinity and contamination. Irrigation suitability analysis reveals 60% of samples have favourable sodium levels, while 40% may pose sodium-related risks to soils. Hydrochemical characterization identifies carbonate weathering and rock-water interactions as primary influences, with some evaporation effects. These findings highlight the necessity for improved pollution controls, sustainable water management practices, and ongoing quality monitoring to protect this vital resource. The study offers essential data to developing targeted groundwater protection strategies in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of multicomponent adsorption of fluoroquinolone based antibiotics onto the wasted municipal sewage sludge: Experiments and modeling 多组分氟喹诺酮类抗生素在城市污水污泥上的吸附效果：实验与模拟

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100101

Rajib Kumar Das, Ujjaini Sarkar, Rohit Bhagat Kalwar

{"title":"Efficacy of multicomponent adsorption of fluoroquinolone based antibiotics onto the wasted municipal sewage sludge: Experiments and modeling","authors":"Rajib Kumar Das, Ujjaini Sarkar, Rohit Bhagat Kalwar","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are two important fluoroquinolone-based antibiotics that are heavily prescribed and consumed in Asian continent. Useful microbial consortium meant for biodegradation of sewage sludge get depleted in presence of these antibiotics. Additionally, the treated sewage wastewater, used in agricultural fields, municipal parks for gardening etc. still contain a large quantity of antibiotics. The specific objective of this piece of research work is to assess a specific scheme of <em>in-situ</em> batch equilibrium adsorption of these antibiotics using activated sludge at the specific sewage treatment works. Two models namely Modified competitive Langmuir-like model and LeVan-Vermeulen model are used for modelling the adsorption of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin using activated sludge. Parameters from each of these models are evaluated using MATLAB and the <em>fsolve</em> MATLAB Library. The sludge and the post treated sludge after adsorption are characterized physically and chemically. A satisfactory fit for the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for both components in single component study implies the applicability of the multicomponent adsorption isotherm models in this study. Kinetics study, pore, and film diffusion models are also utilized. The goodness of the fits helps to conclude that film diffusion is the rate-controlling step for the adsorption of both ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Results demonstrate specific chemical interaction between ciprofloxacin with the negatively charged surface of the sewage sludge and surface complexation of ofloxacin with surface functional groups of the sewage sludge. Electrostatic interaction and surface coordination also show a vital role in the mechanism of adsorption of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin onto the sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanofiltration membranes for efficient removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A state-of-the-art review 纳滤膜有效去除废水中的药物：最新进展

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100100

Samy Elhadi Oussadou , Sumina Namboorimadathil Backer , Ismail W. Almanassra , Ahmad Shabib , Muataz Ali Atieh , Abdallah Shanableh

{"title":"Nanofiltration membranes for efficient removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Samy Elhadi Oussadou , Sumina Namboorimadathil Backer , Ismail W. Almanassra , Ahmad Shabib , Muataz Ali Atieh , Abdallah Shanableh","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceutical contamination in water systems has emerged as a pressing global issue due to its persistence, bioactivity, and adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. These compounds, originating from widespread usage and excretion, often resist conventional wastewater treatment processes. The development of effective and economically viable removal technologies is therefore a critical environmental priority. This review examines recent advancements in the application of nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. It analyzes removal mechanisms primarily size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion along with the influence of membrane material, pore size, surface charge, and water chemistry. Various NF membrane types, including commercial, polymeric, ceramic, and hybrid designs, are categorized and compared. Economic aspects, such as capital and operational costs, are also assessed. The NF membranes show high efficacy in removing a broad spectrum of pharmaceuticals, particularly high-molecular-weight and charged compounds. However, removal performance varies with membrane and contaminant properties. The review highlights cost challenges and stresses the need for life-cycle economic evaluations. Key research gaps are identified, including the need for enhanced selectivity, fouling resistance, and long-term sustainability. This study serves as a foundation for advancing NF membrane technologies for pharmaceutical pollution control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytotoxicity of leachate from the final disposal of water treatment plant sludge 水处理厂污泥最终处置渗滤液的细胞毒性

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100099

Mirella Bianca Gama de Almeida , Amanda Maria Dantas de Jesus , Adriane Xavier de Morais , Renata Falchete do Prado , Fabiana Alves Fiore

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of leachate from the final disposal of water treatment plant sludge","authors":"Mirella Bianca Gama de Almeida , Amanda Maria Dantas de Jesus , Adriane Xavier de Morais , Renata Falchete do Prado , Fabiana Alves Fiore","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The final disposal of Water Treatment Plant Sludge (WTPS) in soils can generate leachates with cytotoxic potential due to residual metals and organic compounds. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of leachates derived from simulated sanitary landfills, dedicated landfills, and geotechnical applications using WTPS. The simulations employed centrifuged, thermally dried, and naturally dried sludge in thirteen reactors replicating disposal conditions at a pilot scale. The reactors were operated for 12 months under simulation of real precipitation, with monthly leachate collections. Samples were analyzed for cell viability using the MTT assay on human keratinocytes and for metal concentrations (Al, Ba, Co, Fe, Mn, and Zn) using ICP-OES. The highest concentrations of heavy metals (mg/L) in the leachate were: manganese (292.0), iron (51.32), aluminium (5.03), and barium (4.1). Median values show higher barium in the dry season and manganese influenced by a peak, though more widespread in the rainy season. Among the treatments evaluated, reactors containing thermally dried sludge presented the most pronounced cytotoxic effects. It was also found that the dedicated landfill showed the worst cytotoxicity conditions, with cell viability of less than 50 per cent. The study demonstrates that sludge drying methods, disposal type, and climatic seasonality directly influence leachate toxicity, emphasizing the importance of cytotoxic analysis as a complementary tool in environmental waste management. HaCaT cells are a well-established and reproducible model for studying the effects of solid waste on the human skin response. They offer practical advantages in terms of availability, robustness, and consistency in cytotoxicity tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ability of subsurface dams to protect freshwater abstraction wells against seawater intrusion in heterogeneous aquifers 在非均质含水层中，地下水坝保护淡水抽取井免受海水入侵的能力

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100098

Antoifi Abdoulhalik , Ismail Abd-Elaty , Ashraf A. Ahmed

{"title":"The ability of subsurface dams to protect freshwater abstraction wells against seawater intrusion in heterogeneous aquifers","authors":"Antoifi Abdoulhalik , Ismail Abd-Elaty , Ashraf A. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main purpose of this study was to examine the ability of subsurface dams to protect freshwater abstraction against seawater intrusion in both homogeneous and layered aquifers. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a synthetic aquifer where a subsurface dam was simulated in a homogeneous scenario (case H), and in another scenario where a top low-permeability (low-K) layer was placed in the upper part of the aquifer (case LH). We then conducted numerical simulations using the SEAWAT model to validate the experimental results. We also examined other numerical cases where a low-K layer existed at the middle (case HLH) and the bottom of the aquifer (case HL). The existence of a low-K layer has generally delayed the upconing, and it took longer for the SWI to contaminate the abstraction well. The top low-K layer case needed 52 % more pumping than the homogeneous aquifer for the wedge to spill over the dam into the landward side. The clean-up time varied substantially from one case to another, with the case HL taking longer than the other cases for SWI removal. The cleanup time was reduced by 23 % in the presence of a top low-K layer compared to the homogeneous aquifer. The study demonstrates that a low-K layer on the top of the aquifer contributed positively to improving the ability of the subsurface dams to obstruct SWI, limit saltwater upconing and, therefore, allow more optimal freshwater abstraction. A feature of this study was that it examined the ability of dams to prevent seawater intrusion in the presence of freshwater pumping, which has not been investigated in previous studies, at least in laboratory experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to improved water and sanitation: Key drivers for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 in Indian states 获得改善的水和卫生设施：印度各邦实现可持续发展目标4的关键驱动因素

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100097

Priya Ranjan

{"title":"Access to improved water and sanitation: Key drivers for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 in Indian states","authors":"Priya Ranjan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how access to improved water sources and sanitation facilities influences educational outcomes across Indian states and how these relationships support progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Study using state-level data from secondary sources. States were classified into low, middle, and high categories for water, sanitation, and literacy based on percentile rankings for 2019–20 for comparing states' progress and identifying those lagging and successful states. Furthermore, correlation and linear multiple regression were employed in a cross-sectional framework to assess the relationship between variables. The findings reveal a substantial upward trend in access to both safe drinking water and improved sanitation over the past two decades. This progress has notably narrowed rural-urban disparities, yet significant regional inequities persist. The study shows that some states lack behind in access to basic clean water and sanitation facilities, such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha (especially in rural areas). The empirical results show a statistically significant positive relationship between access to improved sanitation facilities and literacy rates. It also shows a negative relationship with school dropout rates, particularly among girls. Improved water access is also linked to higher literacy and lower dropout rates. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated policy approaches in addressing educational and infrastructural deficits, particularly in vulnerable regions, for India's SDG commitments and inclusive, equitable development, including enhanced sanitation and safe water access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wavelet transform couple long short-term memory neural network for profiling of Ganga water pollution and its prediction approaches 小波变换耦合长短期记忆神经网络的恒河水污染特征分析及其预测方法

Cleaner Water Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100096

S. Singh , S.K. Singh , R. Singh

{"title":"Wavelet transform couple long short-term memory neural network for profiling of Ganga water pollution and its prediction approaches","authors":"S. Singh , S.K. Singh , R. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The River Ganges is the most pious and holds significant regional, cultural, spiritual, and economic strength. It is the lifeline for millions of people and directly influences their lifestyle and livelihood. However, illegitimate anthropogenic practices severely diminish its antiquity and rank this riverine system as the fifth most polluted river in the world. To alleviate it, many scientists have investigated and attempted to predict water pollution levels using various approaches. Most of these studies are focused on univariate prediction and perform poorly when it comes to predicting multiple river water pollutants. The present investigation focused on the Ganga water pollution profiling based on physiological parameters (DO, BOD, TDS, Conductivity & Metal analysis) on a monthly dataset for three years. Furthermore, it proposes a Wavelet-LSTM model that may achieve a balance between local univariate prediction accuracy and overall accuracy to observe the trend of river water pollution more widely. The model integrates signal processing and deep learning techniques by utilizing wavelet decomposition at a specific scale to obtain the low and high-frequency features of the target data, constructing a feature matrix, and feeding it into an LSTM network for prediction. The model was used to make predictions on the DO and BOD dataset of Ganga pollution in Uttar Pradesh, India. The observed results indicate that the proposed model obtained robust performance for multiple water pollutant factors. The R<sup>2</sup> value ranges between 94 % and 99 % for the complete prediction of all pollutants. This investigation shows the effectiveness of the model, which can give theoretical along with practical observations for the forecast towards prevention, control, and mitigate the overall river water pollution and stabilize the sustainable environment for the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0