Cleaner Water最新文献

{"title":"Sequential novel use of Moringa oleifera Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, E. coli, and heavy metals from drinking water","authors":"Ahsan Shah ,&nbsp;Arun Arjunan ,&nbsp;Georgina Manning ,&nbsp;Maryam Batool ,&nbsp;Julia Zakharova ,&nbsp;Alisha J. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Fatima Ajani ,&nbsp;Ioanna Androulaki ,&nbsp;Anusha Thumma","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the individual and combined use of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (MO) Lam., biochar, and sand to remove turbidity, pathogens, and heavy metals from drinking water. Contaminated water was synthetically prepared using kaolin, standard nickel/lead solutions, and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>). The optimal dose of MO seed protein, extracted in 1 M NaCl solution, was determined using a jar test flocculator. MO treatment reduced water turbidity from 200 to 4 NTU and achieved a 1–2 log reduction in <em>E. coli</em> from an initial count of 1×10⁵ CFU/ml. Nevertheless, no significant reduction in nickel and lead concentrations was noted. Subsequently, the MO-treated water was passed through a biochar column supported on a sand bed, revealing clear water with 1 NTU turbidity and no trace of <em>E. coli</em> counts being detected. The sequential process of using biochar and sand reduced nickel and lead by 97.5 % and 99.3 %, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the treated water met WHO and UK standards for safe drinking water. All experiments were performed in duplicates (n=2; P &lt; 0.05). The scalability and economic feasibility of the project, the mechanism of removal of contaminants by MO and biochar, and the study's limitations are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste biomass-based graphene oxide decorated with ternary metal oxide (MnO-NiO-ZnO) composite for adsorption of methylene blue dye","authors":"Priyanka Barooah ,&nbsp;Nituraj Mushahary ,&nbsp;Bipul Das ,&nbsp;Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel approach for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye is effectively illustrated by using biomass based composite adsorbent. The investigation employed areca nut husk (AH) to produce graphene oxide (GO) by a single step calcination method. Thereafter, AH-GO was incorporated by using ternary metal oxide (TMO) via hydrothermal treatment. The developed AH-GO@MnO-NiO-ZnO composite was characterized by various analytical techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, BET surface area and Raman spectroscopy which exhibited promising properties for dye adsorption. To study the adsorption efficiency of prepared composite, optimization experiments were performed for adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and contact time. The optimized parameters during adsorption phenomenon were found to be 0.5 g/L of dose, 20 mg/L of initial concentration and 180 min of time exhibiting removal efficacy of 93.05 ± 0.93 %. Moreover, adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were analysed to explore the adsorption behaviour of AH-GO@MnO-NiO-ZnO towards MB dye. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies followed Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order (PSO) model respectively. AH-GO@MnO-NiO-ZnO has demonstrated a maximum adsorption capability of 127.06 mg/g. These findings collectively underscore the potential of AH-based adsorbent as a viable, inexpensive, and environment friendly for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with MB dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of multidrug-resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in river Gomti at Jaunpur city","authors":"Siya Ram ,&nbsp;Roshan Lal Gautam ,&nbsp;Shweta Singh ,&nbsp;Devendra Singh ,&nbsp;Ram Naraian ,&nbsp;Nahida Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the microbial EPEC load exhibiting three distinct marker genes: <em>eaeA</em>, <em>bfp,</em> and <em>stx1</em> in the river Gomati water across Jaunpur City, India. In order to determine the prevalence of EPEC virulent strains that are multidrug-resistant, eight different public gathering sites on the river were selected from upstream to downstream flow. The highest population of total coliform (5400×10³) and fecal coliforms (3500×10⁷) were subsequently recorded from site #5 (Gopi ghat). A total of 46 EPEC strains were virulent, exhibiting <em>eaeA</em> and <em>bfp</em> genes, while none of them harbored the <em>stx1</em> gene. All 46 strains contained the <em>eaeA</em> gene (100 %); however, only 11 isolates, as 24.10 %, exhibited <em>bfp</em> virulent genes. Most of the EPEC isolates from all seasons were resistant to more than three different classes of variable drugs and confirmed multidrug resistance. The highest 95.7 % of total isolates (44) exhibited resistance against tetracycline, while the lowest four isolates (8.6 %) against ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, it was evident that the bacterial population load and a load of virulent genes were found to be higher in the samples of the city's significant sites. This confirms the large-scale fecal contamination of water either through nearby animals or anthropogenic activities, which are needed to make proper management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing mathematical discrepancies in the adsorption model of Hashem et al. (2024): A technical commentary","authors":"Guilherme Malafaia","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This letter provides a critical technical analysis of the application of the Freundlich isotherm in the study by Hashem et al. (2024), entitled \"Chromium adsorption capacity from tannery wastewater on thermally activated adsorbent derived from kitchen waste biomass.\" While the study presents an innovative approach by utilizing pumpkin peel as an adsorbent for chromium removal, a critical issue was identified in the formulation and application of the Freundlich isotherm. The authors presented an incorrect mathematical modification of the isotherm, which significantly impacts the validity of the adsorption parameters derived, such as KF and 1/n, and ultimately affects the conclusions drawn about the system's adsorption capacity. Additionally, the assertion that the adsorption process can continue indefinitely is fundamentally flawed based on the principles of adsorption thermodynamics. This letter aims to rectify these discrepancies by revisiting the correct formulation of the Freundlich isotherm and highlighting the importance of accurate mathematical modeling in ensuring scientifically sound and replicable results. Despite these issues, the study remains a valuable contribution to the field, and the suggested revisions would further strengthen its impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle of medicinal compounds from life saving to life threating component in environment – Innovative use of nanotechnology for treatment","authors":"Shoaib Hussain ,&nbsp;Talib E. Butt ,&nbsp;Hina Akram ,&nbsp;Hina Fida","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics are used for treatment and cure infectious diseases in human and animal’s medication. Antibiotics, classified as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), present a significant threat to human and animal health by undermining immune systems. Unabsorbed antibiotics discharged out enter in environment through wastewater and accumulate in soil for absorption in plants and groundwater. From soil and ground water these residual level antibiotics become part of food chain segments and then enter in human or animal body. These residual antibiotics causes resistance in microbes and thus these antibiotics become ineffective in treatment of diseases. Exposure to antibiotic POPs occurs through direct and indirect routes, such as consuming contaminated food like meat, milk, and vegetables, altering the body's microbial balance. Numerous scientific studies have detected residual antibiotic levels in environmental samples, emphasizing the widespread contamination. Wastewater is the most polluted ecosystem segment, acting as the primary source of antibiotic introduction, while soil ranks second, influencing antibiotic accumulation in plants and groundwater leaching. Degradation of antibiotics has been carried out by means of different type of processes like ozonation, Fenton reagent oxidation, and photocatalytic oxidation processes. The photocatalytic degradation technique is considered most appropriate for the removal of antibiotics pollutants with high mineralization rate, high efficiency, and are quite simple in operation with cost effective. Research on photocatalysts for antibiotic degradation reveals factors like light intensity, exposure time, pH, catalyst quantity, temperature, and solution clarity affecting efficacy. Although promising for removing antibiotic waste from effluents, achieving complete removal remains a challenge, necessitating investigation into photocatalyst stability and treatment mechanisms for comprehensive antibiotic elimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sustainable biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater","authors":"Shaikh Abdur Razzak","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae-based systems offer an eco-friendly solution for municipal wastewater treatment by sequestering nutrients and carbon dioxide. However, high ammonium levels in municipal wastewater create competition between microalgae and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The synergy in microalgae-bacteria consortia enhances nitrogen and phosphorus removal, utilizing solar energy and facilitating beneficial gas exchange, which reduces traditional aeration costs. Despite this, the complexity of these systems complicates the understanding of their metabolic processes. This review examines the competition for ammonium uptake between microalgae and bacteria, factors influencing this competition, methods to measure their activities, and strategies to control nitrification for improved treatment efficacy. Integrating microalgae-bacteria consortia in municipal wastewater treatment faces challenges in maintaining microbial community control and process stability. The paper explores biological processes, bioreactor technologies, limitations, and large-scale applicability. Addressing global water demand, the collaboration between microalgae and bacteria presents a sustainable, carbon-neutral solution for nutrient removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of probability distribution methods for flood frequency analysis in the Jhelum Basin of North-Western Himalayas, India","authors":"Asif Iqbal Shah ,&nbsp;Nibedita Das Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kashmir Valley has frequently endured devastating floods, presenting significant challenges for flood management due to unpredictable flood magnitudes and limited pre-disaster preparedness. A major difficulty in addressing these challenges is the lack of reliable flood frequency analysis (FFA) for effective planning and mitigation. This study seeks to overcome these issues by employing a rigorous quantitative analysis of annual peak discharge data over a 51-year period (1971–2021). One key challenge was the presence of low outliers, which could compromise the integrity of the data. To address this, the Multiple Grubbs-Beck test was applied to remove these outliers before conducting FFA. The study's original achievement lies in its application of multiple distribution models which include Gumbel (EV1), Generalized Extreme Variations (GEV), Log-Normal, Log Pearson III (LP III), Gamma and Normal distribution. Goodness-of-fit tests, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD), and Chi-square at the 5 % significance level, along with visualization techniques such as Probability plots (PP), Quantile plots (QQ), and Probabilistic distribution (PD) graphs, were used to identify the most suitable distribution methods. The Log Pearson Type III (LP-III) was identified as the best fit for the Sangam gauge site (Upper Jhelum), the gamma distribution for Ram Munshibagh (Middle Jhelum), and the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and LP-III for Asham (Lower Jhelum). For Sangam, the estimated discharges for 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250-year return periods were 549.63, 1028.43, 1471.34, 2907.64, 3758.92, 4338.61, 4790.99, and 5167.23 cumecs, respectively, using LP-III. For Ram Munshibagh, the discharges were 602.13, 911.03, 1107.04, 1512.12, 1674.35, 1767.0, 1831.87, and 1881.74 cumecs using the gamma distribution. For Asham, the discharges were 685.8, 998.0, 1193.3, 1593.2, 1750.6, 1839.4, 1901.0, and 1948.0 cumecs using the GEV distribution. The findings indicate that the Jhelum River cannot accommodate excess discharge for return periods of 5 years or more, underscoring the need for enhanced flood management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility study to estimate household water footprint in Iran: Adaptation and application of a localized questionnaire","authors":"Rezvaneh Barzegar Nemati ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Mahvi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ,&nbsp;Saeedeh Hemmati Borji ,&nbsp;Mahdi Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iran, grappling with the challenges common to arid and semi-arid regions, is confronting a significant freshwater scarcity that exacerbates its water crisis. Central to this issue is the provision of an adequate domestic water supply. This study embarked on adapting a localized water footprint questionnaire to gauge individual household water footprints within the Iranian context. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, we adapted and validated a water footprint questionnaire tool tailored for Iranian consumers. The original questionnaire, derived from watercalculator.org, comprises 35 questions encompassing direct household water use, direct non-household water use, and indirect water use. Following its translation, cultural adaptation, and validation, the questionnaire was deployed for data collection. The investigation unveiled average water footprints as follows: a direct indoor water footprint (DWF_in) of 133.31±65.54 lpcd, a direct outdoor water footprint (DWF_out) of 1.89±1.73 lpcd, and an indirect water footprint (IWF) of 4284.94±714.33 lpcd, culminating in an overall average water footprint (WF) of 4420.14 ± 695.17 lpcd. Despite the study's limitations, including a sample that may not fully capture all provincial demographics, the findings underscore the practicability of employing this methodology in Iran and the significant potential for water conservation through heightened awareness and the policy-driven implementation of water-efficient practices at the household level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000413/pdfft?md5=5c2a8e2e7a167f928671b04dcb6d7530&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000413-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and adoption of water purification technologies in the bottled water industry in India","authors":"Aviram Sharma ,&nbsp;Saradindu Bhaduri","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, more than sixty per cent of the global bottled water manufacturing takes place in the countries of the global south. Despite being a low-tech sector, the industry is heavily influenced by the advancement and adoption of new water purification technologies and science-based regulations introduced by regulatory agencies. This paper examines the factors and mechanisms through which selection and adoption take place in this sector. The study draws upon firm-level surveys, expert interviews, ethnographic data, and select court cases and policy reports. We find that economic (firm’s size, firm’s age, and ownership structure) and socio-environmental factors (environmental subjectivities of major actors, regulatory (in-) capacity, role of supporting institutions) shape the pattern and combinations of technological adoption and technological changes at the firm level to meet the goals of “safety” and “quality”. However, the use of certain technologies are not devoid of serious environmental and public health concerns. The regulatory actors need to pay closer attention to the direct and indirect impacts of technology use on public health, the economy and the environment to make public policies more just and to meet sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting irrigation demand under IPCC climate change scenarios using WEAP modeling in the Rechna Doab, Pakistan","authors":"Hilal Khan,&nbsp;Zamil Bin Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pakistan is currently facing significant water scarcity issues, intensified by climate change. The main water source, the transboundary Indus River system, faces challenges such as water management, limited data availability, and inadequate management, leading to a gap between water demand and supply across various sectors. Agriculture, which consumes over 95 % of the country’s water resources, contributes nearly 25 % to the GDP, but is heavily dependent on irrigation due to limited rainfall. With rainfall meeting only 15 % of crop water requirements, groundwater plays a critical role, covering 40–60 % of irrigation needs. This study focuses on the Rechna Doab in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) model to assess the supply-demand gap under IPCC's climate change scenarios from Assessment Report Six (AR6). The main findings indicate: (1) Under SSP 8.5, unmet demand in the Upper Chenab Canal and other regions will increase by 33–47 % by mid-century; (2) demand site coverage will decline significantly, especially in Lower Gugera and Jhang branches; (3) groundwater dependency will increase substantially in response to the growing supply-demand gap. This work contributes to improving water management in Rechna Doab by providing a clear framework for adapting water resources to climate change using WEAP projections under various IPCC scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000383/pdfft?md5=4b76e99fe62e210c1e44fed37f4a1256&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}