Cleaner Water最新文献

{"title":"Removal of reactive dyes-based wastewater with moringa-coated cellulose microcrystals (CMC) produced from sugarcane bagasse","authors":"Md. Hasibur Rahaman,&nbsp;Md. Pranto Miah,&nbsp;Md. Masukul Islam Siam,&nbsp;Md. Khairul Barat,&nbsp;Mohammad Abbas Uddin","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive dyes are mostly used for cotton dyeing, but due to the high amount of unfixed dyes present after the dyeing, various adsorbents have been developed to remove them effectively. This study aims to develop novel bioadsorbents based on cellulose microcrystals (CMC) derived from agri-food waste sugarcane bagasse (SB), with a yield of ∼15 %, which is then coated with cationic protein derived from <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (MO) to enhance absorbent performance. The performance of these absorbents – SBCMC and SBCMC/MO were tested for the removal of C.I. Reactive Red 180 dye from dyeing wastewater. Surface characterisation of bioadsorbents was carried out using FTIR spectroscopy, laser particle size analyser, Zetasizer, and FESEM imaging. Removal percentages of dyes by the adsorbents were carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in combination with different adsorbent dosages, time, pH and dye concentrations. The size of the CMC was found to be less than ∼10 μm for 50 % of particles and less than ∼20 μm for 90 % of particles. The removal efficiency was found to be higher for moringa-coated SBCMC, with an adsorption capacity of 99.61 mg/g at an initial dye concentration of 1000 ppm and a dosage of 5 g/l. This is attributed to neutralisation of anionic surface as evident through zeta potential, which is reduced from −15.39 to −2.105 mV and also in FESEM images. The experimental data were better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Comparison with other bioadsorbents showed that the developed SBCMC/MO bioadsorbent has a similar or better adsorption capacity, demonstrating the effectiveness of dye removal. This study encourages the use of waste and natural materials as renewable resources to remove dyes from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative investigation of PFS and PAC coagulants with activated carbon in cellulose microfiltration systems for treatment of real printing ink wastewater","authors":"Maryam Gull ,&nbsp;Zoya Shahid ,&nbsp;Ahmad Raza ,&nbsp;Shanza Mazhar ,&nbsp;Zafar Masood","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Printing Ink wastewater (PIW) generated during printing machine cleaning, ink formulation, and paper processing is a significant environmental concern because of its hazardous chemical composition. A complex combination of pollutants is generated as a result of printing ink operations, including toxic chemicals such as heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and chromium), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resins, solvents, and synthetic dyes. If printing ink wastewater (PIW) is not handled properly, it poses a grave concern to the health of humans as well as the environment. As a result of contaminated water entering drinking water sources and agricultural fields, harmful chemicals can accumulate in the human either directly or indirectly through direct consumption, skin contact, or food consumption. A number of serious health issues can result from exposure to these compounds, including dermatitis, respiratory problems, organ damage, particularly to the liver and kidneys, as well as even cancer. In order to avoid these consequences, modern methods of treating printing ink wastewater (PIW)are needed, such as chemical precipitation, electrochemical advanced oxidation, and hybrid systems. This study examines a hybrid treatment system that combines coagulation with adsorption for the effective removal of these contaminants from actual industrial wastewaters. In order to achieve coagulation, 30 mL polyferric sulfate (PFS) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were individually used as pretreatment agents, followed by adsorption with powdered activated carbon (AC) and a cellulose microfiltration step. During an interval of four minutes (60, 90, 120, 150 minutes), both coagulants were tested at pH 6.5, which provides optimal coagulation efficiency by maintaining the coagulants' stability and reactivity. The results demonstrated that PAC had higher treatment efficiency compared to PFS, achieving COD and TSS removal rates of 98 %, BOD₅ and TOC elimination rates are 97 %, and 94 % respectively after 150 minutes of settling. PAC has been shown not only to enhance floc formation but also to enhance particulate and dissolved organic matter removal. Results indicate that continuous-flow systems in industrial settings have a great deal of potential for scaling. It is recommended that in the future, work be focused on assessing the reusability of the adsorbent, conducting a cost-benefit analysis, and developing efficient methods for large-scale implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental sustainability practices in effluent management of fashion manufacturing in developing country: Insights from Bangladesh","authors":"Md Shamsuzzaman ,&nbsp;Mazed Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the environmental sustainability of three textile factories in Bangladesh with varying levels of LEED certification: Platinum LEED-certified (Factory A), Gold LEED-certified (Factory B), and non-LEED-certified (Factory C). Following LEED standards for water usage and pollution control, both untreated and treated effluents were collected from these factories and subjected to chemical analysis. The findings were assessed against established limits for parameters including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), pH, and color. Effluent samples were collected three times a month, and average values were used in the analysis. The results indicated that LEED-certified factories possess greater capacity for effective water use and treatment system design compared to non-certified factories. Significant increases in key metrics such as BOD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, and pH are recorded across all factories after ETP treatment, demonstrating the efficacy of wastewater treatment techniques. Although initial (untreated) effluent samples from all factories exceeded acceptable standards, post-treatment results for Factories A and B achieved compliance with standard parameters, while Factory C was found to require a comprehensive overhaul to meet environmental sustainability requirements. The research shows that LEED certification greatly inspires factory managers to adopt and execute sustainable practices in manufacturing, water management, and effluent treatment. It highlights the necessity of effective wastewater treatment techniques in reducing environmental impact and meeting compliance with regulations in fashion manufacturing. It also emphasizes the technical constraints faced by non-LEED-certified facilities in Bangladesh. Findings will inspire a wide range of stakeholders, including academics, researchers, and industry practitioners, to emphasize reducing the environmental effect of knit textile production. Furthermore, findings will assist industry practitioners in making viable strategic decisions to improve the environmental sustainability of fashion manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting hydrogeochemical interactions and controlling processes in groundwater using advanced statistical techniques in the Southeast Asian megacity: Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Mahir Tajwar ,&nbsp;Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mahmudul Hasan ,&nbsp;Nazmus Sakib ,&nbsp;Shamiha Shafinaz Shreya ,&nbsp;Mir Md Tasnim Alam ,&nbsp;Md. Yousuf Gazi ,&nbsp;Sharaf Anika Hoque ,&nbsp;Anwar Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater quality is under increasing threat in rapidly urbanizing Southeast Asian megacities, where unregulated expansion and industrial activity are altering subsurface geochemical conditions. In Dhaka, Bangladesh, groundwater serves as a crucial source of potable water for millions, necessitating rigorous assessment of its suitability for human and agricultural use. This research seeks to comprehensively assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater, evaluating its suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes using a combined approach of geochemical methods, multivariate statistical analyses, and geospatial techniques. The hydrogeochemical analysis of 15 groundwater samples revealed a cation order of Ca^2 + &gt; Na⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; K⁺ and an anion order of HCO₃⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻. The primary objective of this research is to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of shallow groundwater in Dhaka using a combination of graphical techniques, multivariate statistical analyses, and water quality indices. Fifteen groundwater samples were collected during the dry season and analyzed for major cations and anions. Piper, Gibbs, Durov, and Stiff diagrams were employed to identify dominant processes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering were used to distinguish geogenic and anthropogenic influences. Results revealed that groundwater is dominated by the calcium bicarbonate type, with cation order Ca²⁺ &gt; Na⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; K⁺ and anion order HCO₃⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻. Cation exchange and silicate weathering were identified as the significant processes influencing water chemistry. PCA revealed that three principal components accounted for 86.4 % of the variance, indicating the influence of both natural mineral dissolution and localized anthropogenic inputs. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI), 5 samples were excellent, 6 were good, and 4 were poor for drinking purposes. All samples were suitable for irrigation based on SAR, RSC, SSP, EC, and TDS values. These findings provide a robust baseline for groundwater quality monitoring in Dhaka and similar urban areas. The integrated methodology can guide policy decisions on water resource protection and help communities prioritize safe groundwater use for both domestic and agricultural needs. The study offers valuable information for assessing water quality, monitoring contamination risks, and developing groundwater management strategies, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions of Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business models for sustainability transitions in resource-oriented wastewater management","authors":"Andrea Lück ,&nbsp;Jörg Londong ,&nbsp;Eckhard Kraft","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wastewater sector only pursues the goals of resource efficiency and circularity to a limited extent. Nevertheless, there are technical systems, so-called resource-oriented sanitation systems (ROSS), which would enable greater resource efficiency and resource utilisation. These have so far remained a niche innovation and have not been widely implemented in the sector. To support a transition in the sector, a shift in perspective for wastewater companies would be desirable. This shift would move away from a public company primarily focused on providing services of general interest, towards a company that efficiently uses partial wastewater flows to manufacture various marketable products. To achieve this, wastewater companies could adopt various business models (BMs). For the successful establishment of BM, the demand for wastewater products must first be considered and then the technical system developed around the product demand. However, there is currently a lack of scientific studies that systematically demonstrate BMs based on ROSS products. This paper presents a comprehensive development of 11 distinct BMs for ROSS products, utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework along with its necessary extension for public sector applications. To demonstrate the practical application of this approach, one BM is selected to illustrate the entire development process, highlighting the integration of sustainable principles in wastewater and waste management solutions. The development of ROSS BMs addresses the critical role of BMs in the transition to more sustainable practices. It can help the niche innovation ROSS to enter into the socio-technical regime of the wastewater industry and bring about a sustainability transition in the sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging trends in sewage sludge pretreatment: Enhancing treatment efficiency and sustainable waste management","authors":"Muhammad Waseem ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Khan ,&nbsp;Alnour Bokhary ,&nbsp;Birgitte K. Ahring","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge produced from the treatment of municipal wastewater and other liquid wastes requires proper management to diminish environmental impacts. Pretreatment of sewage sludge aims to improve the efficiency of subsequent treatment processes and enhance the quality of treated effluent. This review provides an overview of recent trends and developments in pretreatment techniques for sewage sludge and highlights the significance of anaerobic digestion in its treatment. Pretreatment methods include physical, chemical, combined, and biological processes designed to remove or reduce contaminants in the sludge. Anaerobic digestion reduces the organic content of sludge, producing biogas and eliminating pathogens, thereby minimizing health risks associated with sludge disposal. Additionally, anaerobic digestion generates stabilized bio-solids, which can be used as nutrient-rich soil amendments. However, sludge waste often has a lower methane yield due to its composition, a challenge that can be addressed with various pretreatment techniques. This comprehensive review discusses the constituents of sewage sludge, recent trends in its pretreatment methods, and their biogas potential. Furthermore, it emphasizes the conversion of sewage sludge into valuable products such as biogas, bio-fertilizers, and other waste-to-value products, showcasing the sustainable management and utilization of sewage sludge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and seasonal assessment of water quality of Musi River, India","authors":"Iqbal Khan ,&nbsp;Ajmal Koya Pulikkal ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zakwan ,&nbsp;Ricky Lalthazuala","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water quality parameters of the Musi River, Hyderabad, India, were assessed by collecting samples from four stations during post-monsoon, monsoon, and pre-monsoon seasons. The samples were scrutinized according to American Public Health Association standards for their physicochemical and biological characteristics to evaluate the seasonal and spatial alteration in water quality. The water quality was judged using the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI), Nemerow's pollution index (NPI), irrigation indices and hydrogeochemical facies. A significant spatial and seasonal variation was observed along the Musi River. The average values of WAWQI were calculated as 38, 175, 197 and 179 for Osman Sagar, Bapughat, Musarambagh, and Nagole, respectively. The analysis revealed that water is unfit for consumption at all stations except Osman Sagar as per the Bureau of Indian Standards. Piper diagram was utilized to determine the hydrochemical facies, which illustrated that the water sample at Osman Sagar falls in the category of type-I (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Ca</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>- <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Mg</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>-<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>HCO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>) whereas other stations fall in the category type-II (Na⁺-K⁺-<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>HCO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span>). Further, all stations except Osman Sagar observed a decline in dissolved oxygen and an increment in biochemical oxygen demand. A long-term management plan and consistent monitoring are recommended to protect the Musi River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-pandemic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater bodies using integrated molecular analysis","authors":"Gayatri Gogoi ,&nbsp;Rashmi Rani Boro ,&nbsp;Sarangthem Dinamani Singh ,&nbsp;Emon Kalyan ,&nbsp;Akib Ali ,&nbsp;Keshab Nath ,&nbsp;Hridoy Jyoti Mahanta ,&nbsp;Pankaj Bharali","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) is increasingly used to monitor the spread of various pathogens, including viruses like SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, and protozoa. This work reports a WBS study for SARS-CoV-2 conducted in Jorhat district of Assam, India. A total of 800 samples were collected from diverse locations, such as hospitals, residential areas, and rivers bodies, in two sessions – a) September 2022 to March 2023, and b) September 2023 to March 2024. The samples were collected from water surface and a layer of depth of 30 cm (transitional) of these wastewater bodies during the rainy season (September &amp; October) and dry season (December till March). Though SARS-CoV-2 positive rate was high during the rainy season, results showed that it was more common in the transitional layer in both wet and dry seasons. Notably, positive samples in the second session were detected only during the rainy season. Furthermore, we identified eight (8) distinct lineages, such as XAA, XAB, XAC, BA.2.38.2, BA.2.66, B, XBB.1, and XAJ and among which XAA, XAB, and XAJ have not been detected in routine epidemiological studies in India. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of WBS in tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing crucial data for public health assessment. The seasonal and regional fluctuations in viral detection draw attention to the need of environmental elements in surveillance efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key drivers of non-revenue water in developing countries: Insights from a multilevel study in Brazil","authors":"Cláudia Orsini Machado de Sousa ,&nbsp;Rafael de Freitas Souza ,&nbsp;Nuno Manoel Martins Dias Fouto","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing pressure on water resources has intensified the need to improve water supply efficiency, particularly by minimizing water loss. Non-revenue water (NRW) remains a critical issue in Brazil, with high loss levels impacting both financial sustainability and water security. This study employs a two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM2) to analyze NRW drivers in 310 Brazilian municipalities from 2017 to 2021. Ten factors that could influence water loss in the country were selected based on previous literature, and our results indicate that only four of them were statistically significant: population size, share of residential consumers, network length, and utility ownership. Municipalities with larger urban populations and longer distribution networks exhibited higher NRW levels, while a higher share of residential consumers correlated with lower NRW. Additionally, private utilities demonstrated lower water losses compared to public ones, likely due to stronger efficiency incentives. These findings highlight that the factors influencing NRW in Brazil differ from those commonly reported in studies based on developed countries. Therefore, policies designed to reduce NRW must consider regional specificities rather than relying solely on international benchmarks, which usually refer to developed countries. This study provides empirical evidence to support targeted interventions, helping water utilities and policymakers develop more effective NRW reduction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and salinity on detection and monitoring of cyanobacteria using UV–VIS derivative spectrophotometry","authors":"Amitesh Malhotra,&nbsp;Banu Örmeci","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2025.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacterial blooms are now a long-standing and recurring environmental issue around the globe due to their potential toxicity and accompanying negative impacts, such as the formation of taste and odor compounds, water discoloration, scum formation, to name a few. Early detection and routine monitoring of source water is, therefore, an increasing need, and methods to promptly identify cyanobacterial presence are critical. In this study, <em>M. aeruginosa</em> was used to test the impact of three water quality parameters (WQP), including salinity, DOC (dissolved organic carbon), and turbidity, on the detection and monitoring of cyanobacteria using UV-Vis derivative spectrophotometry. The study established the method detection limits under a wide range of WQP. Further, the effect of two cuvette pathlengths (50-, and 100-mm) and two exposure times (90 and 180 mins) at two peaks, corresponding to photopigments chlorophyll-a (<em>Chl-a</em>) and phycocyanin (PC), were investigated while applying and Savitzky-Golay (S-G) first derivative of absorbance technique to improve sensitivity. Results indicate that the relationship between the two photopigments and absorbance was generally strong (R² &gt; 0.9), except for higher turbidity tests (R² &gt; 0.8), and 100 mm pathlength was found to be the most sensitive in terms of detection. Additionally, there was no significant change in absorbance, detection limit, or slope observed between the two exposure times. The lowest detection limits using the established method were found to be 11,083 cells/mL and 12,632 cells/mL for 1 mg/L DOC for <em>Chl-a</em> and PC, respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed slight variations in slopes of regression with increasing WQP concentration, which was expected with increasing interfering contaminants. Overall, the results demonstrate that despite varying WQPs, with the aid of derivate spectrophotometry and longer cuvette pathlength (100 mm), the method can be successfully used for potential detection and monitoring of cyanobacteria in different source waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}