Cleaner Water最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in sustainable biological nutrient removal from municipal wastewater","authors":"Shaikh Abdur Razzak","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae-based systems offer an eco-friendly solution for municipal wastewater treatment by sequestering nutrients and carbon dioxide. However, high ammonium levels in municipal wastewater create competition between microalgae and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The synergy in microalgae-bacteria consortia enhances nitrogen and phosphorus removal, utilizing solar energy and facilitating beneficial gas exchange, which reduces traditional aeration costs. Despite this, the complexity of these systems complicates the understanding of their metabolic processes. This review examines the competition for ammonium uptake between microalgae and bacteria, factors influencing this competition, methods to measure their activities, and strategies to control nitrification for improved treatment efficacy. Integrating microalgae-bacteria consortia in municipal wastewater treatment faces challenges in maintaining microbial community control and process stability. The paper explores biological processes, bioreactor technologies, limitations, and large-scale applicability. Addressing global water demand, the collaboration between microalgae and bacteria presents a sustainable, carbon-neutral solution for nutrient removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of probability distribution methods for flood frequency analysis in the Jhelum Basin of North-Western Himalayas, India","authors":"Asif Iqbal Shah ,&nbsp;Nibedita Das Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kashmir Valley has frequently endured devastating floods, presenting significant challenges for flood management due to unpredictable flood magnitudes and limited pre-disaster preparedness. A major difficulty in addressing these challenges is the lack of reliable flood frequency analysis (FFA) for effective planning and mitigation. This study seeks to overcome these issues by employing a rigorous quantitative analysis of annual peak discharge data over a 51-year period (1971–2021). One key challenge was the presence of low outliers, which could compromise the integrity of the data. To address this, the Multiple Grubbs-Beck test was applied to remove these outliers before conducting FFA. The study's original achievement lies in its application of multiple distribution models which include Gumbel (EV1), Generalized Extreme Variations (GEV), Log-Normal, Log Pearson III (LP III), Gamma and Normal distribution. Goodness-of-fit tests, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Anderson-Darling (AD), and Chi-square at the 5 % significance level, along with visualization techniques such as Probability plots (PP), Quantile plots (QQ), and Probabilistic distribution (PD) graphs, were used to identify the most suitable distribution methods. The Log Pearson Type III (LP-III) was identified as the best fit for the Sangam gauge site (Upper Jhelum), the gamma distribution for Ram Munshibagh (Middle Jhelum), and the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and LP-III for Asham (Lower Jhelum). For Sangam, the estimated discharges for 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250-year return periods were 549.63, 1028.43, 1471.34, 2907.64, 3758.92, 4338.61, 4790.99, and 5167.23 cumecs, respectively, using LP-III. For Ram Munshibagh, the discharges were 602.13, 911.03, 1107.04, 1512.12, 1674.35, 1767.0, 1831.87, and 1881.74 cumecs using the gamma distribution. For Asham, the discharges were 685.8, 998.0, 1193.3, 1593.2, 1750.6, 1839.4, 1901.0, and 1948.0 cumecs using the GEV distribution. The findings indicate that the Jhelum River cannot accommodate excess discharge for return periods of 5 years or more, underscoring the need for enhanced flood management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feasibility study to estimate household water footprint in Iran: Adaptation and application of a localized questionnaire","authors":"Rezvaneh Barzegar Nemati ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Mahvi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ,&nbsp;Saeedeh Hemmati Borji ,&nbsp;Mahdi Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iran, grappling with the challenges common to arid and semi-arid regions, is confronting a significant freshwater scarcity that exacerbates its water crisis. Central to this issue is the provision of an adequate domestic water supply. This study embarked on adapting a localized water footprint questionnaire to gauge individual household water footprints within the Iranian context. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, we adapted and validated a water footprint questionnaire tool tailored for Iranian consumers. The original questionnaire, derived from watercalculator.org, comprises 35 questions encompassing direct household water use, direct non-household water use, and indirect water use. Following its translation, cultural adaptation, and validation, the questionnaire was deployed for data collection. The investigation unveiled average water footprints as follows: a direct indoor water footprint (DWF_in) of 133.31±65.54 lpcd, a direct outdoor water footprint (DWF_out) of 1.89±1.73 lpcd, and an indirect water footprint (IWF) of 4284.94±714.33 lpcd, culminating in an overall average water footprint (WF) of 4420.14 ± 695.17 lpcd. Despite the study's limitations, including a sample that may not fully capture all provincial demographics, the findings underscore the practicability of employing this methodology in Iran and the significant potential for water conservation through heightened awareness and the policy-driven implementation of water-efficient practices at the household level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000413/pdfft?md5=5c2a8e2e7a167f928671b04dcb6d7530&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000413-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection and adoption of water purification technologies in the bottled water industry in India","authors":"Aviram Sharma ,&nbsp;Saradindu Bhaduri","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, more than sixty per cent of the global bottled water manufacturing takes place in the countries of the global south. Despite being a low-tech sector, the industry is heavily influenced by the advancement and adoption of new water purification technologies and science-based regulations introduced by regulatory agencies. This paper examines the factors and mechanisms through which selection and adoption take place in this sector. The study draws upon firm-level surveys, expert interviews, ethnographic data, and select court cases and policy reports. We find that economic (firm’s size, firm’s age, and ownership structure) and socio-environmental factors (environmental subjectivities of major actors, regulatory (in-) capacity, role of supporting institutions) shape the pattern and combinations of technological adoption and technological changes at the firm level to meet the goals of “safety” and “quality”. However, the use of certain technologies are not devoid of serious environmental and public health concerns. The regulatory actors need to pay closer attention to the direct and indirect impacts of technology use on public health, the economy and the environment to make public policies more just and to meet sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting irrigation demand under IPCC climate change scenarios using WEAP modeling in the Rechna Doab, Pakistan","authors":"Hilal Khan,&nbsp;Zamil Bin Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pakistan is currently facing significant water scarcity issues, intensified by climate change. The main water source, the transboundary Indus River system, faces challenges such as water management, limited data availability, and inadequate management, leading to a gap between water demand and supply across various sectors. Agriculture, which consumes over 95 % of the country’s water resources, contributes nearly 25 % to the GDP, but is heavily dependent on irrigation due to limited rainfall. With rainfall meeting only 15 % of crop water requirements, groundwater plays a critical role, covering 40–60 % of irrigation needs. This study focuses on the Rechna Doab in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) model to assess the supply-demand gap under IPCC's climate change scenarios from Assessment Report Six (AR6). The main findings indicate: (1) Under SSP 8.5, unmet demand in the Upper Chenab Canal and other regions will increase by 33–47 % by mid-century; (2) demand site coverage will decline significantly, especially in Lower Gugera and Jhang branches; (3) groundwater dependency will increase substantially in response to the growing supply-demand gap. This work contributes to improving water management in Rechna Doab by providing a clear framework for adapting water resources to climate change using WEAP projections under various IPCC scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000383/pdfft?md5=4b76e99fe62e210c1e44fed37f4a1256&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient recovery in wastewater treatment plants through biosolids and struvite precipitation: Case study in Panama City","authors":"Antonio Santos Sánchez ,&nbsp;Karla Santos Oliveira Rodríguez-Esquerre ,&nbsp;Diego Lima Medeiros ,&nbsp;Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago ,&nbsp;Julian David Hunt ,&nbsp;Idelfonso Bessa dos Reis Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work assesses the nutrient recovery potential in Panama City’s wastewater facilities. Nutrients can be recovered by using biosolids, which are currently dumped in landfills, and by precipitating struvite from waste streams. The economic viability of four types of struvite reactors was analyzed. The installation of struvite systems is not profitable for the current discharge limit of 10 mg/l for P. However, for P limits of 4 mg/l and below, struvite systems would generate significant revenue due to savings in the chemicals needed to remove the excess of P. For a P limit of 4 mg/l, the best struvite reactor presented a payback time of 10 years and a return on investment of 13.68 %. It is concluded that in Panama, as in the rest of Latin American countries, nutrient discharge standards are currently too loose for struvite systems to become viable. Meanwhile, the use of biosolids is of particular interest as the standards for their use are already well developed. The use of biosolids from Panama City could supply 1.6 % of the consumption of fertilizers in the country. It was found that the quality of the biosolids that are produced in the region is satisfactory, and that the demand from potential users can be improved through composting the material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000401/pdfft?md5=78b840381407bcdb7628bf28112303f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired MXene membranes for enhanced separation and anti-fouling in oil-in-water emulsions: SHAP explainability ML","authors":"Nadeem Baig ,&nbsp;Sani I. Abba ,&nbsp;Jamil Usman ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Muhammad ,&nbsp;Ismail Abdulazeez ,&nbsp;A.G. Usman ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimizing membrane performance for efficient water treatment is crucial for sustainable development and environmental protection, aligning with UN SDGs. This study involves experimental design, statistical reliability of small data, and explainable machine learning (ML) using SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations). The research uses ML models and statistical tests to ensure data reliability and stationarity and investigate various membranes’ fouling and separation efficiency (MX-CM, PDMX-CM, and SPDMX-CM). Stationarity tests, including the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) tests, revealed that MX-CM is stationary at level (I(0)), while PDMX-CM and SPDMX-CM required first differencing (I(1)) to achieve stationarity. SHAP analysis showed that in the fouling study, higher values of PDMX-CM and MX-CM positively influenced model predictions, with SHAP values of +0.09 for Cycle, −0.06 for PDMX-CM, and −0.06 for MX-CM. In the separation efficiency study, Cycle had a neutral impact (0.00), PDMX-CM had a slight positive effect, and MX-CM had a slight negative impact. These findings highlight the importance of ensuring data stationarity and utilizing SHAP for model explainability in predicting membrane performance. Accurate preprocessing and model interpretation enhance decision-making and optimization in membrane fouling and separation efficiency studies, ensuring robust and reliable ML models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000395/pdfft?md5=059942ff5b23cfade4e6d95ffdbca46b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000395-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing residual chlorine levels for water security at the Lower Usuma Dam treatment plant: Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 6","authors":"Begmyrat Kulmedov ,&nbsp;Akaiku Lucy Achobe","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite advancements in water treatment, the degradation of water quality during distribution remains under-researched in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the physicochemical and microbial quality of the water distribution system, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which focuses on water and sanitation management. The effectiveness of water treatment and distribution processes was assessed, identifying variations in water quality across 11 distribution points. Although most physicochemical parameters met standards, manganese levels exceeded WHO guidelines at 10 locations, and low residual chlorine was linked to microbial contamination. These findings underscore the need for enhanced monitoring and treatment, providing recommendations to improve water quality management and protect public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000346/pdfft?md5=ff450e2cfd22a82ca7cb8f3756e56a20&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in the State of Gujarat, India Using Reliability Analysis","authors":"Dhruvin Sojitra ,&nbsp;Anurag Kandya ,&nbsp;M.A. Shabiimam","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) are integrated wastewater treatment systems meant to function as a consolidated process for several industrial units from a single industrial area. CETPs are installed as a common treatment plant to provide a uniform treatment system along with space and cost effectiveness and play an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and management. However, due to several reasons, including the varied nature of influent pollutants, the inability of CETPs to effectively treat wastewater can lead to contamination of water bodies in the city. Ahmedabad is an industrialized city in the state of Gujarat in India, where currently seven CETPs discharge their wastewater into the Sabarmati river. Due to the increased pollution in the Sabarmati river, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of these CETPs for their quality of wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to present a reliability analysis of these CETPs using statistical data obtained from official Government websites. An established methodology was used to calculate the coefficient of reliability in terms of compliance of effluent chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and phenolic compounds. The results revealed significant variations in the reliability levels across all CETPs. The reliability levels ranged from 7 - 99.99 % for COD, 25.5–99.99 % for BOD, 46.8–99.4 % for SS, 41.2–99.8 % for NH₃-N, and 85.2–98.1 % for PC. These discrepancies can be attributed to improper functioning in majority of CETPs. Further, the required operating mean concentrations for the studied parameters were obtained to improve the reliability level to 95 %. This study should definitely help the wastewater community as it can be applied to individual wastewater treatment plants to achieve optimum treatment performances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295026322400036X/pdfft?md5=6011fb9763f2cddc09c7ccba54e4db93&pid=1-s2.0-S295026322400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosing water security by water utilities","authors":"Cláudia O.M. Sousa,&nbsp;Nuno M.M.D. Fouto","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a scoring technique, we have developed a Water Security Reporting Index (WSRI) to assess the disclosed information pertaining to the preparedness for extreme water events among 15 Brazilian water utilities. This evaluation is based on the analysis of annual reports from water and sanitation companies. The WSRI incorporates seven dimensions: (i) Climate changes and their impacts on water availability; (ii) Water availability evaluation and measurement; (iii) Improvements in supply infrastructure systems; (iv) Demand-side infrastructure improvements; (v) User awareness creation; (vi) Water availability prediction; and (vii) Actions to prevent water availability issues. The findings reveal a paradoxical scenario where the WSRI falls significantly below the maximum score. Simultaneously, the growing concerns about the impacts of global change, leading to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, highlight a pressing issue in Brazil. Neglecting this concern implies disregarding the impending scarcity of water, the primary focus of water utilities. User awareness creation emerges as the dimension with the highest score. Conversely, water availability evaluation and prediction, along with demand-side infrastructure improvements, receive the least attention from water utility managers in terms of water security. This study underscores the disparity between the clear understanding that water supply companies possess regarding the impacts of climate change on the water industry and their failure to effectively communicate the actions they have adopted and planned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000358/pdfft?md5=388c11ae56830b6dd19ce10e05751d17&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}