Cleaner Water最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient recovery in wastewater treatment plants through biosolids and struvite precipitation: Case study in Panama City","authors":"Antonio Santos Sánchez ,&nbsp;Karla Santos Oliveira Rodríguez-Esquerre ,&nbsp;Diego Lima Medeiros ,&nbsp;Aníbal da Fonseca Santiago ,&nbsp;Julian David Hunt ,&nbsp;Idelfonso Bessa dos Reis Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work assesses the nutrient recovery potential in Panama City’s wastewater facilities. Nutrients can be recovered by using biosolids, which are currently dumped in landfills, and by precipitating struvite from waste streams. The economic viability of four types of struvite reactors was analyzed. The installation of struvite systems is not profitable for the current discharge limit of 10 mg/l for P. However, for P limits of 4 mg/l and below, struvite systems would generate significant revenue due to savings in the chemicals needed to remove the excess of P. For a P limit of 4 mg/l, the best struvite reactor presented a payback time of 10 years and a return on investment of 13.68 %. It is concluded that in Panama, as in the rest of Latin American countries, nutrient discharge standards are currently too loose for struvite systems to become viable. Meanwhile, the use of biosolids is of particular interest as the standards for their use are already well developed. The use of biosolids from Panama City could supply 1.6 % of the consumption of fertilizers in the country. It was found that the quality of the biosolids that are produced in the region is satisfactory, and that the demand from potential users can be improved through composting the material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000401/pdfft?md5=78b840381407bcdb7628bf28112303f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired MXene membranes for enhanced separation and anti-fouling in oil-in-water emulsions: SHAP explainability ML","authors":"Nadeem Baig ,&nbsp;Sani I. Abba ,&nbsp;Jamil Usman ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Muhammad ,&nbsp;Ismail Abdulazeez ,&nbsp;A.G. Usman ,&nbsp;Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimizing membrane performance for efficient water treatment is crucial for sustainable development and environmental protection, aligning with UN SDGs. This study involves experimental design, statistical reliability of small data, and explainable machine learning (ML) using SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations). The research uses ML models and statistical tests to ensure data reliability and stationarity and investigate various membranes’ fouling and separation efficiency (MX-CM, PDMX-CM, and SPDMX-CM). Stationarity tests, including the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) tests, revealed that MX-CM is stationary at level (I(0)), while PDMX-CM and SPDMX-CM required first differencing (I(1)) to achieve stationarity. SHAP analysis showed that in the fouling study, higher values of PDMX-CM and MX-CM positively influenced model predictions, with SHAP values of +0.09 for Cycle, −0.06 for PDMX-CM, and −0.06 for MX-CM. In the separation efficiency study, Cycle had a neutral impact (0.00), PDMX-CM had a slight positive effect, and MX-CM had a slight negative impact. These findings highlight the importance of ensuring data stationarity and utilizing SHAP for model explainability in predicting membrane performance. Accurate preprocessing and model interpretation enhance decision-making and optimization in membrane fouling and separation efficiency studies, ensuring robust and reliable ML models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000395/pdfft?md5=059942ff5b23cfade4e6d95ffdbca46b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000395-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing residual chlorine levels for water security at the Lower Usuma Dam treatment plant: Implications for Sustainable Development Goal 6","authors":"Begmyrat Kulmedov ,&nbsp;Akaiku Lucy Achobe","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite advancements in water treatment, the degradation of water quality during distribution remains under-researched in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the physicochemical and microbial quality of the water distribution system, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which focuses on water and sanitation management. The effectiveness of water treatment and distribution processes was assessed, identifying variations in water quality across 11 distribution points. Although most physicochemical parameters met standards, manganese levels exceeded WHO guidelines at 10 locations, and low residual chlorine was linked to microbial contamination. These findings underscore the need for enhanced monitoring and treatment, providing recommendations to improve water quality management and protect public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000346/pdfft?md5=ff450e2cfd22a82ca7cb8f3756e56a20&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) in the State of Gujarat, India Using Reliability Analysis","authors":"Dhruvin Sojitra ,&nbsp;Anurag Kandya ,&nbsp;M.A. Shabiimam","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) are integrated wastewater treatment systems meant to function as a consolidated process for several industrial units from a single industrial area. CETPs are installed as a common treatment plant to provide a uniform treatment system along with space and cost effectiveness and play an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and management. However, due to several reasons, including the varied nature of influent pollutants, the inability of CETPs to effectively treat wastewater can lead to contamination of water bodies in the city. Ahmedabad is an industrialized city in the state of Gujarat in India, where currently seven CETPs discharge their wastewater into the Sabarmati river. Due to the increased pollution in the Sabarmati river, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of these CETPs for their quality of wastewater treatment. The aim of this study was to present a reliability analysis of these CETPs using statistical data obtained from official Government websites. An established methodology was used to calculate the coefficient of reliability in terms of compliance of effluent chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen, and phenolic compounds. The results revealed significant variations in the reliability levels across all CETPs. The reliability levels ranged from 7 - 99.99 % for COD, 25.5–99.99 % for BOD, 46.8–99.4 % for SS, 41.2–99.8 % for NH₃-N, and 85.2–98.1 % for PC. These discrepancies can be attributed to improper functioning in majority of CETPs. Further, the required operating mean concentrations for the studied parameters were obtained to improve the reliability level to 95 %. This study should definitely help the wastewater community as it can be applied to individual wastewater treatment plants to achieve optimum treatment performances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295026322400036X/pdfft?md5=6011fb9763f2cddc09c7ccba54e4db93&pid=1-s2.0-S295026322400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosing water security by water utilities","authors":"Cláudia O.M. Sousa,&nbsp;Nuno M.M.D. Fouto","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a scoring technique, we have developed a Water Security Reporting Index (WSRI) to assess the disclosed information pertaining to the preparedness for extreme water events among 15 Brazilian water utilities. This evaluation is based on the analysis of annual reports from water and sanitation companies. The WSRI incorporates seven dimensions: (i) Climate changes and their impacts on water availability; (ii) Water availability evaluation and measurement; (iii) Improvements in supply infrastructure systems; (iv) Demand-side infrastructure improvements; (v) User awareness creation; (vi) Water availability prediction; and (vii) Actions to prevent water availability issues. The findings reveal a paradoxical scenario where the WSRI falls significantly below the maximum score. Simultaneously, the growing concerns about the impacts of global change, leading to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, highlight a pressing issue in Brazil. Neglecting this concern implies disregarding the impending scarcity of water, the primary focus of water utilities. User awareness creation emerges as the dimension with the highest score. Conversely, water availability evaluation and prediction, along with demand-side infrastructure improvements, receive the least attention from water utility managers in terms of water security. This study underscores the disparity between the clear understanding that water supply companies possess regarding the impacts of climate change on the water industry and their failure to effectively communicate the actions they have adopted and planned.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000358/pdfft?md5=388c11ae56830b6dd19ce10e05751d17&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental justice indicators: Evaluating their effectiveness in identifying at-risk communities for drinking water violations","authors":"Rae Cade ,&nbsp;Danlin Yu ,&nbsp;Kyle Whyte ,&nbsp;Pankaj Lal ,&nbsp;Cortni Borgerson","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite improvements to environmental protection initiatives, millions of Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC) continue to live in communities that are disproportionately affected by environmental contamination. Environmental Justice (EJ) screening tools, such as CalEnviroScreen, EJ Map, and PennEnviroScreen, have been developed to help state and federal governments gauge the extent of EJ in their jurisdictions. These screening tools have propelled the EJ advocacy initiative, illustrating the historic and ongoing disproportionate effects of contamination in many BIPOC communities. Yet, screening tools and their indicators vary, and we must understand how these tools and indicator choices differently identify at-risk communities, including those facing drinking water violations. We investigate how indicator choices differently identify and affect communities facing such violations. Specifically, we examine how EJ screening tools differently identify at-risk communities experiencing drinking water violations, which indicators drive these differences, and how indicator choice affects community identification. Our analysis reveals that EJ screen indicators preferentially identify at-risk, low-income, unemployed, BIPOC renters. However, additional indicators such as middle-income and food insecurity/SNAP can expand identification to ensure actions reach neglected communities. By developing and enhancing EJ screening tools, we can better determine which drinking water violations are present, identify who is being affected by them, and better direct our mitigation efforts to communities in need of assistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000334/pdfft?md5=1ec5325356495fb91a10369348a62c1b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial cell factories in the degradation of azo-dye and their limiting factors: An insight","authors":"Sahiba Khan,&nbsp;Debajit Borah","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Azo dyes are the most commonly produced dyes worldwide, characterized by their distinct azo groups (-N<img>N-) in their chemical structure. These dyes are xenobiotic and notably resistant to degradation. Approximately 20 % of all water body contamination is caused exclusively by textile effluents, which are released into the environment either deliberately or accidentally, leading to significant environmental toxicity. While numerous physical and chemical treatment methods are available, they each have their own drawbacks. Therefore, this comprehensive review explores the role of various microbes, including bacteria, bacterial consortia, fungi, algae, and lichens, along with their limiting factors. The review also delves into the role of various microbial enzymes and their encoding genes, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. This study emphasizes the potential of microbial bioremediation as a cost-effective and eco-friendly tool for treating azo dye-contaminated water, in comparison to other techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000322/pdfft?md5=0bf1f28e2de5a0e5fc503ecb1a64dbd6&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000322-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of cathodic materials and optimization of the removal of the chromium (VI) from tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation","authors":"Romuald Teguia Doumbi ,&nbsp;Jean Olivier Kowe ,&nbsp;Domga ,&nbsp;Djonga weldi Gnowe ,&nbsp;Guy Bertrand Noumi","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work focuses on the optimization of the removal percentage of Chromium (VI) from a real tannery effluent by electrocoagulation process (EC). The influence of high efficiency cathodic materials (titanium and nickel) was also investigated in this work. The tannery effluent is from the town of Maroua in the Far North Region in Cameroon. The effectiveness of the main operational parameters such as current intensity, initial Cr (VI) concentration, initial pH as well as solution conductivity was examined. All experiments were carried out in an electrocoagulation cell with an effective volume of 400 mL using two electrode combinations as anode/cathode (Al/Ti and Al/Ni). It was found that the Al/Ti combination exhibits higher removal efficiency than Al/Ni under the same operational conditions. Cr (VI) removal efficiencies of 90.93 % and 84.30 % were respectively observed for the Al/Ti and Al/Ni electrodes with an optimal initial pH (pH=6). The maximum current intensity, the maximum initial Cr (VI) concentration as well as the NaCl concentration were 0.4 A, 10 mg/L Cr(VI) and 1.5 g/L respectively. Response surface methodology by the mean of central composite design was performed. The influence of current intensity (100–300 mA), electrolysis time (10–30 min) and interelectrode spacing (1–3 cm), the probability and the mathematical model were highly discussed. According to the experimental design results, the removal of Cr (VI) in the real tannery effluent was up to 99.58 %. For the aforementioned efficiency it requires the optimum values of 211.891 mA, 36.8179 min and 1.609 cm for current intensity, time and the interelectrode spacing, respectively. EC has shown to be easy to operate, to be economic by using cheaper electrodes and efficient for the treatment of real tannery effluent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000309/pdfft?md5=5c4e074ba3ee71a2cb02dab3160f6f11&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000309-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141998618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rankala Lake quarry water purification via a dual strategy involving hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation","authors":"Amarsinh L. Jadhav ,&nbsp;Parvez A. Gardi ,&nbsp;Amruta A. Bhosale ,&nbsp;Prajeet A. Kadam ,&nbsp;Dhairyasheel P. Ghorpade","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research presents a ground-breaking approach to wastewater treatment that leverages hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation with unprecedented efficiency and environmental benefits by resolving the concern of the ever-present paradox of water scarcity and persistent pollutants in wastewater, and it compels scientists to relentlessly pursue innovative and eco-friendly treatment solutions. This study introduces a pioneering method for treating wastewater employing a sequential approach of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) coupled with subsequent ozonation (O3). This research examined the process of purifying rainwater collected from the Rankala Lake quarry in Kolhapur, India. The treatment, which lasted for approximately 7 hours each day over a span of three weeks, resulted in notable enhancements in water quality. The initial greenish discoloration and bad odor were notably eradicated within a week, without any chemical additives. The microbial burden decreased significantly from 10⁵ CFU/mL to 10² CFU/mL, indicating a strong level of disinfection. The COD decreased significantly from 110 ppm to less than 10 ppm, while the BOD decreased dramatically to undetectable levels (0 ppm) from 55 ppm. In addition, there was a slight change in the concentration of chloride, water hardness, clarity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). This exemplifies the efficacy of the cavitation process coupled with ozonation for converting polluted, discolored, and malodorous water into purified water appropriate for diverse uses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000310/pdfft?md5=f07263d82a84c1caffe71aea79a0fb9d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from Malaysian palm oil mill effluent (POME) using optimized operating parameters of peat soil as natural adsorbent","authors":"Md. Arif Hossen ,&nbsp;Nurashikin Yaacof ,&nbsp;Fariha Najwa Azahar ,&nbsp;Noraziah Ahmad ,&nbsp;Azrina Abd Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clwat.2024.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, the use of natural absorbents to remove pollutants from POME has gained remarkable attention. The main objective of this study is to investigate the suitability and performance of modified peat soil as an adsorbent for the removal of NH₃-N from POME. The chemical activation method was performed using readily available NaOH for the first time to improve the adsorption performance of naturally available low-cost peat soil. The physical properties of raw and modified peat soil were determined using water-holding capacity, moisture content, bulk density, porosity, and BET surface area. The adsorbents were also characterized by SEM and FTIR to investigate surface morphology and chemical composition. To optimize the experimental parameters namely adsorbent dosage, agitation rate, and contact time for removal of NH₃-N from POME, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in this study with two different activation ratios. Substantial improvement of physical properties was attained after the modification of raw peat soil. The SEM images of modified peat soil showed a more porous space structure with larger voids while the FT-IR demonstrated the distinctive functional groups in the raw and modified peat soil. At optimized conditions of 5.71 g/L adsorbent dosage, 50 rpm agitation rate, and 38.96 min contact time predicted removal efficiency of NH₃-N has been revealed 64.06 and 58.74 % at 1:20 and 1:30 activation ratios, respectively. The experimental investigation using optimized parameters showed 69.12 ± 2.5 and 61.57 ± 4.3 % removal of NH₃-N. The experimental and predicted results showed good agreement. The rapid removal of NH₃-N (69.1 % within 39 min) was achieved by chemically modified peat soil in this study compared to previously reported studies. Nevertheless, the raw and modified peat soil showed good stability up to three cycles of reusability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100257,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Water","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950263224000292/pdfft?md5=b1bf35d3dde811f6bad83e02a10feb48&pid=1-s2.0-S2950263224000292-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141990493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}