Cleaner Energy Systems最新文献

{"title":"Valorisation of biogas for market development and remission of environmental nuisance in Uganda","authors":"Irene Namugenyi ,&nbsp;Joachim Scholderer","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Uganda, biogas is a low-value product considered a pro-poor renewable energy source. Farmers with excess biogas release it into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. This study used mixed data sources and methods to explore how biogas can be valorised to become a valued commercial energy source in Uganda and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results reveal the inefficiency of current biogas purification processes: the concentration of methane (CH₄) in the upgraded gas was only 58 %, far below the standard specification of 98 %. The pilot production process never came close to even the lower specification level of 95 % for upgraded methane and the upper specification level of 5 % for carbon dioxide (CO₂). The presence of traces of H₂S, water and oxygen could lead to the corrosion of storage equipment and complicate the use of the gas. The study also found that small-scale biogas producers with excess gas have a high desire to sell it but have currently no clear idea of how to valorise it to reach the market. Our market analysis revealed three promising customer segments: bioenergy entrepreneurs, gas companies and electricity suppliers. Taken together, our findings imply that to become a commercially viable energy source, the quality of biogas needs to be improved using valorisation strategies like monitoring gas quality, shaping the market, market research and certification and controls. The national bioenergy policy could consider subsidising valorisation technologies to make them affordable for farmers and thus support a more climate-smart biogas commercialisation process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000104/pdfft?md5=3146aa38778fe4ea4bce2999c2da080f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy assessments of concrete incorporating waste tire rubber and waste brick powder: A comparative analysis of various concrete grades","authors":"David Sinkhonde","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some non-conventional concrete mixes are a new generation of concrete characterised by reduced energy requirements during their production. Compared with conventional concrete, some non-conventional concrete mixes incorporating waste materials have reduced energy requirements due to their excellent abilities in constraining high energy requirement values of conventional concrete ingredients. Despite several studies on energy requirement of non-conventional concrete, the underlying reduction of energy requirement of concrete containing waste tire rubber (WTR) and waste brick powder (WBP) is not completely understood due to the absence of appropriate studies in this area. In this study, the energy requirements of control and non-conventional concrete mixes among various concrete grades (20 MPa, 25 MPa and 30 MPa) are developed in conjunction with the compressive strength results of concrete, to generate eco-concrete mixes with reduced energy requirements and considerable strength performances. The results indicate that inclusion of WTR and WBP in concrete reduces the energy consumption of concrete. It is shown that the choice of amounts of WTR and WBP in concrete should not only be based on the drive to reduce energy consumption, but also the motivation to avoid substantial reduction in concrete compressive strength. For all concrete grades, the reductions in compressive strength of 5P20T mixes (5 % WBP and 20 % WTR) need to be greater than 32.57 % compared with 0P0T mixes, to achieve concrete energy requirement reductions of less than 5.56 %. Moreover, the reductions in energy requirements of concrete for 5P10T mixes are nearly 5 % for all concrete grades, with reductions in compressive strength being in the range of 11.67 % – 16.87 %. The study establishes that 5P10T concrete mixes provide a route for reductions in energy requirement of concrete without substantial reductions in compressive strength. These results therefore imply the exciting possibility that the energy requirement of concrete can be tailored by controlling the replacement levels of conventional concrete ingredients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000098/pdfft?md5=8ec2b0f493fa5028d6d63d9ad83ad1b7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a scale to determine electricity generation preferences of Turkish citizens","authors":"Mustafa Ozcan ,&nbsp;Turan Tolga Vuranok","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citizens' views should be clearly and openly presented to policymakers in decision-making processes regarding energy policies. Policy makers need to take into account the views of the public in order to provide support for the policies they will pursue. In this study, which was conducted using quantitative research methods, a scale was developed to determine the electricity generation preferences of individuals. Within the scope of the study, the validity and reliability analyses of this scale, whose items were developed by the researchers based on the literature review, were carried out. The results of the analyses show that the items under different factors exemplify similar behaviors and the internal consistency of the scale is high. The scale consists of 15 items and three sub-dimensions related to renewable, nuclear and thermal energy sources. Using this scale, the preferences of individuals in certain regions regarding energy production can be determined in a valid and reliable manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000086/pdfft?md5=0e0aebb2a6ac43e4a628f61d0d2db709&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000086-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, modeling, and optimization of a novel 6 kWe hybrid solid oxide fuel cell high temperature-proton exchange membrane fuel cell system","authors":"Alexandros Arsalis","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates a novel approach in terms of design, configuration, heat integration and optimization of a 6 kWe total energy system fueled with natural gas. Specifically, a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is used for both electricity generation and fuel reforming, since its exhaust stream fuels a polybenzimidazole (PBI)-based, High Temperature-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC). The study investigates the possible advantages of such a system in both technical and economic terms. After modeling each component/subsystem, the total system model is optimized with the objective function aiming to maximize the net electrical efficiency of the total hybrid system. The system is optimized with a genetic algorithm-based optimization strategy, reaching a net electrical efficiency of 43.6 %. In comparison to standalone fuel cell systems with the same net electrical power output, the proposed hybrid system outperforms both an HT-PEMFC system and an SOFC system, which perform at net electrical efficiencies of 23.2 % and 40.7 %, respectively. Also, the lifecycle cost for the proposed system is $64,097, which is lower than both standalone HT-PEMFC and SOFC systems. Therefore, with the current high rising costs for natural gas, such highly efficient systems are likely to become important elements of the future energy infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000074/pdfft?md5=9eebf67580c538831dbf5265e20ede7e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140062211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of prosumer-based energy system for rural areas by using TRNSYS software","authors":"Aqsa Rana ,&nbsp;Gyula Gróf","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prosumers are the new performers progressing towards a low-carbon future. Renewable-based power generation is essential, even in rural areas, to pave a path toward sustainable development. This study establishes a simulation model for two identical residential buildings to assess the prosumer's impact on future local (standalone) energy systems. According to the climate condition of Pakistan, the technical, economic, and environmental performance of the standalone system is evaluated using TRNSYS software. Assumptions and modeling of different components, photovoltaic (PV) panels, and batteries are also discussed. This study provides the starting point of a real-time framework of energy trade between two rural houses connected with a common microgrid. Both houses are medium-sized family houses with almost identical electricity demands. One house has PV mounted on the rooftop, with the battery as an optimal energy storage option. Attention is given to peak demand management and surplus energy during enough production hours. A dynamic energy management approach between two buildings is proposed based on TRNSYS and blockchain. Simulation results show that the real-time implementation of local energy production and energy trading at the household level facilitates achieving the dual benefits of reducing consumer costs and maximizing self-consumption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000049/pdfft?md5=ee62cda53e96a133fef39958d7600b1a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000049-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of low-cost thermoelectric integrated rocket stove","authors":"Tigist Elias Haile ,&nbsp;Kamil Dino Adem","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fuel wood is the most important source of cooking energy for households in developing countries such as Ethiopia, particularly in rural areas where alternative sources are either unavailable or simply unaffordable. Even if the country is using different electricity generation methods, it has not been enough to meet the surplus need of society. In this research, a thermoelectric generator integrated biomass rocket stove was designed and a prototype of the stove was manufactured. The performance evaluation was conducted using laboratory-based measurement ISO 19,867–1. The overall thermal efficiency of the stove was around 29 %. The TEG rocket stove was able to run a fan directly. To get a uniform output voltage a DC-DC boost converter was used. After being connected to the DC-DC converter it was able to generate an output voltage of 5 V and output power of 3.5W- 5 W depending on the current produced. At an average temperature difference of 90 °C, the stove was able to generate an output power of 5 W with a conversion efficiency of 4.3 %. The TEG rocket stove was able to light LED lamps that require a USB input of 2.5 W, charge mobile phones, tablets, and a Bluetooth radio that requires an input power of 5 W. The estimated cost of thermoelectric generating rocket stove is 92 USD with a lifetime of at least five years. The stove can further be designed for mass manufacturing so that it is disseminated to the rural community in developing worlds such as Ethiopia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000062/pdfft?md5=e64af077f5fab3f755091693814064a6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency retrofitting measures of an institutional building: A case study in eastern India","authors":"Renu Sharma ,&nbsp;Sonali Goel ,&nbsp;Saumya Ranjan Lenka ,&nbsp;Priya Ranjan Satpathy","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions are major concerns in India. Building energy use in India accounts for 33 % of total energy consumption and is growing at an annual rate of 8 %. In order to save energy, energy conservation in buildings should be given primary importance. Energy conservation practices can reduce energy use in buildings while maintaining thermal comfort. This can be achieved by optimising existing energy use or lowering consumption. One such initiative was undertaken by Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University. It analysed the energy consumption pattern and possible energy conservation opportunities (ECOs) to lower energy usage in its buildings at campus 1 in Bhubaneswar. The Energy Conservation Building Code Odisha (OECBC) was followed to reduce energy use by replacing all the damaged windows with efficient glazing. By following OECBC guidelines, we can save up to 30 % of the energy consumed by an existing building. Besides, energy conservation measures were performed by replacing ceiling fans with brushless direct current (BLDC) fans, existing lights with LED bulbs, and using variable speed drives instead of induction motors. This study will help to define the most efficient energy conservation measures for existing buildings in terms of cost and energy savings. Retrofitting the present building with energy-saving devices will cost INR 21, 32, 90,152 with an overall annual energy savings of 47, 28,177 kWh and a yearly cost saving of INR 319,66,703.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000050/pdfft?md5=d67d985d635f2c32b20674cca45da6e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New markets for local, renewable, or affordable energy? A segmentation analysis to identify consumer preferences for decentralized energy markets","authors":"Maria Lagomarsino ,&nbsp;Melanie Herrmann ,&nbsp;Ulf.J.J. Hahnel ,&nbsp;Tobias Brosch","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2024.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local Energy Markets (LEMs) allow direct citizen involvement in energy production and trading. A study surveyed 636 Swiss electricity consumers using choice-based conjoint analysis to explore preferences for various LEM characteristics. Three consumer segments emerged: 'Renewable energy enthusiasts' (42 %), interested in energy mix and community PV investment; 'Price sensitives' (30 %), driven mainly by costs; and 'Uninvolved' (28 %), focused on energy mix but hesitant about PV investment. Demographic and psychological variables helped characterize these segments, suggesting tailored communication strategies to boost participation in future energy markets. Communication strategies should focus on ‘Renewable energy enthusiasts’ segment and should emphasize environmental benefits and community engagement to leverage their high motivation for involvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000037/pdfft?md5=602387bebc2c7d29428f2faaa3ed4b0a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied impacts of buildings from energy-carbon-water nexus perspective: A case study of university buildings","authors":"M.K. Dixit ,&nbsp;P. Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cles.2024.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite extensive investment in energy efficiency efforts, the energy footprint of the building sector still contains over 40 % of the world's annual consumption of energy. Although most of a building's life cycle energy use comes from operational activities, a portion of it stems from embodied energy (EE), which is directly expended in a building's construction and indirectly consumed using materials. Because each material consumes not only different amounts but also different types of energy sources, studying embodied carbon (EC) is equally important. The building construction sector also consumes nearly 1/5th of global fresh water, which is becoming a grave concern, given the increasing frequency of droughts and wildfires. The fact that material manufacturing and construction processes also consume water makes it essential to not just assess energy and carbon but also embodied water (EW). The literature recommends evaluating total EW including direct and indirect EW as well as any EW associated with EE use. In this paper, macroeconomic models are utilized to compute and analyze the energy, carbon emission, and water embodied in four university buildings. The results show that the total EE, EC, and EW values for the four case study buildings vary from 13.1 to 51.1 GJ/m², 1.4–10.0 kgCO₂/m², and 2,820–12,900 gal./m², respectively. The EE values also show a near perfect positive correlation with EW values. However, the share of EREW in the total EW ranges from 13 % to 16 %, indicating that a decrease in EE use may not help decrease a majority of EW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783124000025/pdfft?md5=ccab8e5cea28b01289f137261a1cd676&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783124000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and modeling of the performance of compression ignition engine fired on biofuel from non-edible vegetable oils","authors":"A.R. Soji-Adekunle ,&nbsp;E. Betiku ,&nbsp;A.A. Asere ,&nbsp;O.A. Falowo ,&nbsp;T.F. Oyewusi ,&nbsp;B.S. Adeboye","doi":"10.1016/j.cles.2023.100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cles.2023.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compression ignition CI engine are versatile engines required for both industrial and domestic purposes. CI finds application in household mill, transportation and as components in energy plants. Operating the CI engine with biodiesel and its combination with fossil-based diesel is being encouraged to combat environmental menace of using only fossil diesel. This current work seeks to probe into comparison between the use of biodiesel and its emulsion to improve the performance CI engine. Methyl esters was synthesized from blends of three nonedible oils; Tevetia Peruviana, Honne and Neem (THN) using catalyst made from three bio wastes mixture. The production process was optimized using Taguchi tool. The THN methyl esters (THNME) obtained was assessed for fuel properties. Box Behnken tool was adopted to generate 17 investigational steps to explore the effect of THNME 100 and parts containing 20% and 60% of THNME on the fuel efficiency and safety of the CI engine. These fuel mixes were used as fuel in an unmodified single cylinder CI engine. The engine was operated on three engine loads (EL) 25%, 50% and 75% as well as engine speeds (ES) 1500, 2500 and 3500 rpm (rpm). The result obtained showed that blend of THNME with fossil diesel has the minimum exhaust gas temperature EGT. ANOVA of the performance result shows that the model developed is suitable to predict the behaviour of brake power and exhaust gas temperature only. This work conclude that B20 is moderately fuel efficient and safer for the unmodified engine in terms of EGT <strong>and BSFC</strong>.</p><p>Novelty: Emulsion of THNME B20 is a preferred fuel for the safety of the unmodified CI engine because of low EGT</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100252,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772783123000559/pdfft?md5=b8065b3ca18fbc81e0e9b3f099ac5be0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772783123000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}