K.H. Doughty , J.A. Middleton , M.J. Salini , M.E. Kragt , J.C. Partridge , J.M. Hemmi , B.C. Martin
{"title":"Food for thought: Valuable bioproduction pathways emerge in a circular food production model","authors":"K.H. Doughty , J.A. Middleton , M.J. Salini , M.E. Kragt , J.C. Partridge , J.M. Hemmi , B.C. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring the production and supply of food, fuel and other resources meets growing demands is among the world's most important and difficult challenges. The climate crisis, loss of biodiversity, limited resources and immense wastage have resulted in a lack of food availability, accessibility, and affordability. Transitioning to a circular production model provides one of the most straightforward strategies to address these problems and improve food systems’ efficiency, inclusiveness, resilience, and sustainability. A circular production model is one in which waste streams, a renewable bio-resource, are kept in the system and recycled into matter or energy. Industrial-scale insect rearing offers a marketable solution to convert large quantities of organic waste biomass into food and high-value bioproducts with lower resource dependency and environmental impacts than current systems. This paper presents a review of the literature on the feasibility of using insect biotechnology to implement circularity in food production systems by critically analyzing a circular model in its entirety, including all emerging production pathways. Using black soldier fly mass-rearing as a model system, we outline the environmental and socio economic benefits from bio-converting waste streams for food production and a range of novel raw material pathways; including chitin, agricultural fertilisers and bio-fuels, which emerge within the model. This review addresses challenges in achieving scalability, reducing food safety risks, and establishing regulatory frameworks and legislation if we are to see a global transition. A circular production model is a practical and applicable method to develop sustainable and resilient food systems and address the global challenges of food security and climate change across multiple disciplines and industries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000307/pdfft?md5=7ec68742bb8ed2ade9acf27923b7e8b0&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pia Szichta , Michael Risse , Gabriele Weber-Blaschke , Klaus Richter
{"title":"Environmental potentials from wood cascading: A future-oriented consequential yet dynamic approach considering market and time-dependent biogenic carbon effects for selected scenarios under German conditions","authors":"Pia Szichta , Michael Risse , Gabriele Weber-Blaschke , Klaus Richter","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As sustainable forestry limits the roundwood supply, wood cascading emerges as a promising concept to meet the growing demand resulting from Germany's transition to a bioeconomy. To assess the environmental impacts of wood cascading resulting from shifting the incineration of recovered wood and the associated substitution of future energy mixes and materials, a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) of a wood cascading system providing glued-laminated timber (GLT), particleboard, heat, and electricity is conducted. The assessment of environmental consequences requires a holistic approach, including future-oriented German energy and market scenarios. Furthermore, to analyze the impact of biogenic carbon dynamics, this CLCA was coupled with a dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA) considering forest growth scenarios and temporal aspects. The results indicate a strong influence of market shifts related to material substitution, followed by energy substitution on the environmental impacts of wood cascading. In fact, the results endorse the implementation of the concept of high-quality wood cascading for substituting non-wood products in Germany, as a transformational path towards a bioeconomy and the achievement of net greenhouse gas neutrality. Compared to the effects of the material and energy substitution scenarios, the forest growth scenarios, which focus on tree species composition influenced by future temperature change and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration scenarios, only show a minor influence on global warming impacts. As the findings from applying DLCA contrast with the static approach, it emphasizes the importance of a time-differentiated analysis of biogenic carbon in the evaluation of wood cascading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000319/pdfft?md5=1d334fc6fac5c78316da528727b4b7aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000319-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabrielle Young , Helen Grogan , Lael Walsh , Ralph Noble , Saoirse Tracy , Olaf Schmidt
{"title":"Peat alternative casing materials for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms – A systematic review","authors":"Gabrielle Young , Helen Grogan , Lael Walsh , Ralph Noble , Saoirse Tracy , Olaf Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Agaricus bisporus</em> mushrooms are an economically important crop in Ireland and globally. Currently black peat plays a key role in mushroom production and the industry is under pressure to find alternatives. Peat is the primary component of mushroom ‘casing’, which is a layer applied on top of the growing substrate. This provides moisture and induces the fungal reproductive phase. Further to producing mushroom yield and quality comparable to peat, alternative materials must also be easily sourced and economically viable for growers. This systematic review was based on articles related to mushroom production on alternative casing materials published between 1970 and 2023. A wide range of alternative materials have been tested, with varying degrees of success. Specific combinations of alternative materials may offer superior performance. Additionally, there was little consistency in both experimental approach and materials utilised. For example, while peat is used as a control, the properties of this peat vary depending on origin. The same was true of ostensibly similar alternative casing materials, which frequently had been processed differently or had different origins potentially divergently altering their properties. These inconsistencies hamper the compilation and evaluation of findings from previous studies, which is vital in informing the direction of future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000289/pdfft?md5=fa35f02c5f9468a3e0233b796444fa04&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From waste to wealth: Exploring biochar's potential in energy generation and waste mitigation","authors":"Kwame Anokye","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has garnered increasing attention as an alternative source of energy and a sustainable waste management solution. This narrative review examines the potential of biochar technologies in addressing energy generation and waste mitigation challenges, with a specific focus on its relevance to Ghana's socio-economic and environmental context. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of literature, the review explores key findings regarding policy frameworks, market mechanisms, and practical implications for biochar adoption. This study integrates insights from various disciplines, including environmental science, renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable development. Through synthesizing diverse perspectives, it offers a holistic understanding of biochar's potential applications and impacts. The study highlights the importance of robust policy frameworks and market mechanisms in fostering the adoption of biochar technologies, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches that align with Ghana's development priorities. Thus, integrating multiple perspectives, identifying practical strategies, suggesting future research directions and identifying practical implications and recommendations this review contributes to advancing our understanding of biochar technologies and their potential contributions to sustainable development in Ghana and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000290/pdfft?md5=f7adff64baee5b47930f9e5341469b6b&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participation in livestock-based interventions and its impact on food security in Bangladesh: A quasi-experimental method","authors":"Paresh Kumar Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Livestock-based interventions play a critical role in enhancing food security in developing countries like Bangladesh, contributing to enhanced livestock productivity, improved household income, ensured food security, women's empowerment, livelihoods advancement, and positioning agriculture as a catalyst for economic growth. The study specifically examines the impact of the livestock and dairy development project (LDDP) intervention on food security in rural livestock farming households in Bangladesh. We gathered data, we are employing simple random sampling, and collecting 180 cross-sectional primary data from both LDDP participants and non-participants. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and propensity score matching approaches were utilized to achieve our research objectives. Livestock farming households with LDDP participants exhibited higher food security, with beneficiaries surpassing non-participants by 52 % and 40 %, respectively. The mean per capita calorie intake for LDDP participant households was 1966.134 (Kcal), whereas non-participant households recorded 1762.130 (Kcal). The results demonstrate that LDDP intervention significantly and positively impacts food security, women's empowerment, household welfare, and income. These interventions have the potential to enhance nutrition and boost household income, thereby contributing to the stability of food security. Consequently, we recommended an expansion of LDDP intervention, encompassing less resourceful farmers with adequate logistical support. This study illustrates how employing propensity score matching method (PSM) and implementing the LDDP intervention can effectively improve food security in livestock farming households in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000265/pdfft?md5=5cc842cd28876063ccdaa879ee40f7e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000265-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashish Alex , Anil Raj Kizha , Alex K. George , Steven Bick , Jingxin Wang , Sharon Klein , Libin T. Louis , Ling Li , Priyan Perera , Abha Manohar K
{"title":"Carbon footprint of the predominant mechanized timber harvesting methods in the Northeastern US","authors":"Ashish Alex , Anil Raj Kizha , Alex K. George , Steven Bick , Jingxin Wang , Sharon Klein , Libin T. Louis , Ling Li , Priyan Perera , Abha Manohar K","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating carbon footprint of forest operations is essential to budget the environmental impacts of the industry. The study objectives were to a) assess the carbon footprint of whole-tree (WT), cut-to-length (CTL), and hybrid cut-to-length (Hyb CTL) harvesting methods in the Northeastern US; b) assess global warming potential of various processes involved in timber harvesting for different harvest methods; and c) evaluate variation in the carbon footprint for the summer and winter harvest. SimaPro 9.3.0.3 software and allied databases (USLCI and US-EI 2.2) adhering to ISO 14,040 and 14,044 standards were used for cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) with a functional unit of 1 tonne of green roundwood. Tool for reduction and assessment of chemicals and other environmental impacts (TRACI v 2.1) was used for impact assessment. The input variables were quantity of fuel (liter tonne<sup>-1</sup>) and lubricants (kg tonne<sup>-1</sup>) for respective harvesting operations. The results of LCA showed that carbon footprint was highest for WT (11.57 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq), followed by Hyb CTL (11.09 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq) and CTL (9.91 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq) methods. Secondary transportation (trucking) had highest global warming potential among the processes. Winter harvest had a higher carbon footprint than summer by 2 and 3 percent, respectively, for CTL and Hyb CTL methods. The extra time needed to warm up engine resulted in a higher carbon footprint for winter harvest. Higher carbon footprint for WT method can be attributed to greater number of equipment involved for WT resulting in more fuel consumption, compared to other methods. Among the stump-to-landing processes, skidding contributed foremost in WT, whereas felling and processing in CTL, and processing in Hyb CTL, respectively. These results could be used in the upstream process for future LCA of different wood products manufactured in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000253/pdfft?md5=bf394a22dbdafff3c173de982c246662&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taofeek Mukaila , Adewale Adeniyi , Ibrahim Bello , Niloy Chandra Sarker , Ewumbua Monono , Ademola Hammed
{"title":"Optimizing film mechanical and water contact angle properties via PLA/starch/lecithin concentrations","authors":"Taofeek Mukaila , Adewale Adeniyi , Ibrahim Bello , Niloy Chandra Sarker , Ewumbua Monono , Ademola Hammed","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The optimization of mechanical property and water contact angle of PLA/starch/lecithin film was conducted using response surface methodology. The tensile strength, Young's modulus and water contact angle of PLA/starch/lecithin film ranged from 0.44 ± 0.21–7.18 ± 0.57 MPa, 133.78 ± 33.7–775.57 ± 85.44 MPa and 17.71 ± 1.93–59.41 ± 28 (<sup>o</sup>), respectively. The amount of PLA and starch significantly impacts tensile strength and Young's modulus. Unlike starch, increasing PLA in the film formulation increases tensile strength and Young's modulus. The PLA-lecithin interaction decreases the film tensile strength and Young's modulus. The film water contact angle is statistically impacted by the PLA/starch interaction and quadratic term of lecithin. The adjusted R-square and p-value of each of the response ANOVA result indicates that the model quite captures the behavior of the responses. The response 2D plots also provide more insight into the variable behavior on the resulting response, making the response surface methodology a tool to design, develop and optimize PLA-based films.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277280132400023X/pdfft?md5=222ade902c40cb4684fa4e7a39b51bce&pid=1-s2.0-S277280132400023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng H. Xie , Werner A. Kurz , Carolyn Smyth , Zhen Xu , Dominik Roeser
{"title":"Forest products circular economy in an export-focused jurisdiction: Can it fill the emission reduction gap?","authors":"Sheng H. Xie , Werner A. Kurz , Carolyn Smyth , Zhen Xu , Dominik Roeser","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of post-consumer wood in cascades offers several potential carbon-related benefits, including longer carbon retention, less landfilling, deferred tree harvesting, and increased substitution of emissions-intensive materials. However, the establishment of well-regulated wood cascading systems is limited in many jurisdictions. In this study, we utilized a wood products carbon dynamics model (MitigAna), and data from British Columbia (BC), Canada, to estimate the mitigation potential of cascading uses of wood.</p><p>We designed three scenarios: a baseline scenario without cascading, a reuse scenario assuming an 85 % recycling ratio (as the upper bound), and an achievable cascading scenario of different commodity pathways with an average 30 % recycling ratio.</p><p>The achievable cascading scenario resulted in a biogenic emission reduction of 1.16 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e yr<sup>-1</sup> (2.4 %) compared to the baseline. Further mitigation benefits may be achieved by reducing harvest, potentially leading to an additional 1.1 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e yr<sup>-1</sup> reduction. However, as a major wood exporter, the circular economy policies of BC have limited influence, as many of the end-of-life events occur outside of BC and Canada's jurisdiction. If the cascading system were to be implemented exclusively in Canada, the emission reduction would only be 0.2 MtCO<sub>2</sub>e yr<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p>Increasing the recycling ratio from 30 % to 85 % only yielded a further 2.2 % biogenic emission reduction, which suggests a diminishing rate of return for the cascading uses of wood. Jurisdictions therefore may prioritize implementing a simple and cost-effective system initially.</p><p>There are economic and environmental challenges associated with collection, sorting, treatment, transportation, remanufacturing and commercialization of the post-consumer wood in cascade. Continued research is necessary to address these challenges and inform the development of effective strategies in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000241/pdfft?md5=89b6192c9b3a46826fbcb41a5760be5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Lalrochunga , Adikanda Parida , Shibabrata Choudhury
{"title":"Systematic Review on Capacity Building through Renewable Energy enabled IoT- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Smart Agroforestry","authors":"David Lalrochunga , Adikanda Parida , Shibabrata Choudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agroforestry (AF) aims to produce more ecologically diversified and socially beneficial goods from the land than traditional farming. Capacity building on AF will aid in the information and the production required from agro-forested farms to undergo the technical assistance provided by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and Internet of things (IoT) powered by the Renewable Energy (RE) sources. The potential adoption of these technological advancements in applications has shown tangible results. The pace in the development of UAVs, IoT, and RE has indicated that their applications will make smart-AF very feasible. This paper connects the RE, UAV, and IoT for capacity building in the AF farms. The four phases regarding RE, UAV, and IoT on AF have been constructed and the interpretive ranking on PRISMA extended (IR-PRISMA) has been used to filter and rank the most dominant theme among RE, UAV, and IoT for AF practices. Subsequently, the interventions are categorized into appropriate themes and subthemes. Based on the themes and sub-themes gaps and interdependency are identified and implications for research are discussed. The distribution across the globe and the Direct and Partial Influence (DI and PI) have also been determined to enhance their technological feasibility and potential impact on the AF farmlands considering the crops grown, climatic methods, demographic distribution, and geographic location.</p><p>The technological intervention will enhance agriculture 4.0 which highly depends on the RE, UAV, and IoT, especially for AF farms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000228/pdfft?md5=277a929980334ab867247eb249d05597&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of greenness of catalytic deoxygenation of crop oil for green diesel production","authors":"Swapnil L. Fegade","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green fuels and chemicals significantly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, their green nature remains questionable in the absence of proper justification of greenness. There is a need for detailed assessment of greenness of claimed processes, fuels, or chemicals. The qualitative method discussed in this study establishes the greenness of a cleaner process of catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO), leading to the production of green fuels and chemicals. All principles of green chemistry are considered for the assessment. The qualitative analysis of findings shows that 9 out of the 12 principles of green chemistry are fulfilled while the rest of the principles are not applicable for this process. Such discussion could be included in future studies to avoid any uncertainty about their claims of greenness of products or processes. If largely commercialized, catalytic deoxygenation of WCO could be a substantial benefit to the circular bioeconomy of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801324000198/pdfft?md5=b1c386f311cbdecc8dcda15f857503bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2772801324000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}