Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy最新文献

{"title":"Life cycle of methanol from coal and rice residual biomass in Brazil: Carbon footprint analysis","authors":"Mateus Guimarães da Silva ,&nbsp;Andrea Oliveira Nunes ,&nbsp;Luciana de Figueiredo Lopes Lucena ,&nbsp;Willian Fernando Borba ,&nbsp;Pedro Daniel da Cunha Kemerich ,&nbsp;Tamires Pacheco da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the first environmental assessment study of methanol production by co-gasification of coal and residual rice biomass from the perspective of life cycle sustainability in Brazil. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the processes and activities contributing to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) throughout the production chain, spanning from the initial generation of waste biomass to the stages of coal mining preceding methanol production. The evaluation was performed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, using data collected in situ, secondary data and obtained through simulation in Aspen Plus. Three major scenarios for methanol production were considered: scenario A with 100 % coal, scenario B with 70 % coal and 30 % rice straw, and scenario C with 70 % coal and 30 % rice husk. The results showed that in scenario A, the impact on global warming is 3.14 kg CO_2eq/kg methanol, with the methanol production stage accounting for the largest environmental burden in all scenarios, mainly due to coal gasification and conditioning processes. In contrast, systems B and C demonstrate a significant mitigation potential, showing approximately a 10 % reduction in global warming impact, resulting in 2.84 kg CO_2eq/kg methanol for scenario B and 2.82 kg CO_2eq/kg methanol for scenario C. This advantage is a consequence of the use of biomass, which is inherently carbon-neutral due to its capacity to absorb and release carbon dioxide in a closed cycle, thereby contributing to the reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the results of a sensitivity analysis showed that carbon neutral and straw route are the most influential parameters on the carbon footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging regionally sourced natural fibers for coreless filament winding in sustainable construction","authors":"Alina J. Rossa ,&nbsp;Daniel Christopher Bozó ,&nbsp;Pascal Mindermann ,&nbsp;Götz T. Gresser ,&nbsp;Franziska Schuenemann","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of regionally sourced natural fibers (NF) as sustainable feedstocks for coreless filament winding (CFW), an innovative and resource-efficient composite fabrication method for construction. As the sector moves towards bio-based materials, flax has emerged as a benchmark due to its compatibility with CFW and favorable mechanical properties. However, supply chain vulnerabilities and price volatility highlight the need for regional alternatives to flax fibers. By assessing hemp, miscanthus, lavender, nettle and wheat straw cultivated in Baden-Württemberg (BW), this paper links crop sustainability and fiber suitability with the broader aim of strengthening local biomass utilization within the bioeconomy. A multi-stage evaluation framework compares environmental, economic, social, and technical indicators against flax, focusing on biomass availability, input intensity, ecosystem services, land-use competition, and fiber properties. The results identify hemp as the most promising alternative due to its high fiber output, low cultivation inputs, beneficial ecosystem services and mechanical performance. Nettle offers strong mechanical performance but faces agronomic limitations, while lavender presents niche potential under integrated production systems. Miscanthus and wheat straw, while unsuitable for direct CFW due to fiber morphology, may serve as supplementary feedstocks through modified processing. These findings underscore the role of local biomass streams in creating robust regional value chains, contributing to the resilience and sustainability of the bioeconomy. While the focus of this study is on BW, the framework can be transferred to other regions and may serve as a practical tool for policy, industry, and research seeking to advance circular approaches in bio-based construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective and sustainable microalgae cultivation: A low-cost artificially integrated LED photobioreactor ensuring high-quality algal biomass production from industrial CO2 flue gas in a high latitude country","authors":"José Ignacio Gayo-Peláez ,&nbsp;Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe ,&nbsp;Alla Silkina ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Barron","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The equipment required for large-scale production of quality microalgal biomass is costly to set-up. To address this challenge a novel low-cost internally illuminated reactor ‘the Cube’ has been developed, which is suitable for deployment in high latitude countries with low natural light conditions. This innovative concept combines the use of low-cost materials, LED lighting, effective temperature and pH control technology to produce high quality algal biomass from industrial CO₂ effluent at low initial capital cost. This study evaluated the ability of the cube by growing <em>Arthrospira platensis</em> (Spirulina). The reactor achieved biomass concentrations of 1.37 g L^-1 and 80.5 mg L^-1 day^-1 productivity in a 1 m³vol that occupies 1 m², with consistent productivity spanning 78 days, surpassing some of the existing most cost-effective microalgae cultivation system designs currently available. Aerial productivity was demonstrated as 92.1 kg year^-1 m^-2 compared to 4.2 kg year^-1 m^-2 for a comparable raceway. Protein composition was 54.1% and phycocyanin content was 78.27 mg g^-1 of biomass. An economic appraisal gave capital cost as £12,776.60 per m³ reactor and potential profits from pigment and protein production lead to a payback period of only 1.7 years. This novel reactor demonstrates sustainable profits from carbon capture and reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to adopting circular economy in sustainable agri-food supply chains of developing economies","authors":"Hasitha Rathnayake ,&nbsp;Amila Withanaarachchi ,&nbsp;Amila Thibbotuwawa","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular economy (CE) offers a solution to the developing nations' growing food waste problem, yet implementation remains limited. This study explores CE adoption across agri-food supply chains through a multi-stakeholder analysis, considering both agri-food suppliers and consumers in Sri Lanka to identify context-specific barriers and enhance waste reduction and resource circulation. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate barriers identified in prior literature. Drawing on four theoretical perspectives: Resource Dependence Theory, Contingency Theory, Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, a conceptual framework is developed to analyze how these barriers affect CE adoption in the agri-food supply chain. Accordingly, this study identifies four key barriers to CE adoption in sustainable agri-food supply chains: Environmental Laws and Policies (ELP), Market Acceptance (MA), Supply Chain Actors’ Coordination (CSA), and Short-term Economic Benefits (SEB). MA and ELP were most influential for suppliers, while consumers emphasized ELP and CSA. Lifestyle showed significant moderation effects in consumer and combined datasets, whereas Environmental Conditions observed no significant moderation. The study contributes by bridging theoretical gaps on CE barriers through multiple organizational lenses and by offering practical insights into CE adoption within developing economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European bioeconomy strategy revision: An opportunity to go against the tide and secure a sustainable future","authors":"Piergiuseppe Morone ,&nbsp;Helena Vieira ,&nbsp;Lene Lange ,&nbsp;Yvonne Van der Meer ,&nbsp;Merja Penttilä ,&nbsp;Arnaud Dragicevic ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Koukios ,&nbsp;Sandra Krommes ,&nbsp;Teresa Alvarino Pereira ,&nbsp;Zane Vincevica-Gaile ,&nbsp;Jonas Viðarsson ,&nbsp;Antonis A. Zorpas ,&nbsp;Jarmilla Zimmermannova ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Zimniewska ,&nbsp;Kevin E O'Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today’s tense geopolitical landscape, marked by strained relations among major powers and deep-rooted dependence on fossil-based economies, the emerging modern bioeconomy can provide resource independence and resilience, in tandem with economic, social, and environmental benefits, and thus has the potential to underpin a sustainable future. The bioeconomy is a vital cross-cutting meta-sector, but it is not inherently circular or sustainable; without intentional design, it risks becoming a linear, unsustainable replacement of the fossil-based economy. Realising its full promise requires purposeful engineering to address climate change, biodiversity loss, strengthen resource independence, support food security and resilience, create jobs, promote social inclusion, boost competitiveness and autonomy, and improve human, animal, and environmental health. The potential is enormous, but so are the challenges society faces in realising the vision for a biobased, nature-positive future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability and the role of policy regulations in agro-processing small and medium enterprises in Uganda","authors":"Samuel Kabbera,&nbsp;Jude Thaddeo Mugarura,&nbsp;Anthony Tibaingana,&nbsp;Yusuf Kiwala","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the policy regulations for the sustainable development of agro-processing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda, drawing on the experiences of enterprise owners in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). Despite Uganda's policy efforts to promote socio-economic and environmental sustainability, their influence within the agro-processing SME context remains insufficiently examined. Many policies have overlooked the unique challenges faced by SMEs, often focusing on larger enterprises. Additionally, SME owners, who play a crucial role in advancing sustainability, have not provided sufficient input in the development of these policies.</div><div>The study adopted a qualitative inductive approach and in-depth interviews were employed to collect data using an interview guide from a population of 30 owners of agro-processing SMEs. Saturation was attained at the 20th interview. The interviews were transcribed and then analysed thematically, using QSR NVivo 14 software.</div><div>The findings highlight regulatory challenges that hinder agro-processing SMEs from fully adopting sustainable practices, revealing a disconnect between policy intentions and implementation. The findings suggest that while agro-processing SMEs are making strides in adopting sustainable practices, the lack of targeted policy interventions and supportive frameworks hinders the integration of sustainable practices. As such the study develops a sustainability - policy nexus model and recommends its adoption by agro-processing SMEs in GKMA. Overall, this study deepens our understanding of SMEs' sustainability practices in developing country contexts and informs policy by offering a roadmap for targeted regulatory interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of larger empty fruit bunch particles to biochar in view of biocircularity. The case of palm oil industry in Cameroon","authors":"Ferdinand Ngosong ,&nbsp;Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu ,&nbsp;Ifeanyi Samson Eze","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2026.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorisation of agriculture wastes remains a major challenge. Hence, remarkable quantities of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) generated yearly from the Cameroon oil palm industry are mostly dumped, inflicting unhealthy environmental pollution that has provoked massive criticism. This study aimed to investigate the unprecedented thermochemical enhancement of larger (150 mm) sized EFB particles into solid biofuel and characterise it in view of implementing the bio-circularity model in the industry. The EFB were pyrolyzed in an off-grid reactor having an internal centralised heater and lagged outer walls under controlled temperature and retention time. At 300 °C and retention time of 60 min, biochar yield of 53.5 % wt. was obtained with a higher heating value (HHV) of 23.00 MJ/kg, determined by bomb calorimetry. Proximate analysis on the biochar revealed moisture content of 2.54 %, volatile matter 39.87 %, fixed carbon of 51.95 % and ash content of 5.64 % composed of 19.5 % silica. These values were within acceptable range for biofuels suitable for thermal application, in conformity with ISO standards of quality solid biofuel. The bio-circularity model focuses on wastes identification, upcycling, and re-utilisation; thus, its implementation would enable waste minimisation, industry running cost reduction, mitigation of environmental pollution, and global climate change. A life cycle assessment conducted on the valorisation of EFB to biochar through slow pyrolysis indicated an insignificant greenhouse gas emission of 0.0478 kg CO₂ eq. kg⁻¹ of EFB utilised, compared to about 2.75 kg CO₂ eq. from the combustion of 1 kg of fossil fuel like methane. This research establishes appropriate conditions for EFB transformation into sustainable renewable biochar which has various potential uses: bio-fertilizer, adsorbent, biofuel, etc. Other by-products like silica may be useful in the chemical industry while the green circular process would create more economic value to the industry and the community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth stages, yield and yield components of Camelina sativa affected by drought stress, planting date and row spacing in semi-arid conditions of Iran","authors":"Mohsen Arabshahi ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Ganjali ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Sabbagh ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Mobasser ,&nbsp;Behnam Bakhshi","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Finding the optimum crop production parameters to enhance the growth and yield of an industrial crop (<em>Camelina Sativa</em> L.) under water scarce conditions is of great significance. The objective was to investigate the effects of drought stress (S), planting date (D) and row spacing (R) on growth stages and yield of camelina in a two-year field experiment. The research was split plot factorial on the basis of complete randomized block design with three replicates. Different plant morphological properties, yield and yield components and the periods of different growth stages were determined. The experimental treatments significantly affected the measured parameters and row spacing was a more effective treatment than planting date. Control (without stress) treatment resulted in the highest 1000-grain weight (1.17 g), at the highest row spacing. However, stress conditions and later planting significantly decreased 1000-grain weight (0.69 g). Similarly, the control and the stress treatments resulted in the highest (1028.87 kg ha^-1) and least yield (301.89 kg ha^-1), and less row spacing decreased yield. Stress prolonged the period of germination and with increasing stress and D and R levels, the periods of different growth stages decreased. There were significant and positive correlations among the measured parameters. In both years, D1 and R3 resulted in the highest grain yield and components at S3. The use of appropriate agronomical practices, especially proper row spacing may alleviate the unfavorable effects of drought stress on camelina growth and yield up to some level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling agricultural waste through organic formulations enhances crop growth, crop productivity, and soil health in triple crop system","authors":"Kamal Garg ,&nbsp;Shiva Dhar ,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar ,&nbsp;V.K. Sharma ,&nbsp;Marthala Bhuvaneswar Reddy ,&nbsp;Gaurendra Gupta ,&nbsp;Balendu Shekhar Giri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hashim ,&nbsp;Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat ,&nbsp;Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Mukesh Kumar Awasthi ,&nbsp;Elisa Azura Azman ,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling agricultural residues into organic formulations offers a sustainable strategy to reduce reliance on limited farmyard manure (FYM) resources and improve soil and crop performance. Anchored in the principles of sustainable nutrient recycling and agroecological intensification, present study evaluated effects of organic formulations prepared from agro-waste such as paddy husk ash (PHA) and potato peel compost (PPC) on crop growth, productivity, and soil health in triple crop rotation system.</div><div>A two-year field experiment (2020–22) was executed at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, using a randomized block design with seven nutrient management treatments. Crop growth, yields, soil health indicators, soil physical, chemical and biological properties were assessed.</div><div>Among treatments, T₄ (applied with 100% Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through a PHA-based formulation) consistently achieved the highest yields: baby corn (7.42–7.53 t ha^-1), kabuli gram (2.16–2.21 t ha^-1), and cowpea (6.83–6.95 t ha^-1), followed by T₆ (100% RDN via a potato peel compost (PPC)-based formulation) and T₂ (100% RDN through FYM). Soil under T₄ showed substantial improvements in NH₄⁺-N (11.3–13.3 mg kg^-1) and NO₃^--N (20.6–21.9 mg kg^-1), representing 68–91% and 111–144% increases over the control. Enzymatic activities, including dehydrogenase (39–41%) and alkaline phosphatase (33–37%), were also significantly enhanced. Additionally, microbial populations and microbial biomass carbon (239 mg kg^-1) increased by 20–36% and 25%, respectively, compared with the control (T₁).</div><div>PHA- and PPC-based formulations demonstrated strong potential as effective substitutes for FYM alone, improving crop growth, yields, and enhancing soil health. Their use can promote sustainable nutrient recycling and soil health in regions with limited availability of conventional organic inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145772002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward lower-carbon dairy: Life cycle assessment of a modelled high-yielding Swedish dairy farm","authors":"M. Managos ,&nbsp;M. Lindberg ,&nbsp;C. Lindahl ,&nbsp;S. Agenäs ,&nbsp;U. Sonesson","doi":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used systems analysis to quantify farm-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use (LU) from a high-yielding Swedish dairy farm under six feeding strategies, using a cradle-to-farm-gate attributional Life Cycle Assessment. The strategies combined three dairy cattle concentrate mixes: commercial (COM), by-products-based (BYP), and based on domestically produced feed ingredients (DOM), with two roughage strategies for replacement heifers: grass-clover silage (GS) or a 50:50 dry matter basis roughage mix (RM) of GS and whole crop cereal silage. All rations were formulated using the Nordic feed evaluation system and standardised for equal energy-corrected milk (ECM) output. Values on enteric methane emissions and animal productivity were based on animal trials with direct measurements on animals offered these diets. Compared to COM, total farm GHG decreased more under BYP (GS: -6.0%; RM: -5.9%) than under DOM (GS: -2.6%; RM: -2.1%). Under the BYP strategy, LU decreased by 3.8% for both GS and RM compared to COM. Conversely, the DOM strategy increased LU by 0.3% (GS) and 6.8% (RM) compared to COM. Using a RM instead of GS in the heifer rations increased GHG emissions by 0.9%, 1.0% and 1.5% and reduced LU by 7.9%, 8.2%, and 1.3% for the COM, BYP, and DOM strategies. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the carbon footprint and LU differences of feed ingredients when designing sustainable dairy systems. Feed-based mitigation strategies, involving by-products and domestically sourced ingredients, offer practical, immediate opportunities to reduce emissions in Swedish and other Northern European dairy systems, without compromising productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100250,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}