Chip Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100031

Yiqi Sun , Jiean Li , Sheng Li , Yongchang Jiang , Enze Wan , Jiahan Zhang , Yi Shi , Lijia Pan

{"title":"Advanced synaptic devices and their applications in biomimetic sensory neural system","authors":"Yiqi Sun , Jiean Li , Sheng Li , Yongchang Jiang , Enze Wan , Jiahan Zhang , Yi Shi , Lijia Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chip.2022.100031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Human nervous system, which is composed of neuron and synapse networks, is capable of processing information in a plastic, data-parallel, fault-tolerant, and energy-efficient approach. Inspired by the ingenious working mechanism of this miraculous biological data processing system, scientists have been devoting great efforts to artificial neural systems based on synaptic devices in recent decades. The continuous development of bioinspired sensors and synaptic devices in recent years have made it possible that artificial sensory neural systems are capable of capturing and processing stimuli information in real time. The progress of biomimetic sensory neural systems could provide new methods for next-generation humanoid robotics, human-machine interfaces, and other frontier applications. Herein, this review summarized the recent progress of synaptic devices and biomimetic sensory neural systems. Additionally, the opportunities and remaining challenges in the further development of biomimetic sensory neural systems were also outlined</strong>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50183373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High performance flexible photodetector based on 0D-2D perovskite heterostructure 基于0D-2D钙钛矿异质结构的高性能柔性光电探测器

Chip Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100032

Yali Ma , Yiwen Li , He Wang , Mengke Wang , Jun Wang

{"title":"High performance flexible photodetector based on 0D-2D perovskite heterostructure","authors":"Yali Ma , Yiwen Li , He Wang , Mengke Wang , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chip.2022.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Flexible photodetectors (PDs) comprised of low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with perovskite quantum dots are expected to be the next generation wearable optoelectronic devices. A flexible Vis-NIR PD which contains 2D Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskite (4AMP)(MA)<sub>2</sub>Pb</strong><sub><strong>3</strong></sub><strong>I</strong><sub><strong>10</strong></sub> <strong>(4AMP = 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium, MA = methylammonium) (n3) and micro concentration of CsPbI</strong><sub><strong>3</strong></sub> <strong>perovskite quantum dots (QDs) layered heterostructures was designed and synthesized in the current work. Controlled by the optimal concentration of QDs, the device response under 660 nm light was increased to 615%. The device combination as per mass of QDs exhibited strong photosensitivity and high-power output. The band gap between the two is minimal, which formed a matching structure and lowered the energy barrier of carrier transport process. QDs layer filled the gap of perovskite film, forming an almost defect-free heterostructure. QDs layer isolated water and passivated the perovskite layer, which therefore contributed to the high-performance of optoelectronic devices. Under the optimal concentration of QDs with up to 5000 bending cycles and different bending angles, the degradation of PDscouldbe ignored, and the devices tended to show a self-healing phenomenon with increasing bending cycles. The optimized strategy will be conducive to developing flexible, wearable, high-performance and low-cost PDs.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50183374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementing hardware primitives based on memristive spatiotemporal variability into cryptography applications 在密码学应用中实现基于忆阻时空变异性的硬件原语

Chip Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2023.100040

Bo Liu , Yudi Zhao , YinFeng Chang , Han Hsiang Tai , Hanyuan Liang , Tsung-Cheng Chen , Shiwei Feng , Tuo-Hung Hou , Chao-Sung Lai

{"title":"Implementing hardware primitives based on memristive spatiotemporal variability into cryptography applications","authors":"Bo Liu , Yudi Zhao , YinFeng Chang , Han Hsiang Tai , Hanyuan Liang , Tsung-Cheng Chen , Shiwei Feng , Tuo-Hung Hou , Chao-Sung Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2023.100040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chip.2023.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Implementing hardware primitives into cryptosystem has become a new trend in electronic community. Memristor, with intrinsic stochastic characteristics including the switching voltages, times and energies, as well as the fluctuations of the resistance state over time, could be a naturally good entropy source for cryptographic key generation. In this study, based on kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation, multiple Artificial Intelligence techniques, as well as kernel density map and time constant analysis, memristive spatiotemporal variability within graphene based conductive bridging RAM (CBRAM) have been synergistically analyzed to verify the inherent randomness of the memristive stochasticity. Moreover, the random number based on hardware primitives passed the Hamming Distance calculation with high randomness and uniqueness, and has been integrated into a Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem. The security of the holistic cryptosystem relies both the modular arithmetic algorithm and the intrinsic randomness of the hardware primitive (to be more reliable, the random number could be as large as possible, better larger than 2048 bits as NIST suggested). The spatiotemporal-variability-based random number is highly random, physically unpredictable and machine-learning-attack resilient, improving the robustness of the entire cryptosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50183375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

On-chip mechanical computing: status, challenges, and opportunities 片上机械计算：现状、挑战和机遇

Chip Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2023.100038

Luming Wang , Pengcheng Zhang , Zuheng Liu , Zenghui Wang , Rui Yang

引用次数: 2

On-chip topological nanophotonic devices 片上拓扑纳米光子器件

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100025

Cui-Cui Lu , Hong-Yi Yuan , Hong-Yu Zhang , Wen Zhao , Nian-En Zhang , Yan-Ji Zheng , Sayed Elshahat , Yong-Chun Liu

{"title":"On-chip topological nanophotonic devices","authors":"Cui-Cui Lu , Hong-Yi Yuan , Hong-Yu Zhang , Wen Zhao , Nian-En Zhang , Yan-Ji Zheng , Sayed Elshahat , Yong-Chun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On-chip topological nanophotonic devices, which take photons as information carriers with topological protection during light propagation, have great application potential in the next generation photonic chips. The topological photonic states enable the nanophotonic devices to be robust and stable, immune to scattering even with imperfect structures. The development, opportunities and challenges of the on-chip topological nanophotonic devices have attracted great attention of scholars, and desired to be known. In this review, topological devices were introduced in the order of functionalities on an integrated photonic chip, i.e. topological light source, topological light waveguiding, topological light division and selection, topological light manipulation and topological light detecting. Finally, we gave outlooks for predicting and promoting the performances of on-chip topological nanophotonic devices from the angles of non-Hermitian systems, non-Abelian topology, metasurfaces, intelligent algorithms and multiple functional topological nanophotonic integration. This review provides rich knowledge about on-chip topological nanophotonic devices. The insights in this paper will spark inspiration and inspire new thinking for the realization of topological photonic chips.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2709472322000235/pdfft?md5=bd8e4c6e3d8131f0473af4b6667ea9c8&pid=1-s2.0-S2709472322000235-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75583714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Machine learning for semiconductors 半导体的机器学习

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100033

Duan-Yang Liu , Li-Ming Xu , Xu-Min Lin , Xing Wei , Wen-Jie Yu , Yang Wang , Zhong-Ming Wei

引用次数: 3

Ultra-compact lithium niobate microcavity electro-optic modulator beyond 110 GHz 超紧凑铌酸锂超110 GHz微腔电光调制器

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100029

Bing-Cheng Pan , Hong-Xuan Liu , Hao-Chen Xu , Yi-Shu Huang , Huan Li , Ze-Jie Yu , Liu Liu , Yao-Cheng Shi , Dao-Xin Dai

{"title":"Ultra-compact lithium niobate microcavity electro-optic modulator beyond 110 GHz","authors":"Bing-Cheng Pan , Hong-Xuan Liu , Hao-Chen Xu , Yi-Shu Huang , Huan Li , Ze-Jie Yu , Liu Liu , Yao-Cheng Shi , Dao-Xin Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>A lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) electro-optic (EO) modulator based on a 2 × 2 FP-cavity was designed and realized with an ultra-compact footprint and an ultra-high bandwidth. A comprehensive analysis on the present LNOI FP-cavity modulator was conducted to reveal the dependence of modulation bandwidth and modulation efficiency on the cavity Q-factor and the operation wavelength detuning to the resonance. In particular, the 2 × 2 FP cavity was designed to achieve an optimal Q factor by reducing the reflectivity of reflectors and the cavity length, thus reducing the photon lifetime in the cavity . An ultra-short effective cavity length of only∼ 50 µm was achieved for the designed LNOI FP-cavity modulator, with itsfootprint being as compact as ∼ 4 × 500 µm</strong><span><sup>2</sup></span><strong>. It was demonstrated theoretically that the modulation bandwidth could be improved significantly to be over 200 GHz by utilizing the peaking enhancement effect. The fabricated device exhibited an excess loss of ∼ 1 dB and an extinction ratio of ∼ 20 dB in experiments, while the measured 3-dB bandwidth was higher than 110 GHz (beyond the maximal range of the facilities in experiments). Up till now, to our best knowledge, this has been the first LNOI microcavity modulator with a bandwidth higher than 110 GHz. Finally, high-quality eye-diagrams of 100 Gbps on-off keying (OOK) and 140 Gbps 4-pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signals were demonstrated experimentally, and the energy consumption for the OOK signals was as low as 4.5 fJ/bit.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2709472322000272/pdfft?md5=fd866f2c0d3dcc0ec01ab8afa54a6fca&pid=1-s2.0-S2709472322000272-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79604506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Foldable-circuit-enabled miniaturized multifunctional sensor for smart digital dust 可折叠电路的微型多功能智能数字粉尘传感器

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100034

Chun-Yu You , Bo-Fan Hu , Bo-Rui Xu , Zi-Yu Zhang , Bin-Min Wu , Gao-Shan Huang , En-Ming Song , Yong-Feng Mei

{"title":"Foldable-circuit-enabled miniaturized multifunctional sensor for smart digital dust","authors":"Chun-Yu You , Bo-Fan Hu , Bo-Rui Xu , Zi-Yu Zhang , Bin-Min Wu , Gao-Shan Huang , En-Ming Song , Yong-Feng Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smart dust, which refers to miniaturized, multifunctional sensor motes, would open up data acquisition opportunities for Internet of Things (IoT) and Environmental protection applications. However, critical obstacles remain challenging in the integration of high-density sensors, further miniaturization of device platforms, and reduction of cost. Here, we demonstrate the concept of smart digital dust to address these problems, the results of which combine the benefit of (<em>i</em>) maturity of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing approaches and (<em>ii</em>) unique form factors of emerging flexible electronics. As a prototype for smart digital dust, we present a millimeter-scale multifunctional optoelectronic sensor platform consisting of high-performance optoelectronic sensor cores and commercially available integrated-circuit components. The smart material-assisted optoelectronic sensing mechanism enables real-time, high-sensitivity hydrogen, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) sensing based on a single chip with ultralow power consumption. Such a microsystem presented here introduces a viable solution to the multifunctional sensing need of IoT and could serve as a building block for the rapidly evolving future framework of smart dust.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2709472322000326/pdfft?md5=ac12683a4f5e2e78eee9ad875b5b611a&pid=1-s2.0-S2709472322000326-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83778031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Terahertz metadevices for silicon plasmonics 硅等离子体的太赫兹元器件

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100030

Yuan Liang , Hao Yu , Hong Wang , Hao Chi Zhang , Tie Jun Cui

{"title":"Terahertz metadevices for silicon plasmonics","authors":"Yuan Liang , Hao Yu , Hong Wang , Hao Chi Zhang , Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chip.2022.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metamaterial devices (metadevices) have been developed in progress aiming to generate extraordinary performance over traditional devices in the (sub-)terahertz (THz) domain, and their planar integration with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits pave a new way to build miniature silicon plasmonics that overcomes existing challenges in chip-to-chip communication. In an effort towards low-power, crosstalk-tolerance, and high-speed data link for future exascale data centers, this article reviews the recent progress on two metamaterials, namely, the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), and the split-ring resonator (SRR), as well as their implementations in silicon, focusing primarily on their fundamental theories, design methods, and implementations for future THz communications. Owing to their respective dispersion characteristic at THz, these two metadevices are highly expected to play an important role in miniature integrated circuits and systems toward compact size, dense integration, and outstanding performance. A design example of a fully integrated sub-THz CMOS silicon plasmonic system integrating these two metadevices is provided to demonstrate a dual-channel crosstalk-tolerance and energy-efficient on-off keying (OOK) communication system. Future directions and potential applications for THz metadevices are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100244,"journal":{"name":"Chip","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2709472322000284/pdfft?md5=36d37d767112466e41c086969f69624c&pid=1-s2.0-S2709472322000284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Feasibility of chipscale integration of single-photon switched digital loop buffer 单光子开关数字环路缓冲器芯片级集成的可行性

Chip Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chip.2022.100028

Xiaoxi Wang , Shayan Mookherjea

引用次数: 2

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